Properties of the β-delayed proton decay of ~(146)Ho

The proton-rich isotope 146Ho was produced via the fusion-evaporation reaction 92Mo (58Ni, 3p1n). The β-delayed proton decay of 146Ho was studied by proton-γ coincidence measurements using a He-jet tape transport system. The γ-transitions in 145Tb following the proton emissions were observed, and the β-delayed proton branching ratios to the final states in the grand-daughter nucleus 145Tb were determined. According to the relative branching ratios, the ground-state spin of 146Ho has been proposed and the possible configuration discussed.     

β-delayed proton decay of the proton drip-line nucleus 142Ho in the rare-earth region

New β-delayed proton precursor 142Ho was produced via heavy ion induced reaction 106Cd(40Ca, p3n), and identified for the first time by using a He-jet fast tape transport system in combination with "p-γ" coincidence measurements. The β-delayed proton decay of 142Ho was observed and its half life was determined to be (0.4±0.1) s. By fitting the experimental relative branching ratios to final states in the proton daughter nucleus 141Tb and the energy spectrum of β-delayed protons with a statistical model calculation, the ground-state spin of 142Ho was assigned as 5, 6 or 7. Nuclear energy-potential-surface (EPS) calculations were performed using the Woods-Saxon Strutinsky method. The calculated results favored the assignments of 7- to 142Ho. AS the by-products, some γ-transitions in the proton daughter nuclei following the β-delayed proton decays of precursors 139Gd, 140Tb, 142Tb, and 143Dy were reported here for the first time.     

Properties of the β-delayed proton decay of 146Ho

The proton-rich isotope 146Ho was produced via the fusion-evaporation reaction ^92Mo （^58Ni, 3p1n）. The β-delayed proton decay of 146Ho was studied by proton-γ coincidence measurements using a He-jet tape transport system. The γ-transitions in ^145Tb following the proton emissions were observed, and the β-delayed proton branching ratios to the final states in the grand-daughter nucleus ^145Tb were determined. According to the relative branching ratios, the ground-state spin of 146Ho has been proposed and the possible configuration discussed.     

Proton and Two-proton Emissions from Proton-rich Nuclei with 10≦Z≦20

Proton (p) and two-proton (2p) emissions from the proton-rich nuclei with 10≦Z≦20 have been explored by the in-fight decay and implantation decay methods, respectively, in a series of experiments at the HIRFL-RIBLL facility. The in-flight 2p emissions from the excited states of 28,29S /26,27P and 17;18Ne were studied by complete-kinematics measurements. Mechanisms of 2p decay and related p-p correlations have been explored. Obvious 2p correlated emissions have been observed in the cases of 28,29S but not in 27,28P, indicating the 2p halo plays an important role in the diproton emission. In the 17;18Ne cases, a small 2p opening angles were deduced by the HBT analyses, implying the BCS-BEC crossover may occur in the dilute nuclear matter. Moreover, 27S/26P/25Si, 22Si/20Mg, 23Si/22Al/21Mg, 24Si/23Al, and 36;37Ca were implanted in a thin double-sided-silicon-strip detector and their -delayed p and 2p decays have been measured by a surrounding silicon detector array under the continuous-beam mode. Important information on the nuclear spectroscopy, such as energy, lifetime, branching-ratio, and so on, has been extracted, which helps us to understand the nuclear structures of proton-rich exotic nuclei close to the drip-line.     

Proton Emission——-Recent Results and Future Prospects

Considerable progress has been made in the study of proton-emitting nuclei since the first observation of direct proton emission nearly half a century ago. This has led to improvements in our understanding of this rare decay process and provided invaluable nuclear structure data far from the valley of beta stability. This paper reviews the implications of some recent results for exotic iridium, rhenium and tantalum isotopes and considers prospects for future experimental studies of proton-emitting nuclei located at and above the N =82 neutron shell closure.     

Projected Shell Model Description for the Proton Emitters

Proton radioactivity is an important decay mode for nuclei near the proton drip-line. Studies of this decay mode can reveal valuable information on exotic nuclear structure and provide important information on the stucture of nuclei in extreme conditions. The new experimental data can let us understand the interactions in exotic systems, which motivate further theoretical development. The most recent application of the projected shell model (PSM) for proton emitters is represented. We study the rotational bands of the deformed proton emitter 141Ho by using the PSM. The experimental data are well reproduced. Strongly suppressed γ transition from the low-lying IΠ= 3/2+ state makes this state isomeric. Variations in the dynamical moment of inertia are discussed due to band crossings using the band diagram. The calculated results for proton emitter 151Lu shows it is oblately deformed     

β-delayed Multi-particle Emission From 31Ar

The β+ decay of 31Ar was investigated in an experiment at the GSI-FRS spectrometer.The ions of interest have been produced in the fragmentation of a 36Ar beam at 880 MeV/nucleon and implanted in a time projection chamber with optical readout. In addition to β -delayed one and two proton emission, for the first time the emission of -delayed 3 protons has been observed. The branching ratio for this decay mode is found to be (0.07 ± 0.02)%.     

β-decay studies of the neutron-rich ~(18,21)N isotopes

The β-decay studies of neutron-rich 18,21N isotopes have been performed using β-n, β-γ, and β-n-γ coincidence methods. The 18,21N ions were produced by the fragmentation of the 22Ne and 26Mg beams, respectively, on a thick beryllium target. The time of flight of the emitted neutrons following the β-decay of 18,21N was measured by a neutron detector system with wide energy detection range and low-energy detection threshold. In addition, several clover germanium detectors were used to detect the β-delayed γ-r...     

Revisit to Two-Proton Radioactivity of 19Mg and Observation of Two-Proton Decay of 30Ar

An experiment aimed to investigate the two-proton (2p) decay of the previously unknown nucleus 30Ar was performed at GSI: By tracking the decay products in-flight with silicon micro-strip detectors, the 2p decays of 30Ar were observed for the first time. For the calibration purpose, 2p decays of 19Mg were also remeasured by tracking the coincident 17Ne+p+p trajectories. By comparing the measured angular p-17Ne correlations with those obtained from the corresponding Monte Carlo simulations, the simultaneous 2p decay of 19Mg ground state and the sequential 2p emission of several known excited states of 19Mg were confirmed. One new excited state in 19Mg and two new excited states in 18Na were observed.     

Calculation of decay half-lives for superheavy elements using the double folding model

α decay half-lives of some new synthesized superheavy elements, possibly synthesized superheavy elements and decay products are calculated theoretically within the WKB approximation by using microscopic m-nucleus interaction potentials. These nuclear potentials between the α particle and daughter nuclei are obtained by using the double folding integral of the matter density distribution of the α particle and daughter nuclei with a density-dependent effective nucleon-nucleon interaction, in which the zero-range exchange term is supplemented. The calculated α decay half-lives are compared with those of the different models and experimental data. It is shown that the present calculation successfully provides the half-lives of the observed αdecays for some new superheavy elements and therefore gives reliable predictions for α decay of possibly synthesized superheavy elements in future experiments.     

sd壳层极丰质子核的β延迟衰变谱学

远离β稳定线原子核的结构是当前核物理领域的一个前沿热点。β衰变谱学是研究核结构的重要方法，尤其适用于低产额的滴线核。本文回顾了近年来在RIBLL1装置上开展的sd壳区极丰质子核β延迟衰变谱学的实验研究。该工作获得了15个原子核精确的半衰期、衰变子核的质量、β延迟的质子和双质子发射以及$\gamma $跃迁的能谱、分支比和比较半衰期等数据，并重建了衰变纲图，大大丰富了此区域内质子滴线附近原子核的衰变谱学信息。还介绍了探测器阵列和实验方法，概括了所研究核的衰变性质和半衰期等。特别地，对几个典型核，20Mg和22Si以及26P和27S的衰变性质进行了阐述。此外，对相关话题，如三体力、镜像核衰变不对称性、与银河系中26Al超丰问题相关的热核反应率等问题进行了探讨。     

β-delayed proton decay of the proton drip-line nucleus142Ho in the rare-earth region

New β-delayed proton precursor¹⁴²Ho was produced via heavy ion induced reaction¹⁰⁶Cd(⁴⁰Ca, p3n), and identified for the first time by using a He-jet fast tape transport system in combination with “p-γ” coincidence measurements. The β-delayed proton decay of¹⁴²Ho was observed and its half life was determined to be (0.4±0.1) s. By fitting the experimental relative branching ratios to final states in the proton daughter nucleus¹⁴¹Tb and the energy spectrum of β-delayed protons with a statistical model calculation, the ground-state spin of¹⁴²Ho was assigned as 5, 6 or 7. Nuclear energy-potential-surface (EPS) calculations were performed using the Woods-Saxon Strutinsky method. The calculated results favored the assignments of 7⁻ to¹⁴²Ho. As the by-products, some γ-transitions in the proton daughter nuclei following the β-delayed proton decays of precursors¹³⁹Gd,¹⁴⁰Tb,¹⁴²Tb, and¹⁴³Dy were reported here for the first time.     

Quantum Barrier Penetration Studies with Oriented Nuclei: Proton and Neutron Emission from Exotic Isotopes

We report a programme of novel experiments involving direct proton emission and β-delayed proton and neutron emission for exotic nuclei oriented at low temperatures. Full modelling of the quantum tunneling and angular distribution has been made for the first time for these processes. Their study has application in many fields of natural science. The study of barrier effects involving angular momentum and non-spherical deformation can be approached more directly via single-particle emission than via alpha decay, which suffers from complications relating to preformation of the alpha particle. Using the new formalism, predictions are presented for angular distributions of β-delayed neutrons from oriented ¹³⁷I and of direct proton emission from oriented ¹⁴⁷Tm. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

β-delayed proton decays and spin assignments for 133Sm and 149Yb

The proton-rich isotope ¹³³Sm was produced via the fusion evaporation reaction ⁴⁰Ca + ⁹⁶Ru. Its β-delayed proton decay was studied by p-γ coincidence in combination with a He-jet tape transport system, and half-lives, proton energy spectra, γ-transitions following the proton emission, as well as β-delayed proton branching ratios to the low-lying states in the grand-daughter nucleus were determined. Comparing the observed β-delayed proton branching ratios with statistical model calculations, the best agreement is found assuming that only one level with the spin of 3/2 in ¹³³Sm decays or two levels with the spins of 1/2 and 5/2 decay with similar half-lives. The configuration-constrained nuclear potential energy surfaces of ¹³³Sm were calculated using the Woods-Saxon-Strutinsky method, which suggests a 1/2^- ground state and a 5/2⁺ isomer with an excitation energy of 120keV. Therefore, the simple (EC+β⁺) decay scheme of ¹³³Sm in Eur. Phys. J. A 11, 277 (2001) has been revised. In addition, our previous experimental data on the β-delayed proton decay of ¹⁴⁹Yb reported in Eur. Phys. J. A 12, 1 (2001) was also analyzed using the same method. The spin-parity of ¹⁴⁹Yb is suggested to be 1/2^-.     

Nonmesonic decay of the Λ-hyperon in hypernuclei produced by p + Au collisions

The β-delayed proton precursor ¹⁴⁹Yb was synthesized in the reaction ¹¹²Sn(⁴⁰Ca, 3n) and identified by using a proton-gamma coincidence measurements in combination with a helium-jet fast tape transport system. Its β-delayed proton spectrum was observed. The half-life of ¹⁴⁹Yb was determined to be 0.7±0.2 s. The 253, 101, and 365 keV γ transitions in ¹⁴⁷Dy, following β-delayed proton emission of ¹⁴⁸Ho decay, were reported for the first time. Received: 14 March 2001 / Accepted: 26 September 2001     

Baryon number violating nuclear decay

The expressions for baryon number violating nuclear partial decay widths are derived from the interactions as predicted by grand unified theories. Theory predicts that the baryon number violating proton decay inside the nucleus is hindered relative to the free proton decay rate. In the case of closed shell nuclei, the meson spin-isospin dependence of the partial width is the same as that for the nucleon decay. The branching ratios of decay amplitudes depend on the nuclear binding energies. Nuclear structure introduces lepton energy spread of ±49.5 MeV for light closed shell nuclei, while it does not affect the back to back emission of lepton-meson pair.