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1.
多孔物料干燥时的耦合传热传质效应   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
1引言多孔物料干燥时的传热传质过程是一个典型的耦合过程,物料内的质扩散通量不仅受湿度梯度控制,而且还和温度梯度有关[1~5]。在对流干燥过程中,热量总是从物料表面向内部传递,而湿分总是从物料内部向表面迁移,然后扩散至干燥介质中,故物料内部的温度梯度和湿度梯度方向相反,由Luikov理论可知,向内的传热过程总是阻止物料中的湿分向表面迁移,从而减小质通量,降低干燥速度。显然,为了提高干燥速度,可以通过采用辅助加热或改变加热方式来减小物料内部逆向温度梯度、甚至改变温度梯度的方向以加快物料内部湿分向表面…  相似文献   

2.
分析了制冷剂在毛细管内的闪发过程,提出了制冷剂液体在毛细管内“综合成核”的机理,并结合气泡成长理论推导出气泡成长的计算公式,建立了制冷剂闪发流动的数学模型。进行了制冷剂闪发流动特性的实验研究,实验结果证实了理论分析是正确的。  相似文献   

3.
通过对超声波泵现象进行预实验,判断出毛细管内液面反常上升的高度与毛细管、液体和超声波的诸多性质相关.从挤压模效应和空化效应分别对超声毛细效应进行理论分析,判断出了影响超声波作用下毛细管内液面反常上升的因素,并通过实验测量结果验证了此理论的自洽性.  相似文献   

4.
建立了考虑临界含湿率的非饱和含湿多孔介质加热条件下的热质传输模型。含湿率低于临界值时,由于不同孔隙内水分互不接触,无法在高低含湿率区域间产生由于毛细作用而引起的液体流动,因而忽略介质中液相毛细流动;当含湿率高于临界值时,则考虑液相毛细流动。利用建立的模型,对加热条件下低于和高于临界含湿率情况下的堆积颗粒多孔介质中水分迁移情况进行了分析。模拟分析及实验研究表明应根据含湿率与临界含湿率关系确定是否考虑由毛细力引起的流动。  相似文献   

5.
通过对液体流动条件下毛细管管口气泡生长及脱离过程进行可视化实验.分析了毛细管管壁浸润性,液体流速以及气体流量对气泡生长脱离过程的影响.实验结果表明:随着液体流速的增大,液体对气泡的横向剪切力增大,气泡的脱离周期减小,气泡的脱离直径也随着减小.同时,实验还发现随着气体流量的增大,使气泡生长动力增大,气泡的脱离周期减小;另外,实验还揭示出毛细管管壁浸润性的改变,将导致气泡生长过程中气固液三相接触线发生径向迁移.  相似文献   

6.
为了探究超声波场对多孔纤维干燥过程热湿迁移的影响,对有无超声波作用下多孔纤维的干燥过程进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:无超声波作用时,多孔纤维干燥包括恒速和降速两个阶段,且其转化临界点在干基含湿率为0.5左右;施加超声波场之后,干燥过程只有降速阶段,且随着功率的增加超声波的强化作用逐渐增强,功率和干燥速率呈现非线性关系;随着干燥过程的进行,含湿量降低,超声波的强化作用逐渐削弱;为了减少能耗当干基含湿率降低至0.5时即可终止干燥。  相似文献   

7.
针对骨架颗粒的多层物理结构问题,运用孔道网络方法、热质传递原理和多尺度理论等知识,建立了颗粒堆积多孔介质干燥的多尺度多层结构传热传质模型。以稻谷堆为典型代表进行热风干燥试验验证,模拟分析了颗粒内部不同组织物理特性等因素对干燥过程的影响。结果表明:建立的模型可有效模拟稻谷堆干燥过程;稻谷颗粒内存在较大的水分梯度。胚扩散系数对干燥过程的影响十分显著,其次是壳扩散系数,衣扩散系数影响最小;较小的胚扩散系数可将湿分有效地"囚禁"在胚内。  相似文献   

8.
以工程上常用的66%的乙二醇水溶液作为工质,对几何特性相似而高宽比不同的4种纯铝矩形微通道内的流动特性进行了实验研究,得到了微通道冷板基础性的设计数据。实验测量了Reynolds数在50~500之间的流动阻力系数。实验结果表明:通道高度H与宽度W之比对微通道流阻特性有显著的影响;当Re数小于100时,在实验误差内,流动阻力系数的值近似等于经典理论计算值;随着Re数的增大和高宽比的变化,f的值远大于理论值,这可能是由微通道内部壁面粗糙度效应所导致的。  相似文献   

9.
周宏伟  王林伟  徐升华  孙祉伟 《物理学报》2015,64(12):124703-124703
利用落塔的短时微重力条件, 实验研究了与容器连通的毛细管中的流体在微重力条件下的毛细流动过程, 并通过理论分析建立了相应的毛细管中弯月液面高度随时间变化的微分方程. 结果表明, 对于不同的接触角和不同的容器/毛细管参数, 由建立的理论公式得到的数值解结果都与实验结果在定量上较为一致. 此外, 实验中发现, 改变乙醇和去离子水混合液的比例可以明显地改变接触角参数, 但对毛细流动的影响很小, 建立的理论公式也对这一现象给出了合理的解释. 该研究对于预测和分析微流道及空间微重力条件下的毛细流动行为具有明显的应用价值.  相似文献   

10.
对氮气和氦气在粗糙微通道以及光滑微通道内流动进行了阻力特性实验研究。实验结果表明,即使在较小的相对粗糙度高度下,由于微通道中的粗糙度分布密集,会极大地增加流动阻力,这是导致文献中微通道流动阻力系数实验值相互偏差的主要原因之一;而对于滑移区的气体流动,气体稀薄性使流动阻力明显减小而导致流量增加。  相似文献   

11.
The problem of drying a porous permeable material is considered. Self-similar solutions are derived for the process of the moisture diffusion transport. The dependence of drying intensity on the porous medium initial state as well as on the parameters of external effect is investigated.  相似文献   

12.
菜豆种子薄层干燥物料内部水分扩散系数的确定   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文将数值方法应用于物性测试,用反问题的研究方法,通过建立物料的内部水分扩散模型及边界条件的处理,把反映物料干燥过程动态特性的实验含水率曲线与物料颗粒内部的水分扩散结合起来,确定物料颗粒在非稳态脱水过程中的内部水分扩散系数,并分析内部水分分布及其动态特性。计算结果与实验曲线拟合的分析表明,本文的方法是可行的,对于进一步分析干燥过程参数对种子劣变的影响及确定优化的干燥工艺从而达到干燥控制的目的有重要的意义。  相似文献   

13.
Moisture and salt transport in masonry can give rise to damages. Therefore a detailed knowledge of the moisture and salt transport is essential for understanding the durability of masonry. A special NMR apparatus has been made allowing quasi-simultaneous measurements of both moisture and Na profiles in porous building materials. Using this apparatus both the absorption of a 4 M NaCl solution in a calcium silicate brick and the drying of a 3 M NaCl capillary saturated fired-clay brick have been studied. It was found that during the absorption process the Na ions clearly stay behind, which this is caused by adsorption of these ions to the pore surface. For the drying it was found that at the beginning of the drying process the ions accumulate near the surface. As the drying rate decreases, diffusion becomes dominant and the ion profile levels off again.  相似文献   

14.
以废弃核桃壳为载体材料、癸酸为相变材料,采用微波加热法制备癸酸/多孔活性炭功能材料。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪对癸酸/多孔活性炭功能材料制备过程各阶段的合成物质进行测试,即活性炭前驱体制备阶段、多孔活性炭制备阶段和癸酸/多孔活性炭功能材料制备阶段。研究癸酸/多孔活性炭功能材料制备过程中多孔活性炭复杂网络结构形成机理、癸酸嵌入方式、癸酸与多孔活性炭的嵌合机理,阐明微波加热法制备癸酸/多孔活性炭功能材料的相关机理。同时采用动态水分吸附分析仪、差示扫描量热仪和环境测试舱对癸酸/多孔活性炭功能材料的湿性能、热性能和吸附性能进行测试。结果表明:癸酸/多孔活性炭功能材料具有发达的孔结构和复杂的网络结构,其中部分孔隙吸附癸酸,部分孔隙吸附甲醛分子,孔隙表面具有亲水性的官能团吸附水分子。癸酸/多孔活性炭功能材料具有较好的湿性能、热性能和吸附性能,其在相对湿度40%~60%,平衡含湿量为0.063 1~0.257 0g·g~(-1);相变温度为27.42~33.96℃,相变焓为52.14~52.67J·g~(-1);经过4h对甲醛气体的吸附效率为50.57%。  相似文献   

15.
激光脉冲加热下含湿多孔介质温湿信号的测量与分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文介绍了一种动态测量激光脉冲加热下多孔介质温湿信号变化的方法。借助于响应时间为1μs的超小型薄膜电阻及日本 YOKOGAWA DL2700数字示波器,研制了能对激光脉冲加热下多孔介质温湿信号的变化迅速作出响应的测量系统。利用可编程NdYAG激光发生器触发高能流密度的小尺寸短脉冲激光,轰击有高空隙率及热延迟时间为秒量级的纸张,进行测定多孔介质温湿信号变化的实验。通过实验发现,在该测量系统下可观测到明显的湿纸张温度信号的阶跃与波动效应以及湿份信号的突变特征。信号洁净、干扰小、信噪比高,信号有良好的跟随性,从而为研究多孔介质超急速传热传质过程中热质的传递行为提供实验测量手段。  相似文献   

16.
Salt weathering is a major cause of deterioration of porous building materials. To obtain information about the mechanisms underlying these damage processes we have studied the moisture and ion transport. We measured the time evolution of NaCl saturated samples of fired-clay brick during one-sided drying using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The moisture content and amount of dissolved Na ions could be measured quantitatively as a function of position. The NaCl concentration profiles obtained from these data reflect the competition between advection to the surface and redistribution by diffusion. By representing the measured moisture and NaCl profiles in an efflorescence pathway diagram (EPD) also the crystallization can be taken into account.  相似文献   

17.
多孔介质体干燥过程中含水率分布的可视化研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
工业中应用广泛的食品干燥等干燥现象,多是含水多孔介质体的干燥。本文利用可视化实验,研究了含水多孔介质体的干燥现象。并利用实验拍摄的数字图像进行分析和含水率计算,提出干燥过程中含水率分布图像化的方法,并讨论了将此图像化方法应用于含水多孔介质体干燥的可行性。  相似文献   

18.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to study the moisture migration inside single corn kernel during artificial drying. MRI data were taken every half an hour during drying while the intact kernel was kept inside the magnet. The moisture distribution was not uniform inside the kernel during drying, with the fastest moisture loss being detected in the endosperm, whilst the scutellum maintained the water. Resultant gradient vectors were visualized, as a new evaluation method, from each pixel of the subtraction of segmented MRI images showing the movement of proton density inside the kernel. The data matrix containing the gradient vectors can be stored for latter use as input parameters and to check the mass transfer models.  相似文献   

19.
The aim of these studies was to investigate the influence of airborne ultrasound-assisted convective drying and microwave-assisted convective drying, as well as their combination, on process kinetics, total color change, water activity, content of carotenoids, polyphenols and antioxidant activity of carrots (Daucus carota L.). The global model of drying kinetics based on coupled ordinary differential equations was used to describe the moisture and material temperature profiles during drying. Application of ultrasound and microwave in convective drying reduced drying time in the range of 9–81%, but the shortest drying time was observed for simultaneous action of convection, ultrasound and microwave. The results of qualitative analysis showed a product improvement due to ultrasound as compared to convective drying and microwave-convective drying. The proposed mathematical model of drying kinetics successfully simulated real drying processes. The proposed mathematical model of drying kinetics successfully simulated real hybrid drying processes.  相似文献   

20.
High-moisture municipal solid waste leads to lower heat value, lower combustion efficiency, and frequent and serious erosion during incinerating. Municipal solid waste should be dried before being efficiently incinerated. The purpose of this work is to carry out experimental study and simulation on characteristics of moisture migration of municipal solid waste matrices at medium temperature (100°C–200°C) in a muffle furnace. Obvious shrinkage during moisture migration of biological waste matrices with high initial moisture content was observed. The results showed the initial moisture content and framework mobility of waste matrices and the rate of moisture migration influence on shrinkage; and linear relationships between shrinkage and moisture content ratio of waste matrices during the first falling-rate period at certain drying temperature were established. Certain experimental results of drying characteristics of moisture migration of biological waste matrices, such as potato slices and watermelon peels, under medium temperature were simulated using the shrinkage model with introducing a shrinkage term in the governing equations. The model was numerically solved by applying the finite-differences method. The results show good agreement with experiment data. The shrinkage of biological waste matrices can enhance surface heat transfer of matrices. Thus, shrinkage plays an important role in the drying behavior of high-moisture biological municipal solid waste matrices.  相似文献   

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