带边框承重墙板的应力分析

本文讨论周界用边框加固的承重墙板局部应力集中现象和整个应力分布情况.所用方法是以满足板的双调和方程为基础,运用最小余能原理,达到板与框架的位移协调一致.     

草方格治沙的奥秘

根据最小作用量原理、耗散结构理论以及分形等理论,认识沙丘的生成、沙漠表面的形状特征以及草方格的治沙功能.     

GAUSS PRINCIPLE OF LEAST CONSTRAINT IN GENERALIZED COORDINATES AND ITS GENERALIZATION

当采用广义坐标描述系统的运动时,相比质点形式的高斯最小拘束原理,通过广义坐标形式的高斯最小拘束原理来建立动力学优化模型,计算效率更高. 从高斯原理的变分形式出发推导了广义坐标形式的高斯最小拘束原理,并研究了非理想约束、单边约束及刚体碰撞情形下的高斯最小拘束原理的形式. 研究认为:对刚体碰撞情形下,高斯最小拘束原理不能取代碰撞恢复定律,碰撞恢复定律以碰撞后广义速度的约束方程形式起作用.     

热释电体非保守动力学系统的守恒定律

以Noether定理为基础,系统地研究热机电耦合的热释电体非保守动力学系统的守恒定律,引进熵流矢量和温度耗散函数描述热释电体系统的耗散现象,提出了热释电体非保衬动力学系统的Lagrange函数以及广义Hamilton最小作用量原理,论证了不变性变换群的存在条件,提出了并证明了广义Noether定理,由此得到了一组守恒定律及J。M积分。     

只是发现权之争吗？—也谈最小作用量原理之争

只是发现权之争吗？—也谈最小作用量原理之争潘轺湘（中国科学院岩土力学研究所，武汉４３００７１）近代力学史上，有一场争论曾引起过许多学者的关注，这就是１８世纪发生在欧洲的最小作用量原理之争。因为争论的参战者大多是声名赫赫的大学者，甚至还有一位封建君主，...     

只是发现权之争吗？—也谈最小作用量原理之争

只是发现权之争吗？—也谈最小作用量原理之争潘轺湘（中国科学院岩土力学研究所，武汉４３００７１）近代力学史上，有一场争论曾引起过许多学者的关注，这就是１８世纪发生在欧洲的最小作用量原理之争。因为争论的参战者大多是声名赫赫的大学者，甚至还有一位封建君主，...     

关于非完整系统分析动力学的某些问题

0.引言本报告包括非完整系统动力学领域内某些研究结果的综述。在从Hertz和Holder论文开始的浩瀚文献中,经常有变分原理和Jacobi方法对非完整系统适用性的相反提法。基于D’Alembert-Lagrange原理,我们在这里给出动力学积分原理的单一证明和分析。证明了Hamilton原理的各种形式等价性。给出了Hamilton作用量、Lagrange作用量和Jacobi作用量的稳定的充要条件,同样给出对运动方程积分的广义Jacobi方法适用的充要条件。得到了扩充的位形空间和相空间中运动的参数方程。这些参数方程代表了冲量-能量矢量的方     

塑性损伤本构模型的自由能势函数研究

自由能势函数是不可逆热力学量及其共轭量的标量泛函,是广义标准材料模型的重要组成.论文根据损伤状态、过程、作用和伪势的定义和定理,分析了损伤耗散势的数学和物理含义,探讨了损伤耗散势的理论基础和描述耗散势的一般理论方法.研究了耗散势、损伤作用和自由能势函数的相互关系,给出了满足上述基本原理的自由能表达式,基于增量最小原理的变分形式得到了损伤理论基本方程的数值离散方程,实验模拟验证了该文理论和数值方法的正确性和有效性.     

应变网络分析的新方法

本文提出了一种处理应变网络数据以确定某点应力状态的新方法,并推导了计算公式.该法主要是运用最小二乘原理,考虑若干约束条件,对应变网络测量数据进行处理,达到充分利用实验信息,提高处理精度的目的.实例表明,效果良好,有一定应用价值.     

切应力协同下受热过冷层流液膜的破断特性

针对界面切应力协同下受热过冷层流液膜流动的破断过程, 建立了不同气液流向下的临界液膜厚度和最小润湿量的理论模型, 分析了不同驱动力作用下, 接触角、流体温度、界面切应力和壁面热流密度对液膜破断特性的影响. 研究表明: 临界液膜厚度和最小润湿量均随壁面热流密度的增加而增大; 重力驱动下的接触角影响在不同热流密度下有所不同, 流体温度在不同驱动力下对最小润湿量的影响截然相反; 同向切应力驱动下临界液膜厚度和最小润湿量随切应力增加而减小; 在重力和切应力协同驱动下, 同向切应力对最小润湿量的影响与重力和切应力所起作用的相对大小有关, 反向切应力使得临界液膜厚度和最小润湿量有所增大.      

Comparative study of two lattice Boltzmann multiphase models for simulating wetting phenomena: implementing static contact angles based on the geometric formulation

Wetting phenomena are widespread in nature and industrial applications. In general, systems concerning wetting phenomena are typical multicomponent/multiphase complex fluid systems. Simulating the behavior of such systems is important to both scientific research and practical applications. It is challenging due to the complexity of the phenomena and difficulties in choosing an appropriate numerical method. To provide some detailed guidelines for selecting a suitable multiphase lattice Boltzmann model, two kinds of lattice Boltzmann multiphase models, the modified S-C model and the H-C-Z model, are used in this paper to investigate the static contact angle on solid surfaces with different wettability combined with the geometric formulation (Ding, H. and Spelt, P. D. M. Wetting condition in diffuse interface simulations of contact line motion. Physical Review E, 75(4), 046708 (2007)). The specific characteristics and computational performance of these two lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) multiphase models are analyzed including relationship between surface tension and the control parameters, the achievable range of the static contact angle, the maximum magnitude of the spurious currents (MMSC), and most importantly, the convergence rate of the two models on simulating the static contact angle. The results show that a wide range of static contact angles from wetting to non-wetting can be realized for both models. MMSC mainly depends on the surface tension. With the numerical parameters used in this work, the maximum magnitudes of the spurious currents of the two models are on the same order of magnitude. MMSC of the S-C model is universally larger than that of the H-C-Z model. The convergence rate of the S-C model is much faster than that of the H-C-Z model. The major foci in this work are the frequently-omitted important details in simulating wetting phenomena. Thus, the major findings in this work can provide suggestions for simulating wetting phenomena with LBM multiphase models along with the geometric formulation.     

Numerical simulation of isothermal nonwetting

A numerical simulation of isothermal wetting suppression in the presence of shear is considered during which wetting may be prevented when a drop approaches a moving wall. Air is driven into the passage between the solid and liquid surfaces by viscous action, preventing wetting. Silicone‐oil and water drops are investigated for different wall velocities and wall distances. The droplet dimples at the upstream side and bulges at the downstream side when nonwetting occurs. The free‐surface deformation can be enlarged by either increasing the wall velocity or decreasing the wall distance. The low‐viscosity silicone‐oil used in these calculations is much more sensitive to shear wetting suppression than is water, because the Weber number of the silicone‐oil is larger than that of water. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Effect of Isopropyl Alcohol and Non-Ionic Surfactant Mixtures on the Wetting of Porous Coated Paper

The influence of isopropyl alcohol and non-ionic surfactant solutions on aqueous droplet wetting behaviour on porous coated paper was determined. Paper coatings provide a micro- and nano-porous surface structure, which strictly speaking cannot be described in simple roughness terms as sub-surface lateral absorption directly impacts on the apparent contact angle. It is this very deviation from an idealised system that leads to novel wetting phenomena. Isopropyl alcohol and surfactant-based systems, both of which are commonly used in the printing industry, show differences in wetting behaviour, on both short and long timescales, with changes in the relative composition of the mixtures. Small variations of 0.1?wt% in surfactant concentration have a dramatic influence on the dynamic surface tension, and thus the wetting. It was observed that the wetting kinetics for isopropyl alcohol and surfactant solutions were different in terms of both wetting area and the penetration rate, even in cases where the dynamic surface tension of the solutions was kept the same. Different stages in the wetting and following drying processes could be observed with near infrared spectral imaging. In addition, the surfactant chemistries such as their degrees of hydrophilicity and molecular weights generated comparative differences in the wetting kinetics. The dominating factor affecting the wetting was, as expected, the solid?Cliquid interfacial energy defined on the practical porous substrate, which differed from the direct comparison with dynamic surface tension, thus exemplifying the deviation from idealised surface roughness behaviour when considering porous materials. An apparent ??equivalent?? surface roughness value for the porous material was determined, and it was seen that an increase in this equivalent parameter enhanced the rate of wetting behaviour with decreasing solution surface tension, and so also affected the wetting evolution. The wetting was enhanced by cavities in the coating layer, which were enlarged by the penetrating liquids.     

Dissipative particle dynamics simulation of wettability alternation phenomena in the chemical flooding process

Wettability alternation phenomena is considered one of the most important enhanced oil recovery （EOR） mechanisms in the chemical flooding process and induced by the adsorption of surfactant on the rock surface. These phenomena are studied by a mesoscopic method named as dissipative particle dynamics （DPD）. Both the alteration phenomena of water-wet to oil-wet and that of oil-wet to water-wet are simulated based on reasonable definition of interaction parameters between beads. The wetting hysteresis phenomenon and the process of oil-drops detachment from rock surfaces with different wettability are simulated by adding long-range external forces on the fluid particles. The simulation results show that, the oil drop is liable to spread on the oil-wetting surface and move in the form of liquid film flow, whereas it is likely to move as a whole on the waterwetting surface. There are the same phenomena occuring in wettability-alternated cases. The results also show that DPD method provides a feasible approach to the problems of seepage flow with physicochemical phenomena and can be used to study the mechanism of EOR of chemical flooding.     

Hamiltonian formulation of nonlinear water waves in a two-fluid system

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Spontaneous Inertial Imbibition in Porous Media Using a Fractal Representation of Pore Wall Rugosity

Considering the separable phenomena of imbibition in complex fine porous media as a function of timescale, it is noted that there are two discrete imbibition rate regimes when expressed in the Lucas–Washburn (L–W) equation. Commonly, to account for this deviation from the single equivalent hydraulic capillary, experimentalists propose an effective contact angle change. In this work, we consider rather the general term of the Wilhelmy wetting force regarding the wetting line length, and apply a proposed increase in the liquid–solid contact line and wetting force provided by the introduction of surface meso/nanoscale structure to the pore wall roughness. An experimental surface pore wall feature size regarding the rugosity area is determined by means of capillary condensation during nitrogen gas sorption in a ground calcium carbonate tablet compact. On this nano size scale, a fractal structure of pore wall is proposed to characterize for the internal rugosity of the porous medium. Comparative models based on the Lucas–Washburn and Bosanquet inertial absorption equations, respectively, for the short timescale imbibition are constructed by applying the extended wetting line length and wetting force to the equivalent hydraulic capillary observed at the long timescale imbibition. The results comparing the models adopting the fractal structure with experimental imbibition rate suggest that the L–W equation at the short timescale cannot match experiment, but that the inertial plug flow in the Bosanquet equation matches the experimental results very well. If the fractal structure can be supported in nature, then this stresses the role of the inertial term in the initial stage of imbibition. Relaxation to a smooth-walled capillary then takes place over the longer timescale as the surface rugosity wetting is overwhelmed by the pore condensation and film flow of the liquid ahead of the bulk wetting front, and thus to a smooth walled capillary undergoing permeation viscosity-controlled flow.     

Experimental study of spray cooling performance on micro-porous coated surfaces

Experiments on evaporative spray cooling of flat heaters with plain and micro-porous coated surfaces were performed in this study. Micro-porous coated surfaces were made by using the DOM [Diamond particle, Omegabond 101, Methyl-Ethyl-Keton] coating method. In pure air-jet cooling, micro-porous coating did not show heat transfer improvement over plain surface. In spray cooling, however, three different flow patterns (complete wetting, evaporative wetting and dryout) were observed on both plain and micro-porous coated surfaces. The effects of various operating conditions, such as water flow rate, particle size, and coating thickness on the micro-porous coated surface were investigated. It was found that the level of surface wetting was an important factor in determining the performance of spray cooling. The level of surface wetting depended on the balance between the amount of liquid absorbed by capillary force over porosity and the amount of liquid evaporated. A micro-porous coated surface has a very high cooling capacity, especially in the evaporative wetting zone. The liquid flow rate and coating thickness are significant factors in the evaporative wetting zone, but are not in the complete wetting zone and the dryout zone.     

A URI 4-Node quadrilateral element by assumed strain

In this paper one-point quadrature ““““assumed strain““““ mixed element formulation based on the Hu-Washizu variational principle is presented. Special care is taken to avoid hourglass modes and volumetric locking as well as shear locking. The assumed strain fields are constructed so that those portions of the fields which lead to volumetric and shear locking phenomena are eliminated by projection, while the implementation of the proposed URI scheme is straightforward to suppress hourglass modes. In order to treat geometric nonlinearities simply and efficiently, a corotational coordinate system is used. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the suggested formulation, including nonlinear static/dynamic mechanical problems.     

A consistent boundary element method for free surface hydrodynamic calculations

Free surface phenomena are described by equations that exhibit two types of non-linearities. The first is inherent to the equations themselves and the second is caused by the application of boundary conditions at a free surface at an unknown location. Numerical calculations usually do not specifically recognize the second non-linearity, nor treat it in a fashion consistent with the more obvious non-linearities in the boundary conditions. A consistent formulation is introduced in the present paper. The field equation is integrated and the free surface boundary conditions are applied on the unknown geometry by means of appropriate series expansions. The consistent formulation introduces improvements in accuracy and computing speed. The method is demonstrated on several hydrodynamic free surface problems and an error analysis is included.     

Nonlinear beam formulation incorporating surface energy and size effect: application in nano-bridges

A nonlinear beam formulation is presented based on the Gurtin-Murdoch surface elasticity and the modified couple stress theory. The developed model theoretically takes into account coupled effects of the energy of surface layer and microstructures sizedependency. The mid-plane stretching of a beam is incorporated using von-Karman nonlinear strains. Hamilton’s principle is used to determine the nonlinear governing equation of motion and the corresponding boundary conditions. As a case study, pull-in instability of an electromechanical nano-bridge structure is studied using the proposed formulation. The nonlinear governing equation is solved by the analytical reduced order method (ROM) as well as the numerical solution. Effects of various parameters including surface layer, size dependency, dispersion forces, and structural damping on the pullin parameters of the nano-bridges are discussed. Comparison of the results with the literature reveals capability of the present model in demonstrating the impact of nanoscale phenomena on the pull-in threshold of the nano-bridges.