基于双重自适应的六面体网格再生成方法

提出了一种以栅格法为基本方法,基于几何特征和物理场量双重自适应的六面体网格再生成方法。首先,依据旧网格的表面曲率和几何特征,采用基于栅格法的几何自适应网格再生成方法,生成密度受控的基础网格;然后,将旧网格的物理场量传递到基础网格中;最后,采用有限元误差估计方法对新网格单元的计算误差进行估计,对误差较大的单元进行加密,减...     

多特征几何体的全六面体网格自动生成方法

有限元分析的精度和效率与网格划分的质量有直接关系.目前尚缺乏一种普适性的自动网格划分方法,尤其是对于具有多种几何特征的复杂模型,现有的六面体网格自动划分算法存在不同几何特征间的网格兼容性较差以及孔状特征周围网格质量不高的问题.对此本文提出一种基于映射法的六面体网格自动生成方法,在映射法的基本框架下,将物理空间中的复杂几何体映射为计算空间中的规则几何体,引入边界顶点分类,将复杂几何体边界进行简化,将子域约束进行连接,寻找贯穿边界,以使映射网格在约束特征间兼容;对圆弧特征进行等效转化,降低曲率过大对于网格过渡的影响.实例验证表明,本方法稳定可靠,生成的六面体网格质量较高,能够解决多特征复杂几何体六面体网格自动划分问题.     

基于转换模板的三维实体全六面体网格生成方法

以四面体一六面体基本转换模板为基础,提出一系列具有伸缩性的扩展转换模板．可根据需要选择不同模板及其组合,将四面体分解为不同数量、不同密度过渡形式的六面体单元。这样,初始四面体网格不需要划分得很细,生成的六面体单元数量也可以通过采用不同规格的扩展转换模板而得到控制。提出了基于CAD几何造型的边界节点坐标修正方法．从而使边界网格更好地拟合几何模型边界。     

基于有限元弹性变形运算的全六面体网格生成方法研究

以映射法为基础并结合网格划分经验,提出了原理简单的六面体网格生成新办法.该方法根据物体轮廓选择初始网格,设定表面结点强制变形到目的曲面,经由有限元弹性计算确定内部节点的位置.在检查全体单元质量以后,调整畸形单元从而生成目的网格.通过为一个复杂的马头门模型构建全六面体网格,最后证明了本文所述方法的可行性.     

二维自适应网格生成的改进AFT与背景网格法

在基于重生成的自适应有限元网格生成算法研究中,将推进波前法（AFT）与背景网格法结合并提出改进方法,有效地解决了网格生成和单元尺寸计算这两个关键问题。改进的AFT方法,将前沿区分为活跃前沿和非活跃前沿两类,在选取目标前沿时既考虑前沿尺寸又考虑前沿分类。改进的背景网格法,利用结构化栅格对背景网格进行管理,在栅格中直接存放背景网格中的单元,既提高了新单元尺寸的计算速度,又从数值上保证了新生成网格中单元之间尺寸合理过渡。     

岩石、混凝土类材料断裂破坏有限元数值模拟中的有效方法

岩石、混凝土类材料断裂破坏有限元数值模拟中的网格重划,依据单元畸变和裂缝介质间的单元干涉作为网格重划判据,采用几何体重构技术把几何实体分解成能在ANSYS上实现六面体网格划分的几个部分,利用体积判断法确定新结点在旧单元的单元编号,在场量传递上采用基于解析性质的等参有限元逆变换,把旧网格场量信息传递到新网格中。本文对ANSYS进行二次开发,实现了三维网格重划,网格重划采用单元畸变和界面干涉两个判据,在网格再划分前进行几何体重构,提取变形后的点线面信息重新生成实体,充分利用AN-SYS的函数和体积判断法找到新结点在旧网格中的位置,在新旧网格间的场量传递中采用基于解析逆等参单元法。在平台上实现了三维有限元网格重划技术,最后利用方料的单轴压缩断裂模拟计算检验了传递前后等效塑性应变分布用载荷信息的变化,证明了所开发系统的正确性。     

用逐点插入法生成Delaunay四面体自适应网格

介绍一种基于Delaunay算法的四面体自适应网格的自动划分方法。该方法用单元尺度场控制生成网格的疏密分布,在不满足尺度场要求的单元面形心处插入新节点,同时计算新节点单元尺寸参数,实现三维实体的Delaunay四面体自动划分。此方法具有几个特点:一是表面网格与体内网格同步划分,无需区分两者;二是结点与单元同时生成;三是生成网格自适应性好,疏密分布任意。另外,还介绍了三维网格划分中两个相关算法:一个是约束面恢复算法,该算法基于约束面不允许有单元边与之相交的性质而提出的;另一个是将二维射线法推广至三维空间,判断一个点是否在一多面体内,实现了凹多面体的划分。最后通过算例对单元质量进行了评价。本文所述方法是一种有效的四面体自适应单元生成算法。     

基于AFT-Delaunay的二维解耦并行网格生成算法

面向平面任意几何区域网格生成,提出了一种将波前法AFT(Advancing Front Technique)与Delaunay法相结合的解耦并行网格生成算法。算法主要思想是沿着求解几何区域惯性轴,采用扩展的AFT-Delaunay算法生成高质量三角形网格墙,递归地将几何区域动态划分成多个彼此解耦的子区域;采用OpenMP多线程并行技术,将子区域分配给多个CPU并行生成子区域网格;子区域内部的网格生成复用AFT-Delaunay算法,保证了生成网格的质量、效率和一致性要求。本算法优先生成几何边界与交界面网格,有利于提高有限元计算精度;各个子区域的网格生成彼此完全解耦,因此并行网格生成过程无需通信。该方法克服了并行交界面网格质量恶化难题,且具有良好的并行加速比,能够全自动、高效率地并行生成高质量的三角网格。     

三维六面体有限元网格自动划分中的一种单元转换优化算法

本文采用十节点曲边四面体转换为六面体网格,并采用非线性约束优化算法取Ｌａｐｌａｃｉａｎ光滑处理算法有效地提高六面体单元的质量,实现了对任意实体的六面体网格自动划分。     

并行有限元网格生成方法及其应用

大型工程数值仿真中,在前处理阶段需要生成千万甚至亿量级的网格,传统的串行网格生成方法由于内存和时间的限制,难以处理如此规模的网格。针对此问题,本文提出了一种大规模网格并行生成方法。首先基于推进波前法对几何模型进行初始体网格划分,接着利用图论理论进行区域分解,并通过表面单元恢复保持其几何精度,然后通过分裂法进行网格的并行生成。将所述方法应用到实际大型工程数值仿真前处理阶段,结果表明所述方法可以获得较好的并行效率,同时所产生的网格质量可以满足后续计算需要。     

Remaillage adaptatif pour la mise en forme des tôles minces

Problems associated with finite element simulation of the forming processes are characterized by large elastoplastic deformations, evolutive contact with friction, geometrical nonlinearities inducing a severe distortion of the computational mesh of the domain. In this case, frequent remeshing of the deformed domain during computation are necessary to obtain an accurate solution and complete the computation until the termination of the numerical simulation process. This Note presents a new adaptive remeshing method of thin sheets for numerical simulation of metal forming processes. The proposed method is based on geometrical criteria and does not use the geometry of the forming tools. It is integrated in a computational environment using the ABAQUS solver. Numerical examples are given to show the efficiency of our approach. To cite this article: L. Moreau et al., C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).     

A particle swarm optimization approach for hexahedral mesh smoothing

There are some approaches for all‐hexahedral mesh quality improvement by means of node‐movement while preserving the connectivity. Among these methods, the most easily implemented and well known one is the Laplacian smoothing method; however, for this method mesh quality improvement is not guaranteed in all cases, and this approach might cause inverted elements especially in concave regions. In this work, a method for the improvement of hexahedral mesh shape‐quality without causing inverted elements is proposed; which is based on optimization of an objective function calculated by means of the individual qualities of hexahedral elements in the mesh. The shape‐quality for each hexahedral element is defined via the condition number of the relevant element. The numerical optimization scheme is the particle swarm optimization method, which originated from observations related to the social behaviors of bird, insect, or fish colonies. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the applicability of this approach to mesh smoothing. Some examples are given in order to demonstrate the applicability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非连续问题中单元分割的模板方法

扩展有限元法 (extended finite element method, XFEM) 因具有裂纹几何独立于模拟网格、裂纹扩展时无需网格重分重映、计算精度高等优点,成为裂纹分析的主流数值方法之一. 但该方法在工程实践中存在单元被裂纹分割的几何困难 —— 现有精确几何分割方法实现复杂、计算量大、鲁棒性差. 为克服这一困难, 本文提出一种基于单元水平集的模板分割方法, 用于非连续单元子剖分和数值积分. 首先, 遍历单元水平集值所有形态并建立标准单元分割模板库; 然后, 根据单元水平集值, 对非标准单元进行形态查询和模板插值; 最后, 套用标准单元分割模板实现单元高效分割和子剖分. 将该方法与常规XFEM、改进型XFEM进行结合,从而应用于孔洞、夹杂、裂纹等非连续问题分析中. 算例分析表明, 本文提出的模板分割方法具有较高计算精度. 由于不引入复杂几何操作, 该模板分割方法同时具有较高计算效率和鲁棒性, 故可为XFEM类方法在实际工程应用中提供有效支撑.      

基于图像四叉树的改进型比例边界有限元法研究

为提高数值计算的精度, 断裂力学问题的数值模拟需要在裂纹扩展的局部区域采用较密的网格, 而远离裂纹扩展的区域可采用较疏的网格, 且对于裂纹扩展问题的数值模拟, 大多数数值方法又存在局部网格重剖分的问题. 论文提出了一种基于图像四叉树的改进型比例边界有限元法用于模拟裂纹扩展问题, 该方法可根据结构域几何外边界的图像全自动进行四叉树网格剖分, 无需任何人工干预, 网格剖分效率极高, 由于比例边界有限元法本身的优势, 四叉树网格的悬挂节点可以直接地视为新的节点, 无需任何特殊处理. 通过引入虚节点的思想, 将裂纹与四叉树单元边界交叉点作为虚节点, 虚节点的自由度作为附加自由度处理, 并采用水平集函数表征材料内部的裂纹面, 含不连续裂纹面的子域可通过节点水平集函数识别, 使得裂纹扩展时无需进行网格重剖分, 界面的几何特征通过比例边界有限元子域的附加自由度表征. 最后, 通过若干算例验证了该方法的性能, 建议的改进型比例边界有限元法在求解复合型应力强度因子和模拟材料内部裂纹扩展路径时均具有较高的精度.      

岩土材料应变局部化的有限元分析方法

采用有限单元法分析岩土材料的应变局部化时经常会遇到单元尺寸敏感性问题和网格锁定问题。自适应网格技术能够有效地解决网格锁定问题,但仍然无法克服计算结果对单元尺寸的依赖性,尽管在一维情况下被证明是可行的。复合体理论(均匀化理论)和弱非连续有限元方法可以成功地解决岩土材料的单元尺寸敏感性问题,在一维情况下两类方法实际上是一致的。本文针对岩土材料应变局部化的有限元新技术所存在的若干问题进行了详细的讨论,并给出了有关算例。     

The integration of geometric modelling with finite element analysis for the computer-aided design of castings

This paper considers the problem of interfacing geometric modelling with finite element analysis in the numerical simulation of the casting process. It is shown that geometrical modellers are capable of describing uniquely the shape of the most complex cast object and that finite element meshes may be constructed within the component. However, such a mesh is defined by the geometry of the object and, hence, may not be the ideal for subsequent simulations. This difficulty is overcome by the use of an adaptive mesh created during the finite element analysis on the basis of information provided by the current solution. The fundamental background to adaptive mesh generation is presented together with the details of its implementation. The method is then applied to the calculation of the flow into a mould cavity from which the accuracy and efficiency of the method is demonstrated. It is concluded that the technique is viable for use with computer-aided design tools for the foundry industry.     

Adaptive strategy of the supersonic turbulent flow over a backward‐facing step

An adaptive strategy incorporating mesh remeshing and refining is developed to study the supersonic turbulent flow over a backward‐facing step on a mixed quadrilateral–triangular mesh. In the Cartesian co‐ordinate system, the unsteady Favre‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a low‐Reynolds‐number k–εturbulence model are solved using a locally implicit scheme with an anisotropic dissipation model. In the present adaptive strategy, two error indicators for both mesh remeshing and refining, respectively, are presented. The remeshing error indicator incorporates unified magnitude of substantial derivative of pressure and that of vorticity magnitude, whereas the refining error indicator incorporates unified magnitude of substantial derivative of pressure and that of weighted vorticity magnitude. To assess the present approach, the transonic turbulent flow around an NACA 0012 airfoil is performed. Based on the comparison with the experimental data, the accuracy of the present approach is confirmed. According to the high‐resolutional result on the adaptive mesh, the structure of backstep corner vortex, expansion wave and oblique shock wave is distinctly captured. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel 3D geometrical reconstruction method for aluminum foams and FEM modeling of the material response

A novel method for modeling cellular materials is proposed based on MATLAB image processing and synchrotron X-ray computed tomography scanning to obtain an accurate calculation result of aluminum foam based on finite element model. The maximum entropy algorithm is employed to obtain the binarization image, and the median filtering algorithm is used to reduce the noise after binarization. The external contour and internal pores boundary is extracted by the “edge” function in MATLAB, and the geometrical model is reconstructed. A two-step mesh algorithm is adopted to mesh the reconstructed geometrical model. Accordingly, the finite element model of aluminum foam is established by the proposed method based on reconstruction geometrical model. The compression behavior of aluminum foam is obtained at 25°C, 100°C, 200°C by ABAQUS, and good agreements with experiments are achieved by applying the present reconstruction algorithm and modeling method.