CH3I分子的光解离的自旋-轨道从头计算

采用从头计算二阶自旋-轨道多组态准简并微扰理论计算了碘代甲烷CH3I分子与基态2I03/2和激发态2I0#1/2原子解离极限相关联的势能曲线.计算了CH3I分子的吸收谱,分析了CH3I分子的光解离过程,并估计了激发态碘原子2I0#3/2的量子产额.计算结果表明.该方法可用以解释光解离实验结果.     

532 nm激光作用下CH3I分子的多光子电离

利用飞行时间质谱仪在超声射流冷却条件下探讨了532 nm激光作用下CH3I分子的多光子电离(MPI)解离过程和机制,得到了分子的飞行时间质谱,质谱中包含较强的I 、CH3 离子信号和较弱的CH3I 、CHn (n≤2)、C 、H 离子信号.不同激光能量下的质谱信号在排布上相似,但在强度上有差别.在532 nm激光作用下CH3I分子的多光子电离包括两个过程:一是CH3I分子由双光子激发到A带解离,生成I原子和CH3基团,然后再吸收光子实现中性碎片电离;另一通道是CH3I分子由三光子共振激发到里德堡C态,处于激发态的母体分子继续吸收两个光子电离形成母体离子,碎片离子可由母体离子解离形成.     

氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷中铒激活中心的双光子三光子与四光子近红外量子剪裁发光

研究了掺铒的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的双光子、三光子与四光子近红外量子剪裁发光.我们测量了掺铒的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的X 射线衍射谱、吸收谱、从可见到近红外的发光光谱与激发光谱.当Er3+浓度从0.5％增加到2.0％,发现铒离子的4I15/2→2G7/2,4I15/2→4G9/2,4I15/2→4G11/2,4I15/2→2H9/2,4I15/2→(4F3/2,4F5/2),4I15/2→4F7/2,4I15/2→2H11/2,4I15/2→4S3/2,4I15/2→4F9/2,与4I15/2→4I9/2红外激发谱峰的强度增加了大约5.64,4.26,2.77,7.31,6.76,4.75,2.40,11.14,2.88,和4.61倍,同时,铒离子的4I15/2→2G7/2,4I15/2→4G9/2,4I15/2→4G11/2,4I15/2→2H9/2,4I15/2→(4F3/2,4F5/2),与4I15/2→4F7/2的可见激发谱峰的强度减小了1.36,1.93,3.43,1.01,2.24和2.28倍.也就是说我们发现红外发光与激发的强度都增强了2～11倍,与此相伴的可见的发光与激发强度都减小了一到三倍.而且,1 543.0与550.0 nm发光的激发谱不仅在峰值波长而且也在波峰形状上非常相近.上述实验结果证实了所看到的现象为多光子近红外量子剪裁发光现象.为了更好的分析量子剪裁的过程与机理,还测量了主要的可见与红外发光强度随激发强度的改变;发现所有可见和红外发光强度都基本上是随激发强度成线性变化关系;其中,可见的发光强度随激发强度的改变呈略大于线形一次幂的变化关系,它是由于小的激发态吸收造成的;而1 543.0 nm红外发光强度随激发强度的变化呈略小于线形一次幂的变化关系,它即是量子剪裁发光的特征现象.还发现4I9/2能级的双光子量子剪裁主要由{4I9/2→4I13/2,4I15/2→4I13/2} ETr31-ETa01交叉能量传递所导致;4S3/2能级的三光子量子剪裁主要由{4S3/2→4I9/2,4I15/2→4I13/2} ETr53-ETa01和{4I9/2→4I13/2,4I15/2→4I13/2} ETr31-ETa01交叉能量传递所导致;2H9/2能级的四光子量子剪裁主要由{2H9/2→4I13/2,4I15/2→4S3/2} ETr91-ETa05,{4S3/2→4I9/2,4I15/2→4I13/2} ETr53-ETa01和{4I9/2→4I13/2,4I15/2→4I13/2} ETr31-ETa01交叉能量传递所导致.上述研究结果对目前的全球热点新一代量子剪裁太阳能电池很有价值.     

荧光探针法研究N-月桂酰基-N''-羟乙基乙二胺乙酸盐的微极性

用荧光光谱法测定Ⅳ-月桂酰基-Ⅳ'-羟乙基乙二胺乙酸盐(两性乙酸钠)的微极性.芘的荧光强度随着两性乙酸钠浓度的增加而减小,其第一峰(I1)和第三峰(I3)的强度随两性乙酸钠浓度的增加先降低,到达一定浓度后,趋于稳定.由芘的I1/I3与浓度关系可以得出两性乙酸钠的临界胶束浓度(CMC值大约为11.03mmol/L),与表面张力法(1.02mmol/L)测定结果一致.同时研究了无机盐的加入对芘的I1/I3值的影响,无机盐的加人使芘的I1/I3值减小,即无机盐的加入使芘所处的微环境极性减小.     

通向智慧,通向精深——《现代物理知识》刊歌

l——D444 5＄4Anf.一g丫I·z7占 17·E上214 灯丝 界二3UI一)l沾拒Z·l 多少灿抽鸦亟夕且妇拒互。·I翅】*一!翅丝2I吕卫云d一!杉狠刊力亿,寻找一条遂捌、径;奋少峨觐钩 圣殿, y一 一p——一红亚Z三IgZZI一卜Z$旦IoJ3 S 了66—一0爹察-落 启迪之I‘〕.‘现代物咖砍》是 牛 新绿,p_M 一 一 一刎的e4Z!J2一I工2韭UOOJgSI7·g卜dl髓略 绵鸡晶莹 规代瞰伽>> 是 座 天 畸, _fe6鱼M姓【ZIS一11一z卜;主7工6一16一生小I 通句智通甸靖 凉。猎 方今 白然真蹄,枚中外了了斗3一DISIt·I7·二左2·04·E夕丝IZ3UI 一I料咨羽铂 求落求…     

硼碲酸盐玻璃材料中Er3+光谱性质对组分的依赖关系

采用熔融淬火技术制备了一组Er3+掺杂的变组分硼碲酸盐玻璃材料.测量了玻璃的折射率、吸收光谱及4I13/2→4I15/2跃迁的荧光寿命.利用标准的三参量Judd Ofelt理论对Er3+的光学跃迁性质进行了计算,并对Er3+离子的4I13/2能级的量子效率进行了研究.结果发现,随着样品中TeO2含量的增加样品的折射率变大,三个Judd Ofelt参量中Ω2随着样品组分的改变较明显,而另外两个参量Ω4和Ω6的变化较小.还发现随着TeO2含量的增加4I13/2→4I15/2辐射跃迁几率增大,并且该跃迁的量子效率增加.这一研究结果表明,在硼酸盐玻璃材料中引入TeO2可以有效地改善其中稀土离子的量子效率和辐射跃迁性能.     

Er3+/Yb3+共掺碲硼硅酸盐玻璃的光谱性质和热稳定性研究

制备了系列Er3+/Yb3+共掺碲硼硅酸盐玻璃样品(85-x)TeO2-15B2O3-xSiO2(TBS X=0,5,10,15,20 mol%).测试和分析了样品的吸收光谱、荧光光谱、能级寿命、红外透射光谱及差热特性.并通过对Er3+离子4I13/2→4I15/2跃迁发射谱线的高斯拟合,设计了一个简单的四能级结构估算了Er3+离子4I13/2和4I15/2能级在碲硼硅酸盐中的Stark分裂情况.研究表明SiO2的引入能有效地改善玻璃的热稳定性和光谱性能,玻璃析晶温度Tx与玻璃转变温度Tg之差(△T=Tx-Tg)可达178℃,说明碲硼硅酸盐是一种适合于光纤拉制的玻璃基质材料.比较了不同基质玻璃中Er3+离子的荧光半高宽和受激发射截面,结果表明TBS玻璃系统具有较好的带宽性能,是一种优良的宽带光纤放大器候选基质材料.     

Er3+/Yb3+共掺TeO2-Li2O-B2O3-GeO2玻璃系统的光谱性质和热稳定性研究

制备了Er3+/Yb3+共掺的70TeO2-5Li2O-(25-x)B2O3-xGeO2(x=0,5,10,15,20 mol%)系列玻璃,研究了玻璃的热稳定性能,测试了玻璃的吸收光谱、荧光光谱以及Er3+离子4I13/2能级荧光寿命,并根据McCumber理论计算了Er3+离子4I13/2→4I15/2跃迁的受激发射截面.结果表明:随着GeO2含量的增加,玻璃的热稳定性逐渐提高,荧光谱线半高宽(FWHM)保持在70 nm左右,而荧光强度和Er3+离子4I13/2能级荧光寿命逐渐提高,研究表明这种玻璃系统是一种具有应用潜能的宽带光纤放大器用的基质材料.     

3μm与2μm级联振荡Ho3+:ZBLAN光纤激光器的动态特性分析

基于传输速率方程,对Ho3+:ZBLAN光纤激光器的动态特性--上能级粒子数以及输出激光功率的弛豫振荡特性进行了数值分析.通过忽略光纤参数对传输方向的依赖性,抽运光和信号光的功率传输方程被分别简化处理.结果表明,在5I6能级的粒子数首先经历一次弛豫振荡后,5I6和5I7能级的粒子数交替弛豫振荡并达到稳态;同样,在3μm波长的激光功率首先经历一次弛豫振荡后,3μm和2μm波长的激光功率交替弛豫振荡并达到稳态,而且,弛豫振荡时的峰值功率远大于稳态时的激光功率.     

Er3+离子掺杂钡镓锗玻璃上转换发光机理研究

研究了Er3+离子掺杂钡镓锗玻璃的吸收光谱、拉曼光谱和上转换光谱.分析了Er3+离子在钡镓锗玻璃中的上转换发光机理.结果表明:玻璃的最大声子能量为828cm-1,紫外截止波长为275nm.采用800nm和980nmLD激发玻璃样品,在室温下观察到强烈的上转换绿光和红光发射.随着Er3+离子浓度的增加,绿光发光强度先增加后减小,而红光发光强度呈单调递增趋势.能量分析表明:800nmLD激发产生的绿光主要源于Er3+离子4I13/2能级的激发态吸收过程;红光发射主要源于Er3+离子4I13/2能级与4I11/2能级之间的能量转移过程.980nmLD激发产生的绿光主要源于Er3+离子4I11/2能级之间的能量转移过程;而红光发射主要源于Er3+离子4I13/2能级与4I11/2能级之间的能量转移过程和4I13/2能级的激发态吸收过程.通过量子效率分析,发现采用800nmLD激发Er3+离子掺杂浓度为1mol% 的样品时,上转换绿光发光效率最高.     

引潮力对月球及人造卫星轨道平面的影响

讨论了引潮力对月球及人造卫星轨道平面的影响,计算结果与观测值的相对误差为3.8%.     

托马斯效应的简单诠释

托马斯进动的发现对电子自旋概念的确立有重要意义.然而,其物理图像及结论多是采用洛伦兹变换进行连续微分推导而出,过程较为繁杂,掌握难度也较大,在原子物理学教学过程中很难描述.本文通过狭义相对论中长度在运动方向缩短的概念,从电子绕行原子实一周时,在原子实坐标系和电子随动坐标系中最终角度差的积分效应出发,非常简单的论证了1/2的托马斯进动因子,其物理图像清晰,易于被学生理解和掌握.     

Classical interpretations of relativistic precessions

Relativists have exposed various precessions and developed ingenious experiments to verify those phenomena with extreme precisions. The Gravity Probe B mission was designed to study the precessions of the gyroscopes rotating round the Earth in a nearly circular near-Earth polar orbit to demonstrate the geodetic effect and the Lense-Thirring effect as predicted by the general relativity theory. In this paper, we show in a very simple and novel analysis that the precession of the perihelion of Mercury, the Thomas precession, and the precession data （on the de Sitter and Lense-Thirring precessions） collected from the Gravity Probe B mission could easily be explained from classical physics, too.     

The Thomas Precession and the Transformation to Rotating Frames

The Thomas precession is calculated using three different transformations to the rotating frame. It is shown that for sufficiently large values of v/c, important differences in the predicted angle of precession appear, depending on the transformation used. For smaller values of v/c these differences might be measured by extending the time of observation.     

对卫星近日点旋进现象的分析——"地球的扁率对卫星运动的影响"一文的疏忽

指出了一篇相关文献中的疏漏,讨论了卫星近日点的旋进现象,得出了在一般情况下卫星近日点旋进的快慢程度与近日点本身所处的位置有关的结论.     

地球扁率对卫星轨道平面的影响——兼谈卫星的太阳同步轨道

讨论地球扁率对人造地球卫星轨道平面的影响,介绍卫星的太阳同步轨道设计原理.     

Zero-field and Larmor spinor precessions in a neutron polarimeter experiment

We present a neutron polarimetric experiment where two kinds of spinor precessions are observed: one is induced by different total energy of neutrons (zero-field precession) and the other is induced by a stationary guide field (Larmor precession). A characteristic of the former is the dependence of the energy-difference, which is in practice tuned by the frequency of the interacting oscillating magnetic field ωR. In contrast the latter completely depends on the strength of the guide field, namely Larmor frequency ωL. Our neutron-polarimetric experiment exhibits individual tuning as well as specific properties of each spinor precession, which assures the use of both spin precessions for multi-entangled spinor manipulation.     

LASING FROM A DYE-DOPED PENDANT DROP AND ITS PRECESSION

We have observed lasing from the rim of dye-doped ethylene glycol pendant drops. Spatial-resolved spectral measurements show that the lasing wavelength varies along a vertical rim of the drop. Time-resolved measurements indicate that lasing precession occurs within the drop. Various lasing patterns due to lasing precession are explained. The measured precession periods for different pumping points are in good agreement with the calculated values based on morphology-dependent resonance theory.     

Bifurcation magnetic resonance in films magnetized along hard magnetization axis

We study low-frequency ferromagnetic resonance in a thin film magnetized along the hard magnetization axis performing an analysis of magnetization precession dynamics equations and numerical simulation. Two types of films are considered: polycrystalline uniaxial films and single-crystal films with cubic magnetic anisotropy. An additional (bifurcation) resonance initiated by the bistability, i.e. appearance of two closely spaced equilibrium magnetization states is registered. The modification of dynamic modes provoked by variation of the frequency, amplitude, and magnetic bias value of the ac field is studied. Both steady and chaotic magnetization precession modes are registered in the bifurcation resonance range.     

Coupling Between Spin and Gravitational Field and Equation of Motion of Spin

In general relativity, the equation of motion of the spin is given by the equation of parallel transport, which is a result of the space-time geometry. Any result of the space-time geometry cannot be directly applied to gauge theory of gravity. In gauge theory of gravity, based on the viewpoint of the coupling between the spin and gravitational field,an equation of motion of the spin is deduced. In the post Newtonian approximation, it is proved that this equation gives the same result as that of the equation of parallel transport. So, in the post Newtonian approximation, gauge theory of gravity gives out the same prediction on the precession of orbiting gyroscope as that of general relativity.