正交曲线坐标系下紊流数学模型的曲率修正

考虑弯曲边界曲率效应对水流水力特性的影响,建立了正交曲线坐标系下的素流数学模型。通过计算实例说明,该数学模型能够很好地帷有复杂边界的流线弯曲水流的水力特性。     

实验研究湍流附面层分离

本文应用二维激光多普勒测速技术和压强探针测量了二元非对称曲面扩张通道内的湍流附面层分离,得到了时均速度、流动平均方向角、正反向间歇流动因子以及静压分布.实验结果表明:附面层沿高度方向存在着明显的压强差,并可用位移厚度曲率做二阶近似修正.分离附面层的位移厚度曲率极大值对应于间歇瞬时分离点.瞬时流动平均方向角与正反向间歇流动因子成线性变化.     

高坝挑流冲刷坑中掺气水流的流速量测及其特性分析

本文研究了利用热膜技术量测掺气水流的时均流速和紊动结构有关的技术问题，首次成功地量测了三峡溢流坝模型冲坑中掺气水流的时均流速与脉动流速，并对脉动流速和脉动压强的相关关系作了分析研究，把目前冲坑水流特性的研究推进了一步，对研究冲刷过程和探讨消能机理有重要的理论价值与实际意义     

弯道水流二维浅水模型的修正研究

借鉴有关弯道水流流速分布的研究成果,计入深度平均流速与真实流流速分布差值引起的扩散效应,在正交曲线坐标系下建立了平面二维浅水模型.采用以标准κ-ε模型为基础的曲率效应修正紊流模型模拟紊动应力项,在一定程度上考虑了流线弯曲水流紊动应力的各向异性.应用控制体积法和交错网格法离散方程,并用SIMPLEC算法求解离散方程;同时采用修正后的模型对90°弯道水流进行了数值模拟,并与原模型的计算结果及实测资料进行了比较,结果表明该模型能够有效地模拟流线弯曲水流的水力特性.     

论速度梯度方程的奇性及其它

目前叶轮机械的三元流动理论和计算都有了很大的进展,发展了各种各样的求解方法。这些方法基本上分成两大类:一类是矩阵法,另一类是流线曲率法。这两种方法表面上求解过程很不相同,但本质上都同属于差分法一类。目前的矩阵法是对任意二元流面(S_1或S_2流面)上运动方程组化成流函数φ的偏微分方程,然后直接进行差分离散化,进而迭代求解。流线曲率法是在假设初始流线形状的基础上(从而通过数值微分和积分——通常的三次样条曲线办法是典型的一种办法——求得流线上的斜率、曲率等     

论流线曲率法计算M数的限制

本文针对[8]所提出的问题,论述了流线曲率法两种计算问题(设计计算和分析计算)的速度梯度方程的奇异点和流量方程的最大流量点。并在此基础上论证了流线曲率通流和管流计算M数的限制是M_m<1,而不是M_w<1,从而可以得到跨声速流场。     

叶轮机械气动计算正、反问题的一些分析

本文指出了叶轮机械气体流面上运动方程组的矛盾型方程组性质,在此基础上分析了正、反问题之间的求介等价性,并介释了与方程类型判据不一致性存在矛盾的原因;对三维流动方程组和流线曲率法方程组的类型判据也进行了讨论。     

一维六方准晶压电材料反平面Ⅲ型裂纹电塑性分析

论文基于一维六方准晶压电材料反平面问题的基本方程,对Ⅲ型裂纹的电塑性区进行分析.采用条带模型并假设在电塑性区的切应力保持为常数,得到了电塑性区大小的表达式.这种假设方式消除了电场和应力在裂纹尖端的奇异性,这与实际情况相符合,也为一维六方准晶压电材料的断裂分析提供了理论基础.     

曲面曲率对Rayleigh波传播特性的影响

对任意形状的均匀各向同性线弹性曲面物体,用 WKB～（1）方法求解了沿曲面传播的Rayleigh表面波的运动微分方程,同时考虑了波传播方向及其垂直方向曲面曲率对波的穿透性的影, 所获波动方程的势函数解答表明,在一般情况下垂直波传播方向的曲面曲率对波的穿透深度的影响是不容忽视的.进而以同种介质平面表面情况下的Rayleigh面波的传播特性为基准,给出了曲面曲率引起波数或波速变化的解析表达式.通过理论分析和数值算例,描述了曲面上Rayleigh面波传播行为的一些基本特征.     

二维曲壁扩压器内湍流边界层分离的研究

本文应用二维双色四光束激光多普勒测速仪和压强探针样细地测量了二维非对称曲面扩张通道内的不可压湍流边界层分离流动，得到了时均速度和雷诺剪应力以及正反向间歇流动因子和静压分布。实验结果分析表明；湍流边界层分离时，沿边界层高度方向存在着明显的压强差。压强差的极小值对应于位移厚度曲率的极大值和瞬时间歇分离点。Ｂａｒｄｉｎａ对数尾迹律可以较好地描述瞬时间歇分离点之前的边界层速度分布，但无法描述分离的边界层速     

Computer-aided spillway design using the boundary element method and non-linear programming

The general context of this paper is to support the design of spillways by a direct mathematical approach instead of trial-and-error methods. First, a two-dimensional model is formulated to determine the free surface and the discharge for a stationary, incompressible, homogeneous, non-viscous and irrotational flow over a fixed spillway. The flow satisfies the Laplace equation and the Bernoulli equation (potential flow). An important feature of the model is that it can be extended to design the spillway structure when the spillway is not fixed but the pressure on the spillway is described by a cavitation criterion. Next, the continuous model is discretized by the boundary element method (BEM). We use a non-linear programming algorithm to calculate the pressures and the shape of the spillway. A computer-aided design package is developed on a PC using the equations describing the free surface, the BEM and standard optimization techniques. The input and output of the model are realized using graphical routines. Finally, we discuss the convergence and the computation time of the algorithms.     

Compositional Streamline Simulation: A Parallel Implementation

Compositional reservoir simulators are needed to model oil recovery from petroleum reservoirs by miscible gas injection. This article describes the development and application of a parallel version of a compositional streamline simulator. A compositional streamline module is developed and integrated with an existing finite-difference simulator. Finite-difference calculations including pressure solution are performed on a single processor. The movement of fluids (which includes streamline tracing, mappings, flux calculations, and one-dimensional solver) is done along streamlines in the streamline module. The streamline module is parallelized by distributing streamlines among different processors because computations along any streamline are independent of other streamlines and no communication is required. Flux calculation along streamlines is computationally expensive primarily due to flash calculations that are performed to distribute components among the hydrocarbon phases. Simultaneous solution of this time-consuming step results in reduction of total CPU time. Communication (gathering) across the streamlines or processors is achieved by using message passing interface (MPI). Test runs are conducted for different examples to investigate the performance of the parallel streamline simulator. Results indicate that significant reduction in CPU time can be obtained by distributing streamlines on different processors.     

Centrifugal experimental study of suction bucket foundations under dynamic loading

Centrifugal experiments were carried out to investigate the responses of suction bucket foundations under horizontal and vertical dynamic loading. It is shown that when the loading amplitude is over a critical value, the sand at the upper part around the bucket is softened or even liquefied. The excess pore pressure decreases from the upper part to the lower part of the sand layer in the vertical direction and decreases radially from the bucket’s side wall in the horizontal direction. Large settlements of the bucket and the sand layer around the bucket are induced by dynamic loading. The dynamic responses of the bucket with smaller height (the same diameter) are heavier. The project supported by the fund of Chinese Ocean Oil Co. and Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX2-YW-302-02).     

用于吸力式基础离心机模拟的动力加载设备

吸力式桶形基础广泛地应用于海洋油气开发的海洋平台。在冬季，渤海冰排会对平台产生强烈的冲击，引起振动。本文介绍了一套用于土工离心机实验的动力加载设备，并介绍了该套设备在模拟吸力式桶形基础在受到等效动冰载作用下的响应的实验研究情况及实验结果。结杲表明，当载荷幅值超过一个临界值时，地基上部会发生软化甚至液化。超孔隙水压从土体上部到下部，从桶形基础壁面到远处逐渐减小。在动载荷作用下，桶形基础和临近土体会发生大的沉降。桶形基础尺寸越小，动载荷响应越大。     

A conservative unstructured scheme for rapidly varied flows

This article introduces a new semi‐implicit, staggered finite volume scheme on unstructured meshes for the modelling of rapidly varied shallow water flows. Rapidly varied flows occur in the inundation of dry land during flooding situations. They typically involve bores and hydraulic jumps after obstacles such as road banks. Near such sudden flow transitions, the grid resolution is often low compared with the gradients of the bathymetry. Locally the hydrostatic pressure assumption may become invalid. In these situations, it is crucial to apply the correct conservation properties to obtain accurate results. An important feature of this scheme is therefore its ability to conserve momentum locally or, by choice, preserve constant energy head along a streamline. This is achieved using a special interpolation method and control volumes for momentum. The efficiency of inundation calculations with locally very high velocities, and in the case of unstructured meshes locally very small grid distances, is severely hampered by the Courant condition. This article provides a solution in the form of a locally implicit time integration for the advective terms that allows for an explicit calculation in most of the domain, while maintaining unconditional stability by implicit calculations only where necessary. The complex geometry of flooded urban areas asks for the flexibility of unstructured meshes. The efficient calculation of the pressure gradient in this, and other semi‐implicit staggered schemes, requires, however, an orthogonality condition to be put on the grid. In this article a simple method is introduced to generate unstructured hybrid meshes that fulfil this requirement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Interaction of a heavy fluid flow in a channel with a transverse jet barrier

An experimental and numerical analysis of the interaction between a plane horizontal water flow in a rectangular channel (free water current) and a plane thin water jet (water jet curtain) is presented; the jet flows out vertically from either a slot nozzle in the bottom of the channel or the crest of a rigid spillway at a velocity appreciably (several times) greater than the water velocity in the channel. Numerical calculations were carried out using the STAR-CD software package preliminarily tested against the experimental data obtained. The dependence of the water level in the channel at a certain distance ahead of the jet barrier on the main jet parameters and the water flow rate in the horizontal channel is studied. It is found that in the region of the interface between the flows both steady and unsteady (self-oscillatory) flow patterns can be realized. Steady stream/jet interaction patterns of the “ejection” and “ejection-spillway” types are distinguished and a criterion separating these regimes is obtained. The notion of a rigid spillway equivalent to a jet curtain is introduced and an approximate dependence of its height on the relevant parameters of the problem is derived. The possibility of effectively controlling the water level ahead of a rigid spillway with a sharp edge by means of a plane water jet flowing from its crest is investigated. The boundary of transition to self-oscillation interaction patterns in the region of the flow interface is determined. The structure of these flows and a possible mechanism of their generation are described. Within the framework of the inviscid incompressible fluid model in the approximate formulation for a “thin” jet, an analytical dependence of the greatest possible depth of a reservoir filled with a heavy fluid at rest and screened by a vertical jet barrier on the jet parameters is obtained.     

Extension of Bernoulli's theorem on steady flows of inviscid fluids to steady flows of plastic solids

A differential equation is derived which is valid along any streamline in a steady flow of a general continuum where the streamline is also a trajectory of principal stress. For special materials and flow conditions this equation can be integrated to give algebraic relations between variables along the streamline. For inviscid fluids this leads to Bernoulli's famous theorem relating pressure and velocity along any streamline. For three-dimensional ideal flows of Tresca plastic solids and planar ideal flows of general rigid/perfectly plastic solids, it also leads to known results along any streamline. For other special constitutive materials in rigid/plastic solids additional streamline relations are obtained.     

相邻高层建筑表面风压的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法对一幢由主楼和配楼组成的复杂高层建筑的表面风压进行了模拟计算，考虑了相邻一幢高层建筑对风压分布的影响。计算得到的风压值还与风洞试验值作了比较。结果表明，数值模拟较好地反映了复杂高层建筑的周围流线和表面风压的分布情况；同时，由于相邻建筑物的存在，使得原有建筑的时均流线分布尤其是涡流的数目和尺度以及建筑表面的时均风压分布均发生了较明显的改变。     

Vertical integration of three-phase flow equations for analysis of light hydrocarbon plume movement

A mathematical model is derived for areal flow of water and light hydrocarbon in the presence of gas at atmospheric pressure. Vertical integration of the governing three-dimensional, three-phase flow equations is performed under the assumption of local vertical equilibrium to reduce the dimensionality of the problem to two orthogonal horizontal directions. Independent variables in the coupled water and hydrocarbon areal flow equations are specified as the elevation of zero gauge hydrocarbon pressure (air-oil table) and the elevation of zero gauge water pressure (air-water table). Constitutive relations required in the areal flow model are vertically integrated fluid saturations and vertically integrated fluid conductivities as functions of air-oil and air-water table elevations. Closed-form expressions for the vertically integrated constitutive relations are derived based on a three-phase extension of the Brooks-Corey saturation-capillary pressure function. Closed-form Brooks-Corey relations are compared with numerically computed analogs based on the Van Genuchten retention function. Close agreement between the two constitutive models is observed except at low oil volumes when the Brooks-Corey model predicts lower oil volumes and transmissivities owing to the assumption of a distinct fluid entry pressure. Nonlinearity in the vertically integrated constitutive relations is much less severe than in the unintegrated relations. Reduction in dimensionality combined with diminished nonlinearity, makes the vertically integrated water and hydrocarbon model an efficient formulation for analyzing field-scale problems involving hydrocarbon spreading or recovery under conditions for which the vertical equilibrium assumption is expected to be a satisfactory approximation.     

Curved shock theory

Curved shock theory (CST) is introduced, developed and applied to relate pressure gradients, streamline curvatures, vorticity and shock curvatures in flows with planar or axial symmetry. Explicit expressions are given, in an influence coefficient format, that relate post-shock pressure gradient, streamline curvature and vorticity to pre-shock gradients and shock curvature in steady flow. The effect of pre-shock flow divergence/convergence, on vorticity generation, is related to the transverse shock curvature. A novel derivation for the post-shock vorticity is presented that includes the effects of pre-shock flow non-uniformities. CST applicability to unsteady flows is discussed.