Force–displacement relationship in micro-metric pantographs: Experiments and numerical simulations

In this paper, we reveal that the mathematical discrete model of Hencky type, introduced in [1], is appropriate for describing the mechanical behavior of micro-metric pantographic elementary modules. This behavior does not differ remarkably from what has been observed for milli-metric modules, as we prove with suitably designed experiments. Therefore, we conclude that the concept of pantographic microstructure seems feasible for micro-metrically architected microstructured (meta)materials as well. These results are particularly indicative of the possibility of fabricating materials that can have an underlying pantographic microstructure at micrometric scale, so that its unique behavior can be exploited in a larger range of technological applications.     

激光毛化轧辊技术的特色与进展

轧辊激光毛化技术的用途是什么? 什么样的轧辊需要毛化处理? 激光毛化轧辊技术 的优势是什么? 还存在什么不足? 激光毛化处理为什么能够延长轧辊的寿命? 激光毛化轧辊 改善了所轧钢板的哪些性能? 其机制是什么? 针对轧辊激光毛化技术的这几个基本问题 进行了讨论和释疑, 并指出了下一步的改进方向.     

Qualitative pivot damage analysis in aluminum printed pantographic sheets: Numerics and experiments

In this paper we present a model in which the motions of two families of beams constituting a pantographic sheet, when described with two independent placement fields, allows to correctly simulate the points of fracture onset in axial tension test. The deformation energy is postulated in function of these independent displacements as involving an additive quadratic term of deformation energy depending on the squared norm of their difference. The first performed numerical simulations establish that the most strained pivots are exactly the ones where one observes the first rupture.     

Dynamics of 1D nonlinear pantographic continua

In this paper a mechanical system consisting of a chain of masses connected by nonlinear springs and a pantographic microstructure is studied. A homogenized form of the energy is justified through a standard passage from finite differences involving the characteristic length to partial derivatives. The corresponding continuous motion equation, which is a nonlinear fourth-order PDE, is investigated. Traveling wave solutions are imposed and quasi-soliton solutions are found and numerically compared with the motion of the system resulting from a generic perturbation.     

Pantographic 2D sheets: Discussion of some numerical investigations and potential applications

The study of generalized continuum models through the numerical investigation of discrete systems considered as an approximation to a homogenized continuum limit is nowadays a well-known research approach in mechanics. In the present paper, a system constituted by a large number of beams interconnected via ideal hinges, called here a pantographic sheet, is considered, and some numerical simulations concerning the static and dynamic analysis of the system are presented and discussed. The observed behavior significantly differs from what one would expect from ordinary first gradient continuum models. Moreover, interesting application possibilities entailed by the specific characteristics of the structure, and in particular by the strong non-linear behavior of the mechanical variables, are discussed.     

弹体侵彻刚玉块石混凝土复合靶体的数值分析

在先前混凝土三维细观模型和块石遮弹层三维模型研究的基础上,研究了小直径炸弹侵彻条件下,刚玉块石遮弹层的抗侵彻性能。重点分析了弹体侵彻条件对侵彻深度和弹体偏转角度的影响以及遮弹层构造参数对侵彻结果的影响;详细探讨了弹体命中速度、命中角度和弹着点位置,以及刚玉块石大小、体积率和填充混凝土强度对遮弹层抗侵彻性能的影响。与普通块石遮弹层相比,刚玉块石混凝土复合遮弹层具有更好的抗弹体侵彻性能。     

Linear Pantographic Sheets: Existence and Uniqueness of Weak Solutions

The well-posedness of the boundary value problems for second gradient elasticity has been studied under the assumption of strong ellipticity of the dependence on the second placement gradients (see, e.g., Chambon and Moullet in Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 193:2771–2796, 2004 and Mareno and Healey in SIAM J. Math. Anal. 38:103–115, 2006).The study of the equilibrium of planar pantographic lattices has been approached in two different ways: in dell’Isola et al. (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 472:20150, 2016) a discrete model was introduced involving extensional and rotational springs which is also valid in large deformations regimes while in Boutin et al. (Math. Mech. Complex Syst. 5:127–162, 2017) the lattice has been modelled as a set of beam elements interconnected by internal pivots, but the analysis was restricted to the linear case. In both papers a homogenized second gradient deformation energy, quadratic in the neighbourhood of non deformed configuration, is obtained via perturbative methods and the predictions obtained with the obtained continuum model are successfully compared with experiments. This energy is not strongly elliptic in its dependence on second gradients. We consider in this paper also the important particular case of pantographic lattices whose first gradient energy does not depend on shear deformation: this could be considered either a pathological case or an important exceptional case (see Stillwell et al. in Am. Math. Mon. 105:850–858, 1998 and Turro in Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 39:2255–2259, 2000). In both cases we believe that such a particular case deserves some attention because of what we can understand by studying it (see Dyson in Science 200:677–678, 1978). This circumstance motivates the present paper, where we address the well-posedness of the planar linearized equilibrium problem for homogenized pantographic lattices. To do so: (i) we introduce a class of subsets of anisotropic Sobolev’s space as the most suitable energy space \(E\) relative to assigned boundary conditions; (ii) we prove that the considered strain energy density is coercive and positive definite in \(E\); (iii) we prove that the set of placements for which the strain energy is vanishing (the so-called floppy modes) must strictly include rigid motions; (iv) we determine the restrictions on displacement boundary conditions which assure existence and uniqueness of linear static problems. The presented results represent one of the first mechanical applications of the concept of Anisotropic Sobolev space, initially introduced only on the basis of purely abstract mathematical considerations.     

含缺陷双层石墨烯的纳米压痕模拟研究

石墨烯具有独特的力学、电学性能,被誉为是具有战略意义的新材料,具有广泛的应用前景. 目前生产的石墨烯含有各种缺陷,相较于完美石墨烯,其仍有较大应用价值. 因此有必要研究和掌握缺陷对石墨烯性能的影响,以便在目前的生产技术下,推动其工业化应用. 采用Tersoffff 势来模拟C—C 共价键的相互作用,Lernnard-Jones 势来模拟非成键碳原子之间相互作用力,基于分子动力学模拟了金刚石压头压入含缺陷双层石墨烯的纳米压痕过程,讨论了Lernnard-Jones 势函数的截断半径最佳值以及得到了典型的载荷-位移曲线. 重点探讨了Stone-Thrower-Wales、空位(包括单空位和双空位缺陷) 以及圆孔缺陷当位置不同和数目不同时对石墨烯力学性能的影响. 得出结论:薄膜中心存在缺陷时,破坏强度下降幅度特别明显. 空位缺陷在压头半径范围内存在时,临界载荷与缺陷与薄膜中心的距离成线性关系;缺陷数目越多,其杨氏模量、破坏强度等就越低. 圆孔缺陷数目在压头范围外达到一定浓度后会使石墨烯的力学性质显著降低. 本文结论也说明石墨烯结构稳定,对小缺陷不敏感,缺陷石墨烯仍具有较好的性能和使用价值.      

基于实测载荷谱的重载铁路货车车钩钩尾框剩余寿命预测

随着我国重载铁路货车运行规模及开行频次的增加, 车钩钩尾框断裂破坏问题日益严重. 本文以国产16/17型车钩钩尾框(锻造E级钢)为研究对象, 首先通过系统的材料试验获得了锻造E级钢的基本力学性能和断裂性能参数; 其次建立了含初始裂纹缺陷的钩尾框有限元模型; 最后基于实测线路载荷谱, 采用NASGRO方程开展了伤损钩尾框剩余寿命预测. 计算结果表明: 当裂纹形貌比a/c为0.8, 0.5, 0.3时计算得到的车钩钩尾框剩余寿命逐渐减小, 疲劳裂纹从深度2 mm扩展至20 mm的计算剩余寿命分别为36, 32, 26万公里, 均不足一个段修期; 3种裂纹形貌比下裂纹扩展至12 mm后的剩余寿命占比均较小, 仅为总剩余服役里程的4.7%, 4.0%, 2.2%, 因此可将12 mm作为钩尾框损伤容限止裂判据较为合理; 为研究近门槛区对裂纹扩展寿命的影响, 当裂纹形貌比为0.5且初始裂纹的尺寸降低至0.5 mm时, 裂纹将处于裂纹扩展门槛区附近, 剩余服役里程约为156万公里, 约为2 mm初始裂纹的4.9倍, 跨越了三个段修期. 论文研究结果可为重载铁路货车钩尾框检修周期的优化提供基本参考.      

Pattern formation in the three-dimensional deformations of fibered sheets

We simulate pattern formation in the deformations of a pantographic lattice using a model of elastic surfaces that accounts for the geodesic bending of the constituent fibers. The theory predicts an unusual arrangement of coexistent phases observed in an actual lattice, manufactured by a 3D printing process, in which the fibers undergo part-wise uniform shears separated by internal transition layers controlled by geodesic bending stiffness.     

气流化学激光理论研究的若干进展

以超声速HF/DF化学激光和超声速氧碘化学激光(COIL)为代表的气流化学激光(GCL), 因其科学意义、军事和工业应用价值，近30多年来得到了突飞猛进的发展.由于超声速膨胀混合流在控制强放热反应动力学和热力学过程方面的特殊本领，使气体动力学在高功率GCL的发展中起着关键性的作用.高功率GCL性能的分析计算自然也沿用非平衡气体动力学的方法，假定气流(包括激光能级分子和原子)为连续介质，谱线为均匀加宽，并联立求解气体动力学方程组，增益动力学和基于光强迭加原则的辐射传输诸方程，称为速率方程(RE)模型.20世纪70年代后期又提出和发展了GCL性能计算的半气体动理学(SGK)模型，在SGK模型中仍假定气流为连续介质，但同时考虑了激光能级分子微观热运动的贡献，谱线加宽的非均匀加宽效应，并用双参数摄动法求解激光能级分子速度分布函数方程组(即广义Boltzmann方程组), 因此SGK模型是一个同时考虑宏观和微观尺度运动的跨尺度模型.本文综述RE模型和SGK模型以及用它们预测GCL性能的若干研究进展，同时简评等增益模型和腔模(模图样)理论研究的一些进展.最后从气体动力学的角度提出一些值得 进一步研究的课题.     

Effect of adhesive thickness,adhesive type and scarf angle on the mechanical properties of scarf adhesive joints

The effects of adhesive thickness, adhesive type and scarf angle, which are determined as the main control parameters by the dimensional analysis, on the mechanical properties of a scarf adhesive joint (SJ) subjected to uniaxial tensile loading are examined using a mixed-mode cohesive zone model (CZM) with a bilinear shape to govern the interface separation. Particularly, the adhesive-dependence of the vital cohesive parameters of CZM, which mainly include initial stiffness, total fracture energy and separation strength, is introduced emphatically. The numerical results demonstrate that the ultimate tensile loading increases as the adhesive thickness decreases. Cross the ultimate tension, the joint loses the load-bearing capacity when adopting the brittle adhesive but sustains partial load-bearing capacity while selecting the ductile adhesive. In addition, for the joint with the ductile adhesive, the maximum applied displacement until the complete failure of it is directly proportional to the adhesive thickness, which is different from the case using the brittle adhesive. Taking the combination of the ultimate loading and applied displacement into account, failure energy is employed to evaluate the joint performances. The results show that the failure energy of the joint with the brittle adhesive increases as the adhesive thickness decreases. Conversely, the situation of the joint using the ductile adhesive is vice versa. Moreover, the effect of the adhesive thickness becomes more noticeable with decreasing the scarf angle owing to the variation of the proportion of each component of the mixed-mode. Furthermore, all the characteristic parameters (the ultimate tensile loading, the maximum applied displacement and the failure energy) that adopted to describe the performances of SJ increase as the scarf angle decreases. Finally, the numerical method employed in this study is validated by comparing with existing experimental results.     

Fourier-based incremental homogenisation of coupled unilateral damage–plasticity model for masonry structures

In structural analysis of large masonry structures, nondemanding computation effort, numerical stability and simplified model assembly and meshing often have a higher priority over precise details of local stress or strain responses. This paper presents the development of a Fourier-based incremental homogenisation technique, where the macro–micro transformations of mechanical variables are derived by incremental variational problems to minimise the potential energy in representative volume elements (RVEs) with respect to local fluctuating displacement fields expanded in Fourier series. In addition to the proposed homogenisation technique, a unilateral damage–plasticity constitutive model for mortar joints in the RVE is developed within the framework of thermomechanics, which accounts for the stiffness and strength degradation (or recovery) due to the transverse crack opening/closing in the mortar joints. The numerical solution for the homogenisation problem and the performances of the proposed coupled-damage plastic mode and Fourier-based homogenisation scheme verified by detailed case studies are presented. It has been shown that the computational effort of the analysis with the proposed modelling technique can be considerably reduced by more than 20% as compared with that of the discrete modelling technique.     

A comparative experimental study on the use of three denoising methods for bearing defect detection

In the conditional maintenance of mechanical components by vibratory analysis, one distinguishes two types of analyses which are necessary for obtaining a reliable diagnosis. The first analysis lies in the detection of potential defects; there are currently various succeeded methods based on the treatment of the vibratory signals allowing the localization of a defect. One can quote among these methods the analysis of spectrum (with constant resolution (RC) or percentage of bands constant (PCB)), the analysis of envelope, the analysis cepstrale, the analysis time-frequencies or the analysis time-scales (wavelet). The second analysis is interested in the determination and the evaluation of severity of a defect detected to estimate the influence of this defect on the operation of a mechanism. The scalar indicators which make it possible to estimate the gravity of a defect are indicators known as total which are based on the statistical analysis of a temporal signal. However, the signals resulting from accelerometer sensors are the results of a mixture of sources of vibrations, sources being able to be allotted to one or more defects and are generally polluted by noise. This work presents the three principal methods of denoising and the study of their influence on the scalar parameters (kurtosis, factor peak, value rms) and this within the framework of the detection of defects of the chippings types of bearings.     

基于径向基点插值法的旋转Mindlin板高次刚柔耦合动力学模型

将无网格径向基点插值法(radial point interpolation method,RPIM)用于中心刚体?旋转柔性板的动力学分析.基于浮动坐标系方法和一阶剪切变形理论即Mindlin板理论,考虑剪切变形的影响,并计入板面内变形的非线性耦合变形项,采用径向基点插值法描述板的变形场,保留动能中有关非线性耦合变形项...     

Effects of grain boundary on irradiation-induced zero-dimensional defects in an irradiated copper

Grain boundaries(GBs) can serve as effective sinks for radiation-induced defects, thus notably influencing the service performance of materials. However, the effect of GB structures on the zero-dimensional defects induced by irradiation has not been fully elucidated. Here, the evolution of cascade collision in the single-crystal(SC),bicrystalline(BC), and twinned crystalline(TC) copper is studied by atomic simulations during irradiation. The spatial distributions of vacancies and interstitials a...