Ni2(OCH3)2/SiO2催化剂上CO2和CH3OH的吸附和反应性能

采用表面改性和离子交换相结合的方法制备了Ni2 (OCH3 ) 2 /SiO2 负载型双核金属甲氧基配合物催化剂 ,利用红外光谱 (IR)、程序升温脱附 (TPD)、程序升温表面反应 (TPSR)和微反技术考察了催化剂的表面结构以及CO2 和CH3 OH的化学吸附和反应性能 .结果表明 :Ni2 (OCH3 ) 2 /SiO2 中Ni2 + 与载体SiO2 表面O2 -以双齿配位形式键合 ,甲氧基以桥基形式联结双金属离子形成双核物种Ni2 (OCH3 ) 2 ;CO2 在催化剂表面存在甲氧碳酸酯基物种和桥式两种吸附态 ,CH3 OH则只有一种分子吸附态 ;在 10 0～ 2 0 0℃条件下 ,CO2 和CH3 OH在催化剂上的反应产物主要是DMC和H2 O ;根据反应结果 ,讨论了催化反应机理 .     

异丁烷部分氧化V-P-O/SiO2催化剂的研究

采用溶胶 凝胶法制备了V2 O5 /SiO2 和V2 O5 P2 O5 /SiO2 催化剂 ,用XRD、TPR、IR、TPD和微反应等技术研究了催化剂的表面结构、晶格氧活泼性、化学吸附和异丁烷部分氧化反应性能 .结果表明 ,催化剂的活性组份在无定型的SiO2 表面上呈超细粒子均匀分布 ,表面活性位主要由Lewis碱位 (V =O键的端氧、V -O -V键的桥氧 )和Lewis酸位 (Vn + )构成 ,PO43 - 的引入可以降低表面Lewis碱位V =O键端氧的活泼性 ;异丁烷分子主要通过两个甲基中H双位吸附在催化剂表面Lewis碱位V =O的端氧上 ,PO43 - 的引入使异丁烷的吸附强度略有下降 ;异丁烷在V2 O5 P2 O5 /SiO2 催化剂上反应产物主要是i C4H8、MAL、MAA和COx,PO43 - 的引入可以明显的提高部分氧化产物的选择性     

Ni_2P/介孔分子筛催化剂的原位漫反射红外光谱研究

以介孔分子筛MCM-41,MCM-48,SBA-15,SBA-16为载体,硝酸镍为镍源,磷酸氢二铵为磷源,通过浸渍法制备了含有磷化镍前体的介孔分子筛样品,然后在氢气气氛中进行程序升温还原,得到了磷化镍/介孔分子筛催化剂.采用原位漫反射红外光谱法,用CO作为探针分子,对样品的吸附特征进行了研究.结果表明,在介孔分子筛表面CO存在着较弱的物理吸附.在Ni2P/MCM-41催化剂样品表面有四种CO的吸附态:(1)在2055cm-1处形成的Ni(CO)4物种的吸附,(2)在2 091cm-1处的配位不饱和Niδ(0<δ<1)物种上的吸附,(3)在2 127 cm-1处的Ni+物种上的吸附,(4)在2 198～2 202 cm-1范围内的P物种上的吸附.在Ni2P/MCM-48,Ni2P/SBA-15,Ni2P/SBAZ-16催化剂样品表面有二种CO的吸附态:在2 051～2 055cm-1处的Ni(CO)4吸附和在2 093～2 096 cm-1处的配位不饱和Niδ+(0<δ<1)物种上的吸附.     

Ni2（OCH3）2／SiO2催化剂上C02和CH30H的吸附和反应性能

采用表面改性和离子交换相结合的方法制备了Ni2(OCH3)2／Si02负载型双核金属甲氧基配合物催化剂，利用红外光谱(IR)、程序升温脱附(TPD)、程序升温表面反应(TPSR)和微反技术考察了催化剂的表面结构以及C02和CH30H的化学吸附和反应性能．结果表明：Ni2(OCH3)2／SiO2中Ni^2+与载体SiO2表面O^2-以双齿配位形式键合，甲氧基以桥基形式联结双金属离子形成双核物种Ni2(OCH3)2；CO2在催化剂表面存在甲氧碳酸酚基物种和桥式两种吸附态，CH30H则只有一种分子吸附态；在100—200℃条件下，C02和CH30H在催化剂上的反应产物主要是DMC和H20；根据反应结果，讨论了催化反应机理．     

原位DRIFTS研究CH4部分氧化和CO2重整的耦合

8%Ru-5?/γ-Al2O3催化剂对于甲烷的低温活化具有较好的催化活性,在500℃下甲烷、二氧化碳和氧气的耦合反应中,吸热反应二氧化碳重整和放热反应甲烷部分氧化进行耦合强化,使得耦合反应中的甲烷转化率为38.8%。用原位漫反射傅里叶红外光谱法对钌系催化剂耦合甲烷部分氧化和二氧化碳重整反应体系机理进行研究。CO在8%Ru-5?/γ-Al2O3上吸附,表明CO在催化剂表面上波数为2 167 cm-1(2 118 cm-1)和2031 cm-1(2 034 cm-1)处形成孪生态Ru(CO)2和Ce(CO)2吸附物种,而且高温下CO吸附物种很容易从催化剂表面脱附出来。原位漫反射红外实验结果表明甲烷部分氧化反应时催化剂表面上有吸附物种碳酸根、甲酰基(甲酸盐)和一氧化碳的形成,其中表面的甲酰基和甲酸盐物种是甲烷部分氧化反应的主要活性中间物,这些中间活性中间体由甲烷吸附态CHx和催化剂表面的氧吸附态结合而形成的,随后这种中间物种再分解为CO产物;甲烷和二氧化碳重整反应时没有新的吸附物种产生,由此提出重整反应的机理是吸附态的甲烷和二氧化碳在催化剂活性中心上进行活化解离而生成合成气;甲烷、二氧化碳和氧气耦合反应过程中出现新的羟基物种(桥式羟基Ru-(OH)2),耦合反应机理复杂可能是由部分氧化和重整两类反应机理的复合,其中桥式羟基Ru-(OH)2参与了反应的进行。     

原位漫反射红外光谱研究NO在Ag/SAPO-34催化剂上的选择性催化还原

原位漫反射红外光谱研究NO在Ag/SAPO 34催化剂上的选择性催化还原过程。考察了以丙烯为还原剂 ,在富氧及 573～ 773K温度条件下的反应。通过比较初始混合气中加氧或不加氧时反应的原位光谱 ,探讨了氧在NO还原过程中的作用。结果表明 ,氧能充分促进丙稀活化以及增加NOx 吸附态含量 ,并且氧的存在是有效产生有机 氮氧化物 (R NO2 ,R ONO)不可缺少的条件。基于光谱实验 ,认为反应机理为 :NO ,丙烯和氧反应 ,在Ag/SAPO 34催化剂上生成吸附的有机 氮氧化物 ,再由这些吸附物种分解成N2 ,催化还原的关键是形成有机 氮氧化物中间体。     

激光促进异丁烷选择氧化制甲基丙烯酸

用共沉淀法制备了Fe和Mo的复合氧化物。运用XRD,IR,TPD和LSSR技术研究了其晶体结构,表面构造,化学吸附特性和激光促进异丁烷选择氧化反应性能,结果表明,Fe-Mo-O的主体物相为Fe2(MoO4)3,并有少量的MoO3相;其表面上存在Lewis碱位（Mo=O和Mo0O-Fe键中的O）及Lewis酸位Fe^3+,异丁烷的两个甲基H分别吸附在两个相邻的Lewis碱位（Mo=O)上形成双位分子吸附态;在常压和200度条件下,用一定频率的激光激发Mo=O键1000次,异丁烷的转化率为5．8％,其反应产物是异丁烯,甲基丙烯醛和甲基丙烯酸,其中甲基丙烯酸的选择性为80％,根据实验结果,探讨了激光促进异丁烷选择氧化为甲基丙烯酸的表面反应机理。     

Ni3V2O8催化性能与X射线光电子能谱分析

文章采用微波加热,草酸盐共沉淀法制备了Ni3V2O8催化剂,并对催化剂进行了BET,XRD,H2-TPR,XPS,TEM和电导等技术表征,分析研究了Ni3V2O8催化剂的丙烷氧化脱氢(ODH)制丙烯催化性能与其表面物种的关系.XRD,TEM和电导实验结果表明本方法制得的Ni3V2O8催化剂晶粒均匀,平均粒径为30 nm,具有p-型半导体性质.TPR和XPS实验结果显示Ni3V2O8催化剂中,晶格氧可以较容易转换成未完全还原氧,使催化剂内各种价态的钒之间易于进行氧化还原反应并形成氧缺位,从而催化剂的表面含有较多未充分还原氧物种O-和V4 物种.催化活性结果显示当丙烷的转化率为18.60%,丙烯选择性达到60.02%,在相同转化率条件下,比文献报道的NiO和Ni3V2O8共存催化体系中的丙烯选择性高,说明Ni3V2O8催化剂中存在未充分还原的O-和V4 物种有利于提高丙烯的选择性.     

Au10催化CO氧化反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法研究了Au10团簇催化CO氧化反应的详细机理. 对CO、O2、O、CO2四种主要吸附物及CO+O2、CO2+O、CO+O和CO+O+O四种共吸附物的吸附行为进行计算, 得到最佳活性吸附位. 模拟反应分别按照Langmuir-Hinshelwood(LH)机理和Eley-Rideal(ER)机理进行, 其中LH机理包括L1、L2两条路径, ER机理包括E1、E2两条路径. 通过对各路径活化能比较得到: 首先CO+O2→CO2+O反应按照LH机理进行的可能性较大, 并且相比较L1、L2两条路径, 由于反应按照L1路径进行时只需克服33.9和56.4 kJ•mol-1的能垒, 所以反应更易按照L1路径进行, 最佳反应路径为O2(gas)+CO(gas)→O2(ads)+CO(gas)→O2(ads)+CO(ads)→OCOO(ads)→O(ads)+ CO2(ads); 然后CO+O→CO2反应分别克服6.9和4.3 kJ•mol-1能垒, 放热352.1 kJ•mol-1, 说明低温下吸附态的O原子很容易与CO反应生成第二个CO2分子.     

Ni(111)表面一氧化碳和氢共吸附的密度泛函理论研究

本文用密度泛函理论(DFT)的总能计算研究了一氧化碳和氢原子在Ni(111)表面上p(2×2)共吸附系统的原子结构和电子态，结果表明CO和H原子分别被吸附于两个对角p(1×1)元胞的hcp和fcc位置.以氢分子和CO分子作为能量参考点，总吸附能为2.81 eV，相应的共吸附表面功函数φ为6.28 eV.计算得到的C—O，C—Ni和H—Ni的键长分别是1.19?, 1.96?和 1.71?，并且CO分子以C原子处于hcp的谷位与金属衬底原子结合.衬底Ni(111)的最外两层的晶面间距在吸附后的相对变化分别是 关键词： Fisher-Tropsch反应 催化作用 Ni(111) p(2×2)/(CO+H) 共吸附     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.