基于光纤环安装方式的光纤陀螺振动误差抑制方法

随着光纤陀螺的实用化,发现载体振动会引起光纤陀螺尤其是高精度光纤陀螺的测量误差增大,对光纤陀螺的性能指标造成不可忽视的影响。对干涉式数字闭环光纤陀螺,从弹光效应出发,分析了振动对光纤陀螺光路的影响机理,得出了振动影响下光纤环中反向传播的光信号非互易相移误差信号的表现形式,并针对此提出了通过合理安装光纤环,使光路满足互异性,来抑制振动情况下光纤陀螺输出信号噪声和漂移。实验结果表明,该方案有效降低光纤陀螺输出信号的噪声,抑制了由振动引起的陀螺漂移,使得陀螺振动误差减小了一个数量级。     

MEMS振动陀螺驱动模态稳幅特性与控制

微机电哥氏振动陀螺控制系统分析主要包括驱动模态和检测模态两个部分.对于微机电哥氏振动陀螺驱动控制多采用类比LCR振荡电路的间接分析方法,不能精确定量的分析微机电哥氏振动陀螺驱动稳幅控制的系统特性与控制参数,也未能明确提出微机电哥氏振动陀螺的驱动稳幅回路对象模型及其特点;针对这一问题,采用脉冲响应函数法,推导了微机电哥氏振动陀螺的驱动稳幅回路被控对象数学模型,经过实际系统测试验证了模型分析的准确性.在分析了该模型特点和物理本质的基础上,结合工程实践阐述微机电哥氏振动陀螺驱动稳幅控制回路的两种实现方式,并比较了两种实现方式的优缺点.     

一种具有低振动灵敏度和宽动态范围的MEMS陀螺仪(英文)

为了进一步提高MEMS陀螺的动态范围和振动环境适应性,以加速其工程化应用步伐,研究了陀螺振动误差,提出了一种新型MEMS陀螺结构。MEMS陀螺仍然采用了音叉结构形式,同时采用了工字型框架和隔离结构,从而提高了陀螺结构的稳定性和抗振动性能,并降低了残余应力对陀螺影响。理论分析了驱动和检测模态频差对标度因数非线性的影响,并基于理论和实验分析了振动环境中的角振动对陀螺性能的影响。在此基础上,进行了陀螺的模态优化设计,以进一步减小了陀螺的振动灵敏度,并使其具有大动态范围。MEMS陀螺采用了SOI圆片制备,并采用了圆片级真空封装技术实现陀螺芯片的真空封装。MEMS陀螺芯片和ASIC芯片叠装在陶瓷管壳内,体积为11.4?11.4?3.8 mm3。实验结果表明,MEMS陀螺的测量范围为±7200 (°)/s,零偏稳定性为12.2 (°)/h(1σ)。随机振动环境下(7.6grms),该陀螺的振中零偏变化量小于10.0 (°)/h,振中的零偏稳定性小于24.0 (°)/h,是原陀螺的1/5。     

振动轮式微机械陀螺频率配置和气压选择

推导了振动轮式微机械陀螺的输出信号与输入角速度的幅频、相频关系,讨论了在不同的频率配置和品质因数下陀螺的灵敏度、带宽和零位稳定性。陀螺振动频率应设计在2kHz左右,检测轴自然频率比驱动轴高一个陀螺频带宽度。根据实测陀螺振动品质因数与气压的关系曲线,振动轮式微机械陀螺合适的工作气压是100Pa-1000Pa。     

陀螺效应对转子横向振动的影响分析

举例说明了在动力转子系统中陀螺效应对实际模型的影响。着重分析了转子陀螺效应对进动角速度、振型以及临界角速度的影响。并应用状态空间法求解陀螺系统的本征值问题。数值结果表明，在一些工程问题中，陀螺力对于转子系统振动特性的影响是不能忽略的。     

高性能对称解耦结构的线振动陀螺

为了最大限度克服微机电陀螺的两个模态的相互耦合作用,提高微机电陀螺的综合性能指标,采用国内现有MEMS标准工艺方法,设计和制作了一种高性能单晶硅对称解耦结构的线振动陀螺。采用对称结构形式和保证陀螺驱动和检测模态振型都是弯曲振动模式,易于模态匹配;由于采用驱动模态和检测模态结构解耦方式,从微结构设计上大大降低了正交耦合误差影响,使陀螺具有输出零位小、零偏稳定性好的优点。测试结果表明：初次加工的样机,在大气中驱动和检测模态固有频率分别在2430Hz和2580Hz左右,在150Hz带宽内具有0.1～0.5（°）/s的分辨率;随着加工精度的提高和检测电路的改进,该陀螺在大气中15Hz带宽内实现0.008（°）/s的分辨率,在真空状态下,这种高性能单晶硅对称解耦结构的线振动陀螺性能会有进一步的提高。     

振动条件下平台角振动对惯导系统误差的影响研究

本文介绍了平台式惯导系统在振动条件下陀螺漂移和加速度误差的变化规律 ,系统分析了平台角振动对惯导系统振动性能的影响。首次提出了振动条件下惯性平台角振动是导致加速度误差和陀螺漂移变化的重要因素。通过稳定回路动态仿真和角振动测试验证了平台角运动与稳定回路动态刚度有十分密切的关系 ,提出了减小平台角振动的改进方案。通过惯导系统振动试验证明了理论分析的正确性和改进措施的有效性     

基于扫频振动环境的燃气陀螺仪动态漂移控制技术

燃气陀螺仪是一种依靠火药燃气驱动的陀螺本体为机械框架式结构的惯性陀螺仪,它能够准确地测出弹体在飞行过程中随时间变化的姿态角,是弹体控制回路中的关键测量部件,其在不同振动环境中的漂移控制技术对制导武器弹体姿态的准确测量非常重要。本文利用欧拉方法,推导了陀螺仪的测量原理和漂移产生机理,分析了摩擦力矩、不平衡力矩,以及弹体环境施加的外力矩对陀螺漂移度的影响,并设计燃气陀螺仪的扫频振动试验找到陀螺对外加力矩的敏感频率。试验结果表明,在敏感频率400～800Hz范围内,通过改善弹体安装环境,可将陀螺仪漂移从大于3°减少至0.5°范围内。该方案具有较高的工程实用价值。     

大载荷下线振动微机械陀螺谐振频率漂移特性

线振动 MEMS 陀螺在大载荷条件下,驱动轴与检测轴的谐振频率会发生漂移,频差随载荷变大.这类型振动陀螺为了提高灵敏度往往将两个振动轴的谐振频率设计得尽量靠近,但当角速率载荷较大时,两个振动轴的谐振频率将发生分裂漂移,彼此互相远离.漂移量与向心加速度无关,近似与角速率载荷的平方成正比,且两轴的谐振频率越靠近漂移越剧烈.考虑到 Coriolis 效应的弹簧质量块二维振动数学模型可定量描述该现象,表明此现象为线振动陀螺 Coriolis 效应的一部分.理论分析、仿真研究和实验数据的不同角度对这种频率漂移特性的分析结果吻合良好,为进一步结构优化奠定了理论基础.     

一种振动轮式微机械陀螺仪的特性研究

微机械惯性仪表具有成本低、可靠性高、体积小、重量轻等优点,国际上已有许多报导[1]-[5].我们研制了一种振动轮式微机械陀螺仪[6].本文主要针对这种微机械陀螺仪的特性进行研究:设计和研究了陀螺的检测系统、检测轴固有频率补偿回路,推导出了此类陀螺检测输入角速度的灵敏度、开环和闭环传递函数、交流反馈控制提取同相分量和抑制正交分量的原理,以及闭环控制改善动态测量频带的方法.本文的最后给出了该陀螺原理样机的初步试验结果.     

Vibrating triangular plate

Summary The problem solved is that of determining the small transverse vibrations of a thin elastic plate in the shape of a 30° right triangle. The plate is simply supported on all sides, and started with a prescribed initial velocity.     

Mechanical Systems with Rapidly Vibrating Constraints

We consider a natural Lagrangian system on which an additional holonomic rheonomic constraint is imposed; the time dependence is included in this constraint by a parameter performing rapid periodic oscillations. Such a constraint is said to be a vibrating constraint. The equations of motion are obtained for a system with a vibrating constraint in the form of Hamilton’s equations. It is shown that the structure of the Hamiltonian of the system has a special form convenient for deriving the averaged equations. Usage of the averaging method allows us to obtain the limit equations of motion of the system as the frequency of vibrations tends to infinity and to prove the uniform convergence of the solutions of Hamilton’s equations to the solutions of the limit equations on a finite time interval. Some examples are discussed.     

Sweep Tests on Vibrating Systems with Power-Law Damping

The non-stationary response in vibrating systems with power-law damping, subjected to sweep tests is considered. Using the method of averaging, it is shown that the bifurcation delay persists in all forms of power-law damping, viz., Coulomb, orifice and cubic damping models. Experimental investigations on a soft type of isolator confirm the existence of delay in the jump phenomenon. These results also indicate that the softening nature of non-linearity can be profitably employed in the design of isolators and vehicle suspensions.     

Low Order Modelling of Freely Vibrating Flexible Cables

A highly efficient, low-order model for vortex-induced vibration of flexible cables at low Reynolds number has been developed. A coupled map lattice (CML) wake model, based on circle maps, is combined with a cable model (linear wave equation). With this model, both the self-excited response of the cable oscillation in the crossflow direction and the resulting wake structures are examined at Re = 100. This represents an improvement over earlier CML models capable of only modelling wakes behind externally forced cables. For comparison, spectral-element based numerical simulations, in addition to experiments on a freely vibrating cable flow, were conducted. The freely vibrating CML model predicted lace-like structures consistent with these numerical simulations and experimental results. Little difference was noted between the vortex shedding wake patterns determined for forced cables (from previous CML models) and freely vibrating cables. The freely vibrating CML matched experimental data for maximum cable amplitude reasonably well over a range of mass-damping parameter employed in offshore structural applications.     

振荡燃烧的动态测试及信息处理

作者用随机信息处理方法研究了某型火箭发动机的燃烧状况,不仅发现该型发动机存在有振荡燃烧,而且获得了振荡燃烧信息的功率谱及功率谱阵。针对振荡燃烧信息在时间域和频率域上的随机性特点,作者精心地设计了测试系统,并对系统的性能参数进行了全面标定。经多次实测证明该系统工作可靠,信噪比较高。测试与分析结果表明:该型发动机振荡燃烧的主振测率为800Hz,最大振幅为43dB;并存在有1600Hz和2500Hz两个次级振荡频率;而且该发动机的振荡燃烧是以纵向振荡为主。为研究该型火箭发动机振荡燃烧的产生原因和消除方法提供了科学依据。     

Methods of Identification of Nonlinear Mechanical Vibrating Systems

Methods for determination of the dynamic characteristics and parameters of mechanical vibrating systems by processing experimental data on controlled vibrations are presented. These methods are intended for construction of mathematical models of objects to be identified and classed as parametric and nonparametric methods. The quadrature formulas of the nonparametric-identification method are derived by inverting the integral parameters of approximate analytical solutions of nonlinear differential equations. The parametric-identification method involves setting up and solving systems of linear algebraic equations in the sought-for inertia, stiffness, and dissipation parameters by integrating experimental processes using special weighting functions. Depending on the type of the nonlinearity of the vibrating system and the method of representing experimental processes, the weighting functions can be oriented toward displacement, velocity, or acceleration gauges. The results of studies made mainly at the Institute of Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine are presented     

An Optimal Control Approach to Minimum-Weight Vibrating Beam Design

ABSTRACT

A gradient projection algorithm is applied to a class of vibrating cantilever beam optimization problems which are formulated as optimal control problems. The cross-section area is distributed along the beam for minimum total weight subject to fixed natural frequency constraints and a minimum allowed area limit. Three topics receive major emphasis: the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia, higher-mode frequency constraints, and multiple frequency constraints. Computational results are presented for the cases of fixed fundamental frequency, fixed second-mode frequency, and fixed fundamental and second-mode frequencies under a variety of conditions.