计及Re数影响的气动—声学性能实验及优化设计

实验和计算都发现高Ｒｅ数（自模化区）风机的宽频噪声占有大部分频域,而低Ｒｅ数（非 自模化区）下离散噪声占主导地位。优化设计结果表明对低Ｒｅ数的动叶必须进行修正,低Ｒｅ数 弯掠动叶与高Ｒｅ数相比,需要更大的弯角和掠角才能达到气动—声学性能的最佳值。     

跨声速动叶弯和掠对非定常气动负荷的影响

对一单级跨声压气机设计工况下采用三种弯、掠动叶后的非定常流场分别进行了数值模拟,分析了动叶弯、掠对叶片气动负荷的非定常影响。研究结果表明:与原型动叶相比,三种弯、掠动叶由于改变了动叶气动负荷的分布苇心,其气动力矩的时均值都发生了明显的改变;动叶弯、掠使动叶和静叶气动负荷参数随时间的波动幅值明显降低,有益于动、静叶的强度保证;四种压气机模型动叶和静叶的气动负荷参数随时间的波动曲线的相位都发生了变化。     

掠动叶对微型轴流风扇气动-声学性能的影响研究

轴向掠是叶片的径向成型方法之一.本文基于Fluent软件分别对具有前10°、后掠10°和径向0°动叶的三种风扇模型进行了定常流场和非定常流场的数值模拟,然后基于FW-H积分完成了风扇流动噪声的远场辐射计算,研究动叶的轴向掠对小尺寸轴流风扇气动与声学性能的影响.结果表明,前掠叶片和后掠叶片使风扇的全压在大流量工作区域低于0°径向风扇,内效率也略有降低.在气动声学性能方面,研究结果表明前掠不利于本文所研究的微型轴流风扇气动噪声的抑制,但后掠动叶降低了风扇的噪声,相比径向风扇,后掠风扇的远场噪声总声压级约下降1. dB.     

弯掠动叶对跨声压气机非定常气动负荷的影响

对一单级跨声压气机设计工况采用弯掠动叶前、后的非定常流场进行了数值模拟,深入分析了动叶弯掠对压气机叶片非定常气动负荷的影响.结果表明t动叶弯掠后,动、静叶的气动力和气动力矩时均值由于叶片负荷大小及分布的不同变化而产生不同程度的改变;由于动叶对下游静叶的尾迹和二次流干扰远强于动叶所受到的下游静叶的势流干扰,静叶的气动负荷发生较大波动;弯掠动叶减轻了端壁损失并且减弱了顶部泄漏涡强度和根部角区分离,从而减弱了对下游静叶的非定常干扰,这使得静叶各气动参数的波动幅值显著降低.     

转速对弯掠轴流风机气动噪声的影响分析

针对弯掠轴流风机气动噪声问题,采用大涡模拟(LES)和基于Lighthill声类比的FW-H模型相结合的方法进行非定常计算,通过快速Fourier转换(FFT),得到风机远场气动噪声声压级分布。对比研究了三种转速下旋转区内声压级分布规律、时域及频域特性,结果表明:旋转区域内声压级随转速增加而增大,前缘分离涡在某一转速时影响区域和强度最大;在一个旋转周期内,声压脉动呈现出6个波峰与波谷,验证了叶片转动频率是风机内部气动噪声的主要激励频率.     

径向无叶扩压器的稳定性区域

径向无叶扩压器的稳定性区域窦华书（清华大学水利水电系北京１０００８４）关键词：无叶扩压器，旋转失速，喘振，稳定性区域一、导怕旋转失速和喘振是离心压气机中两种不同的气动不稳定现象。无叶扩压器是可能导致这些不稳定现象的主要通流部件之一。近三十年来，许多作...     

跨声速轴流压气机动叶弯和掠效应的应用

对一单级跨声速轴流压气机的动叶分别进行了前掠和正弯研究,然后针对前掠和正弯叶片各自所存在的问题分别作了改进.对掠动叶中部的叶型做了二维改型以降低中部的激波强度和分离损失;对弯动叶不同截面叶型的安装角进行调整以消除正弯对动叶出口气流角的影响.最终应用前掠和正弯动叶的压气机的效率得到明显的提高.在对正弯和前掠动叶研究的基础之上,对动叶进行了前掠和正弯相联合的设计以综合利用弯和掠的有利作用.同时对弯掠动叶中部截面的叶型进行了二维改型以降低中部分离损失,并且对不同叶高截面的安装角进行调整以消除对出口气流角的影响.最终应用弯掠动叶的压气机效率和失速裕度都得到显著提高.     

计及旋转影响的轴流风机和压气机动叶栅损失模型之改进及其应用

本文通过对轴流风机动叶表面附面层内三元流动的理论分析和数学推导,得出了一种便于工程实际应用的,计及旋转效应的动叶出口尾迹宽度估计方法。在此基础上,本文发展了一种能计及叶片通道二次流和因叶片旋转所诱导的附面层径向迁移的动叶气动损失沿弪向分布的模型。将上述气动损失模型和动叶出口尾迹宽度估计方法分别应用于轴流风机气动计算和噪声估计,其结果同试验结果吻合甚好——效率计算误差小于1.3％,噪声(总声压级)计算误差小于1(dB)。     

弯曲动叶对跨音轴流压气机性能的影响

对具有弯曲动叶的跨音轴流压气机性能的数值研究表明,反弯曲动叶中通道激波沿径向倾斜角度最大,在顶部移向下游,在中部移向前缘,提高了失速裕度,但也增加了中部损失,反弯曲动叶级效率最低。正弯曲动叶中通道激波在顶部前移,失速裕度下降,通道激波近似为径向,负荷沿叶高分布均匀,气动效率最高。通道激波位置合理分布是弯曲动叶改型设计成功的关键。     

变工况下前弯离心风机宽带噪声的数值模拟及分析

为了解前弯离心风机不同工况下宽带噪声的变化规律及特性,本文以一款前弯高压离心风机为研究对象,针对带宽频特征的涡流噪声,运用基于Lighthill理论的FW-H方程和Proudman方程对前弯离心风机近场、远场噪声进行积分计算,通过三维非定常与定常数值模拟研究了其在设计流量,大流量与小流量三个运行工况下的噪声频谱特性,以及风机叶轮、蜗壳的宽带噪声分布特性,并将模拟结果与试验进行了对比验证。结果表明,该风机噪声宽频特性随流量增大变得明显。叶轮处宽带噪声声功率最高出现在离蜗舌最近的两个叶片上,蜗壳处宽带噪声最大声功率级主要出现在蜗舌处。     

Reduction of motor fan noise using CFD and CAA simulations

Motor fans used for cooling electric motors have long been recognized as one of the major noise sources. Current paper focuses on design of motor fan for electric motors that are used in submarines for pumping sea water. Noise reduction at source is very important and the critical task, for under water applications. An attempt has been made for reduction of motor fan noise by modification of noise sources. For this purpose computational fluid dynamics and computational aeroacoustics code FLUENT package is used to identify the noise sources and to know the overall sound pressure level of motor fan. From these results it is observed that aerodynamic noise is the dominate fan noise source. Aerodynamic noise of motor fan can be reduced by modifying fan geometry. The aerodynamic noise level of motor fan has been reduced by replacing the straight blades with various digits of NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) 65 series airfoil sections. From the numerical results it is observed that the minimum sound pressure level for NACA 65-010 is 65.4 dB(A). These numerical results are compared with measurements in a semi-anechoic chamber. It is found that there is good agreement between numerical and experimental results.     

Experimental study on the noise reduction of an industrial forward-curved blades centrifugal fan

Many previous researches have concentrated on the noise of backward-curved (BC) blades and forward-curved (FC) multi-blade centrifugal fans. In this paper, an experimental study has been carried out to study the noise reduction of an industrial FC blades centrifugal fan. First of all, the performance and noise characteristics of the FC centrifugal fan were tested to compare the similarities and differences from those of BC blades and FC multi-blade centrifugal fans. And then, some different volute geometric configurations were carried out in order to study the effects of inclined volute tongue, impeller blade-tongue clearance, hub-volute clearance and their coupling effect to the performance and noise of the FC blades centrifugal fan. The aim of many different experimental tests is to validate whether the effects of different modifications to fan performance and noise are additive and to find a good impeller-volute matching to reduce the centrifugal fan noise without reducing performance. The experimental results show that a good coupled modification not only could reduce the fan noise but also could advance the fan performance and extend the operating range.     

Aeroacoustic performance evaluation of axial flow fans based on the unsteady pressure field on the blade surface

Because of the European and global regulation concerning acoustic emission, the goal of manufacturers is to substantially decrease the noise radiated by turbomachines, and in particular axial fans, without degrading their aerodynamic performances. High rotation speed and increasing power add to the overall difficulties. The theoretical study of this paper consists of two parts: (1) an aerodynamic approach based on the vortex surface method and (2) an aeroacoustic approach which mainly concerns the prediction of the tonal noise using the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) equation. One of the main goals is the evaluation of the unsteady aerodynamic forces applied on the fan blades. A 2D software analysis, based on the vortex surface method (or potential flow method), was carried out. That process enabled evaluation of the potential flow around a mobile grid; first in a steady mode, and secondly in an unsteady mode by introducing an upstream disturbance in the form of an inlet velocity variation. The sources of noise corresponding to the zones with high force fluctuation amplitude are located initially on the blade surface. These fluctuating forces are used to predict the tonal noise radiated by the fan in far field by means of the FW-H equation. Two axial flow fans were used in this study. The theoretical results will be compared to the experimental ones in order to evaluate the aeroacoustic performances of the fans.     

Measurements of aerodynamic noise and wake flow field in a cooling fan with winglets

The aerodynamic noise and the wake flow field in a cooling fan under actual operating conditions are studied with and without winglets on the fan blades. In order to understand the influence of the winglet, the aerodynamic noise and the wake velocity distribution are measured. The results indicated that overall noise level decreased and the noise spectrum was changed in a low frequency range when the winglet was installed. It was found from the flow visualization and PIV measurement that the influence of the winglet appeared in the traces of the tip vortices and the magnitude of vorticity was reduced in the near wake region, which suggest the observed reduction in aerodynamic noise     

锯齿尾缘降噪翼型优化设计研究

大量研究工作表明旋转风电叶片的主要气动噪声来自叶尖尾缘区域,一直以来都是严重影响居民生活和叶片气动性能发挥的重要因素之一.为此,针对决定叶片重要气动特性单元——二维翼型,采用有别于传统的仿猫头鹰翅膀锯齿尾缘流动控制方法,将锯齿关键尺寸参数融入到风力机翼型设计之中,从而开发仿生锯齿翼型的优化设计方法,获得低噪声与高气动性...     

大小叶片贯流风机内流特性分析与实验研究

为降低空调用贯流风机的噪声,改善音质,通过采用直叶片贯流风轮达到斜扭叶片贯流风轮的音质和低噪声特性,从而降低贯流风轮的制造成本,本文设计了大小叶片交错组合的新型非等距贯流风机,并采用滑动网格对其内流特性进行了非定常数值模拟,同时对其气动噪声特性进行了实验研究.大小叶片贯流风机的偏心涡基本稳定在叶轮中心与蜗舌相连的切线上,位于叶轮内圆周附近.风轮非定常运转时,偏心涡的涡核位置在直径为2mm的圆所围成的区域内变化.大小叶片交错组合的贯流风轮改变了叶轮与蜗舌的间距,有效地降低叶片通过频率噪声并改善了音质.采用大小叶片交错组合的贯流风轮能够达到斜扭叶片贯流风机的降噪效果.     

Visualization of aerodynamic noise source around a rotating fan blade

The purpose of this study is to understand the aerodynamic noise source distribution around a rotating fan blade by measuring the noise signal and velocity field around the blade. The local noise-level distribution over the fan blade is measured by microphone arrays, and the flow field is visualized by smoke and phase-averaged PIV measurement. The noise source distribution is examined by cross-correlation analysis between noise signal and velocity fluctuation. It is found that the noise source is located near the rotating fan blade, especially around leading and trailing edges. The separation and reattachment of flow are observed near the leading edge, and the tip vortices and vortex shedding are found near the trailing edge. The cross-correlation distribution of the noise signal and the radial velocity fluctuation shows large magnitude in the correlated regions, which indicates the noise generation by the formation of vortex structure around the blade.     

Velocity field measurements of swirl flow around a forward-swept axial fan using a phase-averaged PTV

The flow characteristics around a rotating axial fan were experimentally investigated using a phase-averaged PTV velocity field measurement technique. The axial fan has 5 forward-swept blades with a radius of 25 mm. Measurements were carried out at 4 axial planes and 4 radial planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation. For the axial plane measurements, one fan blade was divided into 4 different phases in order to analyze the flow structure according to blade phase. For each case, 500 instantaneous velocity fields were measured and ensemble averaged to obtain phase-averaged velocity vector fields and vorticity contours. In addition, measurements were carried out at two planes around the blade surface. Phase averaged velocity fields show periodic variations with respect to the blade phase. The periodic shedding of the tip vortex at the blade tip is also observed. The phase averaged velocity fields measured in the radial planes show periodic variations according to the fan phase and the distance from the fan. These experimental results can be used to validate numerical calculations and to understand the flow characteristics of forward-swept axial fans.     

A study of active tonal noise control for a small axial flow fan

Sound radiated by a computer cooling fan consists of tones which are phase locked with the rotation, and other less deterministic tones and broadband random noise. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of globally eliminating the rotation-locked tones by applying a very simple destructive interference to a modified cooling fan with the number of struts equal to the number of rotor blades. The rig consists of a miniature electret microphone used as a rotation sensor, an ordinary loudspeaker, and a bandpass filter with adjustable amplitude and phase delay. The microphone is located at the inlet bellmouth of the fan to pick up the fluctuating aerodynamic pressure caused by the passing rotor blades. The pressure spectrum is rich in the blade passing frequency (BPF) and its low-order harmonics. It provides much better performance than a pulse-generating tachometer. Analysis of the original fan noise shows that about 90% of the radiated tonal sound is phase locked with rotation, and this portion is almost completely eliminated in all directions. The reductions of the radiated sound power in the first two BPFs are 18.5 and 13.0 dB, respectively, and the overall sound power reduction is 11.0 dB.     

从非定常效应看对旋风扇/压气机的工程实现

首先利用全隐格式的非稳态压力修正求解方法；计算对旋风扇级间流场非定常流动情况，并与实验结果进行了有益的对比；在动态实验研究中则通过单斜丝热线风速仪对对旋风扇级间速度场进行了详细分析，并揭示其级间非定常效应的独特规律：下游转子的非定常位势流作用在对旋级间流场的周期性非定常影响中占主导地位，级间径向速度的大小则主要与前级转子叶尖区和叶根区的二次流动旋涡强度有关．上述结果表明：对旋风扇／压气机的非定常效应对其性能有很大影响，如果很好地组织对旋叶轮的非定常流动气动布局，可进一步提高增压系统的压比、效率和稳定工作范围。