N=127同中子核素激发态的RMF理论研究

在球形相对论平均场模型下,采用PK1和NL3相互作用, 对N=127同中子核素的基态和低激发态进行了研究,获得了价核子的激发能及中子、 质子和最后一个中子的密度分布, 指出209Pb的3d_5/2,4s_1/2和3d_3/2激发态可能存在一个中子晕结构,207Hg,208Tl,210Bi和211Po的3d5/2,4s_1/2及3d_3/2激发态也可能存在一个中子晕结构。Properties of the ground state and the excited states in N=127 isotones are investigated with relativistic mean field theory with　 the interactions PK1 and　 NL3. By analyzing the rms of proton and neutron, the single particle levels of valence nucleon and the density distributions of neutron, proton and the last neutron, it can be found that there exists a neutron halo in the excited states of 3d_5/2,4s_1/2 and 3d_3/2. It is also predicted that there exists 　a neutron halo in the excited states of 3d_5/2,4s_1/2 and 3d_3/2 in 207Hg,208Tl,210Bi and 211Po.     

Isospin effect of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section in excited nuclear reactions

Using relativistic mean field theory, the neutron and the proton density distribution of ⁵⁶Ni nuclei could be obtained in the ground state and the excited state. Based on the framework of the quantum molecular dynamics model, the ⁵⁶Ni nuclei have been simulated in ground state and in the neutron or proton excited state. We then used the three different states of ⁵⁶Ni to collide with the ⁵⁶Ni in the ground state. To discuss the evolution of the nuclear stopping in different reactions, two kinds of different excited nuclear reactions were studied at different reaction energies and at different impact parameters. Studies have shown that the nuclear stopping of an excited nuclear reaction is sensitive to the isospin-dependent in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section, compared with the response value of the ground state nuclear reaction. So, it is better for the excited nuclei to extract the isospin dependence of nucleon-nucleon cross section information.     

10Be中子谱因子的实验研究

核谱因子描述了单粒子轨道中核子的占有状态,在核结构和核天体物理中有重要的应用。目前国际上10Be中子谱因子的研究结果存在3倍左右的差异。本实验利用中国原子能科学研究院HI-13串列加速器的高灵敏度Q3D磁谱仪,对13C（9Be,10Be）12C反应角分布进行了精确测量。通过实验数据和扭曲波玻恩近似（DWBA）计算结果进行比较,导出了10Be的中子谱因子。该结果与转动不变壳模型理论及曾敏尔等的评价结果基本一致。利用该结果可以得到9Be（n,γ）10Be的天体物理反应率,评价该反应在相关天体环境中对CNO循环种子核12C的影响,为核结构和核天体物理提供可靠数据。Spectroscopic factor describes the overlap between the initial and final states and gives some information on the occupancy of a given single-particle orbiting around nuclear. It plays an important role in a variety of topics on nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics. Nowadays, several experiments have been performed to study the neutron spectroscopic factor of 10Be, but the results have a big difference with each other. In order to clarify this discrepancy, new measurement is highly needed. In this work, the angular distribution of 13C(9Be,10Be)12C reaction was measured at the Q3D magnetic spectrometer of the HI-13 tandem accelerator, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing. And then, the neutron spectroscopic factor of 10Be was derived by normalizing the calculational differential cross-sections with the distorted-wave Born approximation to the experimental data. The present value is in good agreement with that obtained by Tsang et al. and also in good agreement with that derived from translationary invariant shell model calculation. One can use this result to calculate the 9Be(n, γ)10Be reaction rates and calculate its influence to the production of 12C.     

Structures of ^17F and ^17O, ^17Ne and ^17N in the Ground State and the First Excited State

The structures of two couples of mirror nuclei ^17F and ^17O, ^17Ne and ^17N in the ground state and in the first excited state are investigated using the relativistic mean-field approach. Two-proton halo in ^17Ne in the first excited state and in the ground state and two-neutron halo in ^17N in the first excited state are suggested.Meanwhile, one-proton halo in ^17F in the first excited state and one-neutron halo in ^17O in the first excited state are also suggested. The skin structure appears in ^17F and ^17N in the ground state.     

镜像核13N-13C 和15N-15O中的激发态晕或皮(英文)

用非线性相对论平均场对两对镜像核13N-13C 和15N-15O进行了研究. 发现无论在基态还是激发态， 用两套参数所得的结合能都跟实验值很接近. 计算结果显示13N的第一激发态（2s1/2）和第三激发态（1d5/2）各存在一个非束缚的质子晕， 而13C的第三激发态（1d5/2）存在一个弱束缚的中子皮. 另外研究表明, 在另一对镜像核15N-15O的第二激发态（2s1/2）和第一激发态（2s1/2）分别存在一个中子晕和质子皮. Properties of two pairs of mirror nuclei 13N-13C and15N-15O are investigated by using the nonlinear relativistic mean field theory. It is found that all the calculated binding energies with two different parameter sets are very close to the experimental ones for both the ground states and the excited states. The calculations show that the first excited state (2s1/2) and the third excited state (1d5/2) in 13N are both unbound resonances with proton halo structure, whereas the third excited state (1d5/2) in 13C is weakly bound with a neutron skin. It is also predicted that there has a proton halo in the second excited state (2s1/2) of 15N as well as a neutron skin in the first excited state (2s1/2) of 15O.     

Neutron Spectroscopic Factors of ^7Li and Astrophysical ^6Li（n,γ）^7Li Reaction Rates

Angular distributions of the ^7Li（^6Li, ^6Li）^7Li elastic scattering and the ^7Li（^6Li, ^7Lig.s.）^6Li, ^7Li（^6Li, ^7Li0.48）^6Li transfer reactions at Ec.m. = 23.7 MeV are measured with the Q3D magnetic spectrograph. The optical potential of ^6Li ＋ ^7Li is obtained by fitting the elastic scattering differential cross sections. Based on the distorted wave Born approximation （DWBA） analysis, spectroscopic factors of ^7Li =^6Li n are determined to be 0.73 ± 0.05 and 0.90 ± 0.09 for the ground and first exited states in ^7Li, respectively. Using the spectroscopic factors, the cross sections of the ^6 Li（n, γ0,1）^7 Li direct neutron capture reactions and the astrophysical ^6Li（n, γ）^7 Li reaction rates are derived.     

Disentangling the Effects of Thickness of the Neutron Skin and Symmetry Potential in Nucleon Induced Reactions on Sn Isotopes

The effects of density dependence of symmetry energy and the thickness of the neutron skin in proton （neutron） induced reactions on Sn isotopes are investigated by means of the improved molecular dynamics model. The investigation shows that the target size dependence of the reaction cross sections for proton induced reactions on Sn isotopes is sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy and less sensitive to the thickness of the neutron skin of the target nuclei, but that, for neutron induced reactions on Sn isotopes, it is less sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy and sensitive to the thickness of the neutron skin of the target nucleus.     

Isospin effect of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section in excited nuclear reactions

Using relativistic mean field theory, the neutron and the proton density distribution of 56Ni nuclei could be obtained in the ground state and the excited state. Based on the framework of the quantum molecular dynamics model, the 56Ni nuclei have been simulated in ground state and in the neutron or proton excited state. We then used the three different states of 56Ni to collide with the 56Ni in the ground state. To discuss the evolution of the nuclear stopping in different reactions, two kinds of different excited nuclear reactions were studied at different reaction energies and at different impact parameters. Studies have shown that the nuclear stopping of an excited nuclear reaction is sensitive to the isospin-dependent in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section, compared with the response value of the ground state nuclear reaction. So, it is better for the excited nuclei to extract the isospin dependence of nucleon-nucleon cross section information.     

大型壳模型计算中的截断效应对132Sn附近丰中子空穴核能级结构的影响

以双幻核132Sn以及附近的空穴核131Sn,130Sn,131In,130In,130Cd为例,研究了大型壳模型计算中的截断效应对该核区能级结构以及电四极跃迁的影响,其中截断包括了有无中子跨壳激发,以及限制轨道粒子数两种情况。计算结果表明,只有在允许质子跨壳激发的情况下才能给出130In与实验相符的基态能级,而允许两个中子的跨壳激发则会改善132Sn的低激发能级结构。此外中子壳芯激发也会对该核区空穴核的低激发能级有一定的影响,相应低能态之间的电四极跃迁则更加敏感地反映出了空间截断效应的影响。With two different truncations, i.e., neutron core-excitation truncation and orbital particle-number truncation, the research is studied at the truncation effects in shell-model calculations by the hole nuclei of 130Sn, 131Sn, 130In, 130In and 130Cd. We found that the right ground state of 130In needs proton core-excitation in shell model space, and allowing two neutron core-excitations will promote the low-lying states in 132Sn. The neutron core-excitations will also slightly affect the low-lying levels of hole-nuclei close to 132Sn, and the values of BE2 between the corresponded low-lying states reflect more obviously to the neutron core-excitations.     

中子物质中超流性的自能色散效应

利用扩展的 Brueckner- Hartree- Fock理论与推广的 BCS方法研究了自能的色散效应和基态关联对中子物质中超流性和能隙的影响 .研究结果表明 ,自能的色散效应使中子物质中能隙减小;考虑基态关联后 ,超流性将进一步减弱. The effects of the dispersion and ground state correlation of the single particle self-energy on neutron matter superfluidity have been investigated in the framework of the Extended Brueckner-Hartree-Fock and the generalized BCS approaches. A sizable reduction of the energy gap is found due to the energy dependence of the self-energy. And the inclusion of the ground state correlations in the self-energy suppresses further the neutron matter superfluidity.     

Calculation of astrophysical reaction rate of 82Ge(n,γ)83Ge

The neutron capture reaction on a neutron-rich near closed-shell nucleus 82Ge may play an important role in the r-process following the fallout from nuclear statistical equilibrium in core-collapse supernovae.By carrying out a DWBA analysis for the experimental angular distribution of 82Ge(d, p)83Ge reaction we obtain the single particle spectroscopic factors, S2,5/2 and S0,1/2 for the ground and first excited states of 83Ge=82Ge(⊕)n, respectively. And then these spectroscopic factors are used to calculate the direct capture cross sections for the 82Ge(n, γ)83Ge reaction at energies of astrophysical interest. The optical potential for neutron scattering on unstable nucleus 82Ge is not known experimentally. We employed a real folding potential which was calculated by using the proper 82Ge density distribution and an effective nucleon-nucleon force DDM3Y.The neutron capture reactions on neutron-rich closed-shell nuclei are expected to be dominated by the direct capture to bound states. We will show that the direct capture rates on these nuclei are sensitive to the structure of the low-lying states.     

A study of the Li(p,n)Be reaction by the neutron threshold technique

The reaction ⁶Li(p,n)⁶Be has been studied by slow-neutron detection, with particular attention to the ⁶Be ground state threshold. The detector response was calculated by a Monte Carlo technique and verified with a measurement of the ⁷Li(,n)¹⁰B threshold. An analysis of the shape of the ⁶Be threshold indicated that both s- and p-wave neutrons contribute significantly to the reaction. The results depend on what mode of decay is assumed for the ground state of ⁶Be. If a two-stage process is assumed, with either an alpha particle and an unbound diproton or ⁵Li and a proton as intermediate state, the width is found to be 95±28 keV and the Q-value obtained for the ⁶Li(p,n)⁶Be reaction is −5074±13 keV. It was not possible to detertmine which process is predominant. No higher thresholds in the slow neutron yield up to 4 MeV of excitation in ⁶Be were observed. The data above the ground state threshold are consistent with a broad excited state of ⁶Be or with the occurrence of other neutron-producing reactions.     

Isobaric analogue resonances in proton scattering on Ba

Extensive experimental data for the resonance scatttering of protons to the ground state and first excited state in ¹³⁸Ba are presented. A Breit Wigner analysis with a background term of the form Σ_n(a_n/Eⁿ) is performed and the extracted background function is compared with optical-model calculations using the parameters given in a detailed investigation by Perey. Neutron spectroscopic factors calculated in different ways from this data are compared with the corresponding factors from (d, p). An accurate determination of resonance energies for the first two resonances reveals a deviation from a constant Coulomb shift of the order of 10 keV.     

Excitation of ΔL = 1 resonances in the (p,n) reaction on Zr, Sn, Ce and Pb at Ep = 41 MeV

A broad peak was systematically observed at about 10 MeV above the Gamow-Teller resonance in the ⁹⁰Zr, ¹²⁰Sn, ¹⁴⁰Ce, ²⁰⁸Pb (p,n) reactions at E_p = 41 MeV. The angular distribution shapes of these peaks support the interpretation that they they correspond to ΔL = 1 state. The data are compared with TDA-DWBA calculations.     

Study of the structure of S and Ar

The ³⁷Cl(d, ³He)³⁶S and ³⁹K(d, ³He)³⁸ Ar reactions have been studied at a bombarding energy of 28.9 MeV. The results are compared with theoretical calculations for two or four holes in the sd-shell. The three-hole spectrum of ³⁷Cl is also briefly discussed. In the calculation for ³⁸Ar, additional states of a two-particle four-hole nature are included. In ³⁸Ar, the ground state and levels at 2.166 and 7.14 MeV are excited principally by l = 2 transfer, while transitions with appreciable l = 0 strength are observed to levels at 3.935, 4.569, 5.158 and 5.563 MeV. This fragmentation is quite well reproduced by the inclusion of the 2p-4h states. In particular the level at 3.935 MeV is largely of this type, a conclusion supported by both the spectroscopic factors and γ transition rates. The ³⁶S ground state and levels at 6.511 and 7.12 MeV in ³⁶S have angular distributions characteristic of l = 2. Three transitions with l = 0 strength are observed to levels at 3.295, 4.523 and 4.577 MeV in this nucleus. An additional level was identified at 7.71 MeV but the l-transfer could not be determined. The data are only qualitatively reproduced by the four-hole calculation, which while useful in making probable J^π assignments, suggests that core excitation is important here also.     

Rotational bands in Ho

The excited states of the deformed odd-proton nucleus ¹⁶¹Ho have been studied in the reactions ¹⁵⁹Tb(, 2n), ¹⁶¹Dy(d, 2n) and ¹⁶¹Dy(p, n). Gamma-ray spectra in single and coincidence modes as well as angular distributions and excitation functions of the transitions were measured. The proposed level scheme of ¹⁶¹Ho contains besides of the ground state band ⁻[523] the bands ⁺[404], ⁺[411], ⁺[411] and ⁻ [541] (band heads at 252.7, 298.7, 211.2 and 423.9 keV, respectively). An attempt was made to estimate the influence of Coriolis coupling between the bands ⁺ [411] and ⁺ [411], which are very close in energy. The ⁺ [404] band was found to de-excite by very fast E1 transitions to the ground state band ⁻[523]. Nilsson retardation factors of about 0.03 for these transitions were deduced using the E2/E1 branching ratios. An investigation has also been made of the independent feeding of the levels from high-lying states.     

Neutron Halos in the Excited States of Spherical Nuclei Near the β-Stable Line

The newly discovered neutron halos in the excited states of nuclei ¹²B, ¹³C, and ²⁰⁹Pb are studied by the relativistic mean-field theory. The calculated binding energies are very close to the experimental ones. The experimentally extracted root-mean-square radii of the last neutron with different occupations in nuclei are well reproduced by calculations. New candidates for the neutron halos in excited states are predicted and are useful for further search of neutron halos in the excited states of stable nuclei.     

Probing Shell Correction at High Spin by Neutron Emission of Doubly Magic Nuclei 208Pb and 132Sn

Shell effects in particle emission for two doubly magic nuclei ^132Sn and ^208pb were studied in the framework of Smoluchowski equation taking into account temperature and spin-dependent shell correction. It is shown that the shelle ffects in the emission of pre-scission neutrons are sensitive to the spin dependence of the shell correction at a moderate excitation energy. Therefore, we propose to use neutron multiplicity as an observable to probe the shell correction at high spins.