爆炸膨胀环的截面尺寸效应

利用爆炸膨胀环实验数据修正了无氧铜的J-C本构模型参数,计算获得的速度历史与实验测试结 果吻合。通过数值模拟研究了膨胀环宽度对速度历史、应力状态的影响,发现:对厚度1mm 的膨胀环,加载 速度峰值随着膨胀环宽度的增加而增加,当宽度超过8mm 后速度峰值不再变化;膨胀环宽度不超过2mm 时,能较好满足1维应力状态的假定。膨胀环的应力状态在一定范围内具有明显的尺寸效应,可为爆炸膨胀 环的试样尺寸设计提供参考。     

弹丸斜入射对侵彻深度的影响

假定弹体为刚体，利用空腔膨胀理论中应力与速度之间的关系模拟弹体表面上任一点的应力，并在计算分析过程中考虑自由表面等不对称因素，简要分析讨论了弹体在斜侵彻靶体过程中弹体初始偏航角和倾斜角对弹体侵彻过程的影响     

玻纤增强复合材料高应变率拉伸实验研究

利用爆炸膨胀环实验技术,对玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRC)进行了高应变率(104s-1)下力学性能研究。实验中使用铜丝汽化引爆装药的方法对驱动环进行能量加载,并采用激光速度干涉仪(VISAR)测量试样环自由膨胀的质点速度,实现了玻璃纤维增强复合材料在104应变率下的一维拉伸破坏,并获取了该材料的速度时间曲线。经过计算得到了材料的应力应变关系,最后与该材料在准静态下、中高应变率下实验得到的数据进行了比较。     

环空流道液流失速水击特性及其成因的研究

环空流道与圆管的结构差异,使得其失速水击特性及其成因亦有不同。为了对其进行分析研究,利用PIV对套管环空和圆管流水击流场进行拍摄,并通过Tecplot显示流场,提取轴向速度和径向速度、等速度线等参数加以分析;同时采用高精度智能动态压力传感器采集了套管环空内、外壁及内管内壁压力,对环空中水击特性进行了进一步研究。结论是:水击发生时环空断面外壁面水击压力大于内壁面水击压力;同初速情况下环空液流水击压力大于圆管流水击压力;环空中水击压力衰减速度快于圆管中;涡流是水击压力衰减以及速度变化的主要因素;水击压力振荡变化主要是压力涡流引起的断面能量的相互转化形成的。     

基于Ottosen屈服条件的不同强度混凝土空腔膨胀模型及侵彻机理

针对毁伤与防护领域对深层超硬目标理论研究及工程应用的迫切需求,引入改进的Ottosen屈服条件,对混凝土空腔膨胀过程中的响应分区和边界条件进行优化,求解空腔膨胀的全过程,分析不同强度混凝土响应分区的变化规律;根据空腔边界应力和空腔膨胀速度的关系,建立了弹体侵彻深度计算模型,对弹体侵彻不同强度混凝土工况进行了对比计算,并深入分析了靶体强度对侵彻深度影响的机理。通过与实验数据进行对比发现,改进的空腔膨胀理论对于普通混凝土和高强混凝土均有很好的适用性,可准确计算径向应力与空腔边界速度关系以及侵彻深度。研究结果显示,高强混凝土的弹塑性开裂区范围更大,密实区范围更小,表明了高强混凝土脆性大,材质密实的特点,引入塑性开裂区可以更好地反应侵彻过程中高强混凝土压实时对应速度更高的现象;随着混凝土强度的提高,其屈服包络面变化越来越小,因此混凝土的空腔边界应力增大但变化程度越来越小,导致弹体侵彻深度随速度增加的增量变小。     

爆炸膨胀环实验数据处理方法讨论

采用线性关系式及多项式对爆炸膨胀环速度曲线上不同长度的数据窗口进行拟合,获得了应力应 变关系,结果表明数据窗口的选取是膨胀环实验数据处理的基础;同时发现当拟合关系式高于2次时,获得的 应力应变关系从形式上偏离了物理规律。对数据进行高阶光滑后采用差分方法直接处理,可以更好地反映膨 胀环速度历史与瞬时应力之间的关系,澄清了2次以上关系式拟合处理得到的应力应变关系偏离物理规律并 不是由数据处理方法造成的,而是由速度点测试的不确定性造成的。     

埋地冲洗管线强度计算及影响因素规律分析

研究了冲洗管线在自重、内压、温差和土壤力综合作用下的强度分析方法,给出埋地冲洗管线应力计算公式。采用有限单元法对某冲洗管线重点部位进行力学特性分析,得到其真实应力分布状态,对比了理论计算结果与数值结果误差,证实轴向应力理论计算结果偏保守。对不同壁厚、不同环境温度和不同压力下的管线力学特性进行讨论,结果表明,管道的环向应力起主导作用,且埋深0m~0.75m内管线的环向应力变化明显,因此,当考虑温差及波动内压作用时,该段管线力学特性应引起足够重视;受环境温度影响,管线最大等效应力与总位移规律近似相反,即等效应力最小,总位移近似最大;考虑到等效应力随压力变化规律,不同季节宜采用不同的冲洗压力以满足安全运行要求。     

电磁膨胀环实验设计的关键因素

为了更好地研究电磁膨胀环实验加载技术,利用带有电磁模块的LS DYNA三维动力学有限元程序对电磁膨胀环加载过程进行三维数值模拟。分析了螺线圈绕法、加载电流波形、膨胀环截面尺寸和轴向位移对电磁膨胀环实验结果的影响。计算结果表明,连接带缺口螺线圈的圆圈绕线方法优于均匀过渡绕法,加载电流峰值与膨胀环径向速度峰值近似成线性关系,适当增加膨胀环截面轴向的宽度可提高膨胀环运动稳定性,双螺线圈模型可有效减小膨胀环轴向位移。     

延性金属膨胀环的运动及断裂的三维数值模拟

利用LS-DYNA三维动力有限元软件对延性金属环的膨胀运动与断裂进行数值模拟。在膨胀环圆周加入泊松随机分布断裂成核点,利用J-C本构模型,研究诸如颈缩形成时间、颈缩区与均匀变形区的温度、应力、应变的对比等颈缩形成机理,以及讨论了环圆周上断裂成核点的泊松随机分布碎裂特性的影响。数值计算结果与实验结果、理论分析结果吻合较好,表明施加泊松随机断裂成核点的数值模拟方法是合理的。     

利用重正化群方法推导湍流二阶矩封闭模型

Rubinstein和Barton在他们的原始工作中，利用Yakhot-Orszag湍流重正化群方法对雷诺 应力输运方程中的速度-压力梯度项和各向同性回归过程进行了模拟. 文中分析了 其在理论推导过程中存在的数学物理上不自洽的问题及计算错误，并且利用重正化 群方法重新系统地对雷诺应力输运方程进行了模拟，计算得到的湍流常数理论值和 经验值相接近.     

Self-propulsion of spermatozoa in microcontinua: effect of transverse wave motion of channel walls

Summary This paper presents an analysis for the self-propulsion of spermatozoa through mucus filling a channel with flexible boundaries. The mucus is characterized as a micropolar fluid, and the spermatozoa are modelled as a two-dimensional sheet, sending down lateral waves along its length. The model also considers the motion of flexible walls due to muscular activities. This motion is represented by transverse waves along the channel walls. The analysis has been carried out for inertia-free flow under the assumption that the waves travelling along the channel and the sheet are in synchronization under the steady state. It is observed that the propulsive velocity increases as the departure from the Newtonian theory grows.     

A numerical study of droplet motion/departure on condensation of mixture vapor using lattice Boltzmann method

Droplet motion/departure, which is governed by external force acceleration coefficient, droplet radius and surface wettability on solid surfaces under external forces such as gravitational force, play a significant role in characterizing condensation heat transfer, especially when high fractional non-condensable gases (NCG) present. However, due to the challenge in visualizing the vapor/steam velocity field imposed by droplet motion/departure, the detailed mechanism of droplet motion/departure on condensing surfaces has not been completely investigated experimentally. In this study, droplet motion/departures on solid surfaces under external forces and their interactions with steam flow are simulated using two dimensional (2D) multiphase lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Large external force acceleration coefficient, droplet radius and contact angle, lead to large droplet deformation and high motion/departure velocity, which significantly shortens the droplet residual time on the solid surface. Our simulation shows that steam vortices (lateral velocity) induced by droplet motion/departure can greatly disturb the vapor flow and would be intensified by increasing external force acceleration coefficient, droplet radius, and contact angle. In addition, the location of vortex center shifts in the ascending direction with increase of these factors. The average lateral velocities induced by droplet motion/departure at various conditions are obtained. The mass transfer resistance is substantially reduced owing to the droplet motion/departure, leading to an enhanced heat flux. The experimental results are compared to validate the influence of droplet motion/departure on condensation heat transfer performance, especially for steam–air mixture with the presence of high fractional NCG.     

石英玻璃圆环高速膨胀碎裂过程的离散元模拟

采用离散元算法模拟了石英玻璃圆环受到外加动态载荷时的力学行为. 首先基于flat-jointed粘结模型,通过标准的单轴拉压、三点弯曲等数值实验来标定了石英玻璃的微观参数. 在此模型基础上,数值模拟再现了石英玻璃圆环在不同应变率下的膨胀碎裂过程. 为定量分析数值模拟结果,需要准确确定圆环的碎裂发生时刻. 模拟发现:伴随着石英玻璃圆环的断裂,圆环外表面粒子径向膨胀速度的时程曲线会发生突然升高然后下降的跳动;详细分析表明,这种跳动源自周向的脆性断裂诱发的卸载波(周向拉伸应力急剧下降)以及伴随而来的泊松膨胀,这种径向速度跳动现象为实验中检测脆性断裂发生时刻提供了可能. 进一步的数值研究表明:(1)石英玻璃圆环的断裂应变随着应变率的提高而增大,与韧性金属材料的膨胀环实验结果一致;(2)石英玻璃圆环的碎片平均质量随着应变率的增大而减小;(3)数值计算获得的碎片平均尺寸与已有的理论和实验结果比较吻合. 利用液压膨胀环实验装置对石英玻璃圆环进行了验证性实验,回收得到的碎片形貌及碎片个数与数值模拟的结果基本一致.      

The interface between two simple fluids between two oscillating vertical planes

The shape of the interface between two simple fluids having nearly the same densities which are contained between two oscillating vertical planes has been calculated by the method of domain perturbation pivoted about the rest state. The analysis has been carried out through second order in the amplitude of the oscillation velocity. The existence of the shearing motion on the interface has been considered by incorporating the spatial dependence of the primary motion on the vertical coordinate as well as on the transverse coordinate. This has led to an enhancement of the normal stress effect and thus results in predicting a higher rise in the interface than that in the case when no shearing motion is assumed to exist on the interface.     

Automated Stress Separation Along Stress Trajectories

A procedure for the separation of principal stresses in automated photoelasticity is presented. It is based on the integration of indefinite equations of equilibrium along stress trajectories, also known as Lamè–Maxwell equations. A new algorithm for precise and reliable stress trajectory calculation, which is an essential feature of the procedure, has also been developed. Automated stress separation is carried out along stress trajectories starting from free boundaries. Experimental tests were performed on a disc in diametral compression and on a ring with internally applied pressure. Full-field principal stress values were obtained and results were compared with those from the theory of elasticity and with those obtained from the classical shear difference method. It was shown that the proposed method is more accurate and less affected by the presence of residual stresses or experimental errors at the boundaries than the shear difference method. In addition, the method requires little human interaction and is therefore well-suited for automated photoelasticity.     

刚粘塑性圆环受法向冲击时的动力屈曲

本文研究刚粘塑性圆环受法向冲击时的动力屈曲，文中考虑了冲击过程中圆环厚度的变化，环向力的变化以及基本变形速度的变化。通过用数值方法求解扰动运动微分方程，结果表明，当规定了临界放大函数后，仅当冲击速度位于某一范围之内时，才会发生动力屈曲。     

Analysis of vibrations in a nonhomogeneous thermoelastic thin annular disk under dynamic pressure

The forced vibration analysis of nonhomogeneous thermoelastic, isotropic, thin annular disk under periodic and exponential types of axisymmetric dynamic pressures applied on its inner boundary has been performed and analytical benchmark solution has been obtained. The material has been assumed to have inhomogeneity according to a simple power law in the radial coordinate. The present analysis has been worked out in the context of generalized theory of thermoelasticity with one relaxation time. The two coupled partial differential equations have been clubbed and solved by employing Laplace transform technique to obtain the solution for radial displacement and temperature change in the space domain. In order to obtain the solution in physical domain, the inversion of the transform has been carried out by using residue calculus. The radial displacement, radial stress, circumferential stress, and temperature change have been computed numerically for copper material annular disk. The numerically computed results have been presented graphically to demonstrate the effect of two different types of dynamic pressure in reference to homogeneous and nonhomogeneous material disk. The results for homogeneous material disk have been deduced and validated with that available in literature. The closed-form solution obtained here is interesting and allows further parametric studies of nonhomogeneous structures.     

Rarefied gas flows based on variational principle

A variational principle has been utilized to study Couette flow, and Kramers' velocity slip problem with specular-diffuse reflection. The method leads to extremely satisfactory analytic results for the velocity slip coefficient and also for the variation of shear stress with inverse Knudsen number. This leads us to the conclusion that the present variational principle even with extremely simple trial functions, essentially suggested by continuum flow theory, is a useful means of computing macroscopic quantities of physical interest in rarefied gas dynamics.     

回转支承构件牵引滚动接触应力解析

回转支承构件是重型机械的重要基础元件,其失效往往导致灾难性的设备事故和人身事故以及巨大的经济损失.及时、充分地了解回转支承构件牵引滚动接触应力分布特点,对于保证整机安全生产和提高企业经济效益具有非常重要的意义.本文将回转支承构件接触模型简化为轴线平行的圆柱体二维平面应变模型,从接触力学理论中McEwen关于轴线平行的圆柱体二维法向接触理论出发,重点讨论牵引滚动与常规法向接触状态的切向分布力的相同点和不同点,从而推导出牵引滚动接触状态下接触区应力场各应力分量解析式,将McEw-en法向理论公式推广到法、切向复合分布力综合作用下.在此基础上,探讨了表面拉应力与摩擦系数的关系,摩擦系数越大则表面拉应力水平越高.最后,运用材料力学二向应力状态受力分析方法,计算了接触应力场最大剪应力位置、大小和方向角与深度的关系,发现与无表面摩擦情况相比,最大主剪应力发生位置变浅,幅值反而变小.     

A unified theory of turbulent flow

Summary A general theory of turbulent flow is applied to incompressible flow in a circular pipe. The theoretical mean velocity distribution is found to be in good agreement with experiment, but there is some discrepancy in the normal stress distribution. The available pressure drop data are used to estimate the value of the apparent wall velocity as a function of Reynolds number and roughness. It is found that the results can be represented by simple expressions which in turn imply simple expressions for the pressure drop as a function of Reynolds number and roughness. However, it has not been possible to derive these results from fundamental considerations. The basis of Reynolds analogy and the application of the theory to channel flow are also discussed.