焦散线法及其与应力“解冻”相结合的应用

详细地阐述了焦散线法原理，对焦散线的形成作了说明，简述了焦散线法在平面问题中的应用，结合笔者研究工作介绍了将焦散线法拓广应用于三维问题的关键技术和实例。     

I型焦散线图象的微机自动处理

根据焦散线的原理，分析了Ｉ型焦散线实验图象的特点，提出确定图像中焦散线位置的准则，基于此准则的微机图象处理，可自动精确测量Ｉ型焦散线的最大直径。     

焦散线法对双折射材料断裂性能的研究

提出了双折射材料Ⅰ-Ⅱ混合型裂纹问题焦散线的形成原理,讨论了μ(=K_I/K_I)及光学各向异性系数ξ对焦散线形状及其几个特征量的影响,得到了双折射材料应力强度因子K_Ⅰ、K_Ⅱ的求法.以聚碳酸脂、环氧树脂为例,确定了它们在不同裂纹及不同载荷条件下的应力强度因子K_Ⅰ、K_Ⅱ.     

Ⅰ型焦散线图象的微机自动处理

根据焦散线的原理,分析了Ⅰ型焦散线实验图象的特点,提出确定图像中焦散线位置的准则。基于此准则的微机图象处理,可自动精确测量Ⅰ型焦散线的最大直径。     

动态焦散线实验方法及其在断裂力学中的应用

焦散线法是Manogg在1964年提出来的,现已发展成一个主要的断裂力学实验方法。国内近些年对焦散线法的兴趣也日益浓厚,但由于设备条件的限制,仍限于静态的断裂实验。本文研究了动态焦散线法在断裂力学中的     

动态焦散线实验方法及其在断裂力学中的应用

焦散线法是Manogg在1964年提出来的,现已发展成一个主要的断裂力学实验方法。国内近些年对焦散线法的兴趣也日益浓厚,但由于设备条件的限制,仍限于静态的断裂实验。本文研究了动态焦散线法在断裂力学中的 ...     

裂纹扩展速度对焦散线的影响和动态应力光学常数的测定

本文从焦散线形成原理的数学描述出发,用扩展裂纹尖端附近的应力分量表达式,在前人工作的基础上,作了详细的数值计算。特别分析了裂纹扩展速度对焦散斑和初始曲线的形状、大小的影响,为测量扩展裂纹尖端的动态应力强度因子K_1~d提供了依据,并通过拟合得到了以裂纹扩展速度为参量的修正因子表达式。本文还提出了一种测定透明材料动态应力光学常数的方法,并用这一方法测定了有机玻璃的动态应力光学常数。     

测定裂纹尖端形状和张开位移的实验研究

本文提出了用焦散线法、伪焦散线法和计算机技术相结合测定裂纹尖端形状和张开位移的方法，推导出张开型裂纹尖端形状方程，为确定原始裂纹尖端的张开位移，提供了一种全新的光学测量方法．     

确定应力强度因子的光弹性法与焦散线法

以光弹性法及焦散线法的基本原理为基础,对两种方法在确定应力强度因子方面进行了比较。发现对于纯I型裂纹问题,光弹性法的精度低于焦散线法的精度;对于I－Ⅱ混合型裂纹问题,就张开型应力强度因子而言,光弹性法的精度低于焦散线法的精度,而就滑移型应力强度因子而言,光弹性法的精度高于焦散线法的精度。     

确定裂纹尖端形状及张开位移的焦散线—伪焦散线法实验研究

本文根据反射式焦散线－伪焦散线法和弹塑性断裂力学的基本原理，推导出裂纹尖端形状方程，为测量裂纹尖端的张开位移，提供一种全新的实验方法，本文还引用实例来进行验证．     

Experimental method of dynamic caustics and its application in fracture mechanics

The equation of static and dynamic caustics, and the formulae determining the position of crack tip and stress intensity factor are given. It is proven that for the case of low speed of crack propagation the static formula is applicable in calculation. A simple method to measure the static stress-optical constants is proposed. An Optical system which is suitable for the experiments of dynamic caustics was set-up and used to study the fracture in beam and rings with initial crack under impact loading. A series of dynamic caustics' photographs and curves showing the variations of corresponding crack lengths and dynamic stress intensity factors with time, are presented.     

焦散线法求解裂纹应力强度因子的两种改进方法

为提高焦散线法求解应力强度因子的精度，提出了两种基于多点非线性最小二乘法的改进方法。文中推导了控制方程，编制了程序，阐述了实验技术。作为应用实例，对三种典型裂纹试件作了测试与处理。结果表明，用本文方法处理的结果比文［１］经典法的结果有很大改进。作者还对图像处理用于焦散线法应力强度因子的提取作了初步探讨［５     

Inter-contact force analysis of impacted disk assembly by dynamic caustics

The caustic method was utilized to study the contact force transmission in disk assemblies under impact load. The mapping equations were obtained based on the first invariant of the stress components in the disk subject to a normal concentrated force, and a characteristic dimension of the maximum size in the caustic curve was proposed to evaluate the contact force between the disks. Transient patterns of the caustic shadows were recorded by means of a high-speed camera of off-focus imaging, then the histories of the inter-contact forces among the disks were obtained with respect to the conditions of different masses and heights of the falling hammers. The influence of the impact loading and impulsive velocity was analyzed with respect to the force responses of the disk assembly, the double-peak phenomenon with comparison to the initial masses, and the energy dissipation of the systems under impact of different momentums. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10125211)     

反射焦散线实验中斜入射光对应力强度因子测试精度的影响

本文用空间解析几何方法,推导了在一般非平行斜入射光条件下,裂纹体表面所形成的反射焦散线和初始曲线的方程.分析了倾斜入射光造成的焦散线畸变,给出了这种畸变造成的裂端应力强度因子测量误差的解析表达式.     

水泥石动态断裂韧性的实验研究

采用反射式动态焦散线法研究水泥石在高速冲击下的动态断裂韧性。针对现有的水泥石材料,分析了不同填料对水泥石断裂韧性的影响,为工程实际应用提供可靠的理论依据。     

Internal waves around a disturbance in a fluid with arbitrary stratification and background shear flow

A three-dimensional ray theory is presented for calculating the phase configuration of internal waves around a moving disturbance in a flow with arbitrary stratification and background shear. The theory is applied to two-dimensional stratified shear flows which have been produced in the laboratory and good agreement is shown between the theoretical and experimental phase configurations. Good agreement is also shown when caustics and critical levels are present. This paper includes the wave systems arising from a combined translation and oscillatory motion of a source and it shows how distinct systems of waves arise from each, type of motion under different background conditions. This paper shows that for two-dimensional steady wave systems the critical level is at a well defined height which is independent of wavenumber but in three dimensions the critical height can in general vary with wavenumber.     

焦散线—光弹性方法原理及应用

本文介绍焦散线-光弹性方法,在一次曝光时,能记录焦散线和光弹性二种信息,具有光路简单,信息丰富等优点,利用实验结果不仅能确定断裂力学中的应力强度因子 K_I,而且进一步能分离裂尖附近的主应力分量,同时讨论了与该方法有关的一些问题。     

Effects of the curvature radius of a cylindrical shell on the stress intensity factors of surface cracks

The effects of the curvature radius of a cylindrical shell on stress intensity factors are investigated in circumferential (inner and outer) semielliptical surface cracks in a cylindrical shell. What is new in this paper is to have given: (1) The stress intensity factors for surface cracks in a cylindircal shell are determined by photoelastic technique. (2) By a special method photoelastic slices are handled for obtaining a clear caustic curve, and the stress intensity factors for surface cracks in a cylindrical shell are determined by the caustic method. (3) An approximate equation of curvature correction factor F_c is proposed. (4) Effects of the curvature radius R of a cylindrical shell on the stress intensity factors of surface cracks are obtained. The results of this paper are in fair agreement with already existing analytical results. The approximate equation of curvature correction factor F_c can be widely used for engineering purposes.     

Determination of the dynamic stress intensity factorsK I d andK II d,for a mixed-mode propagating crack

In this paper, the dynamic propagation problem of a mixed-mode crack was studied by means of the experimental method of caustics. The initial curve and caustic equations were derived under the mixed-mode dynamic condition. A multi-point measurement method for determining the dynamic stress intensity factors,K _I ^d , andK _II ^d , and the position of the crack tip was developed. Several other methods were adopted to check this method, and showed that it has a good precision. Finally, the dynamic propagating process of a mixed-mode crack in the three-point bending beam specimen was investigated with our method.