柠檬酸和乙二胺改性前后麦秸秆的红外光谱分析比较

对天然麦秸秆(NWS)、柠檬酸改性麦秸秆(CWS)、乙二胺改性麦秸秆(EWS)的红外光谱进行了比较分析.NWS的红外吸收光谱主要由碳水化合物如木质素、纤维素等吸收带组成.NWS表面的羟基吸收峰出现在3405.16cm-1、2916.81cm-1处的吸收峰来自亚甲基中C—H的伸缩振动.1736.02cm-1和1602.21cm-1处的吸收峰是由C=O的伸缩振动引起的;苯环的骨架伸缩振动峰出现在1511.33cm-1;1425.47cm-1处的吸收峰是来自羧基的C—O伸缩振动,1376.19cm-1处为CH2的弯曲振动峰.与NWS的红外光谱图相比,CWS的主要变化为1738.13cm-1和1592.06cm-1处C=O吸收峰强度显著增加;EWS的主要变化为3405.16cm-1处的吸收峰蓝移至3417.43cm-1,且强度增加,1736.02cm-1处的吸收峰消失,CH2的C—H伸缩振动峰(2903.49cm-1)和弯曲振动峰(1382.91cm-1)强度显著增加,结果说明改性后分别引入了羧基和胺基.     

纳米壳聚糖复合材料的制备与性能研究

为了提高壳聚糖的水溶性及其止血方面的性能,将壳聚糖(CS)纳米化,并引入具有抗菌作用的Ag~+离子和凝血辅助作用的Ca~(2+)离子,制备出纳米壳聚糖金属离子复合止血材料。首先,采用离子交换法制备纳米壳聚糖(nmCS),再分别加入AgNO_3和饱和CaCl2溶液,制得nmCS-Ag、nmCS-Ca、nmCS-Ag-Ca复合材料。然后,采用FTIR、XRD、SEM等手段对复合材料的结构进行表征。最后,对复合物的凝血、止血性能进行了测试。实验结果表明:改性后的壳聚糖IR图谱在1647cm-1和1560cm-1处出现了纳米壳聚糖钠盐的特征吸收峰;复合了金属离子的纳米壳聚糖在XRD图谱中表现出了Ag~+、Ca~(2+)的晶型特征;扫描电镜显示nmCS-Ag中Ag~+有部分析出而nmCS-Ca的复合效果较好;nmCS-Ag-Ca的凝血、止血效果要优于nmCS-Ag和nmCS-Ca,同时nmCS-Ag和nmCS-Ca的凝血、止血效果要优于nmCS。测试结果表明,成功制备了纳米壳聚糖金属离子复合止血材料。     

梧桐树叶吸附铜离子前后红外光谱分析比较

本文对吸附Cu2 前后梧桐树叶的红外光谱进行了分析比较.梧桐树叶的红外吸收光谱图主要由碳水化合物如木质素、纤维素等吸收带组成.1735cm-1和1615cm-1处的吸收峰是由C=O的伸缩振动引起的;1515cm-1的吸收峰是苯环的骨架振动峰,1243cm-1处是苯羟基中C-O的伸缩振动峰.1447cm-1处的吸收峰为CH3和CH2的不对称弯曲振动峰,1370cm-1处是甲基的弯曲振动峰.吸附Cu2 后,羧基的羰基峰(1735cm-1附近)向低波数移动1-2cm-1,酮羰基峰(1616cm-1附近)向高波数移动2-8cm-1;天然树叶1242cm-1处的吸收峰红移至1238cm-1处.红外光谱比较分析的结果表明吸附Cu2 后树叶的结构仍保持完整.     

TiO2/SnO2复合氧化物的制备和光谱特性

为了研究TiO2/SnO2复合氧化物的光学特性,用胶体化学方法制备了以SnO2为内核的TiO2/SnO2复合氧化物,并且用紫外-可见光吸收光谱、X射线衍射和红外光谱对TiO2/SnO2复合氧化物的特性进行了分析.结果显示TiO2和TiO2/SnO2的能带宽度分别为4.13和3.86 eV,表现出量子尺寸效应;TiO2/SnO2在紫外区域具有宽的强吸收带.X射线衍射中TiO2的(110)衍射峰的位置移动了1.6°,强度也发生了变化;与TiO2红外光谱相比,TiO2/SnO2中Ti-O键的伸缩振动由500cm-1移到了656 cm-1,并有560 cm-1的肩峰,与吸附水相应的1650 cm-1附近的吸收峰和3420 cm-1的吸收峰均有所增加.     

酞菁铜掺杂TiO2微腔的光谱特性和精细结构

化学方法合成了酞菁铜(CuPc)掺杂TiO2微腔,用傅里叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱研究了其的光谱特性,用X射线吸收精细结构(XAFS)谱分析了其的精细结构.结果显示,TiO2微腔被CuPc掺杂后,CuPc和TiO2之间发生了相互作用,使红外光谱出现了900.76 cm-1的振动吸收峰;同时,在3 392.75 cm-1的OH振动和2 848.83 cm-1的CH振动发生了"红移";酞菁大环平面的C-C或C-N振动、苯环上C-H面内和C-N面外的弯曲振动也有一定的峰位移动和强度变化.在拉曼光谱图上,CuPc掺杂TiO2微腔中出现的403.4,592.1和679.1 cm-1的TiO2的特征振动峰,但它们发生了波数移动,而在1 586.8和1 525.6cm-1出现的振动峰说明CuPc和TiO2形成了复合体,这些变化与酞菁铜的大环分子结构的平面取向有关.在XAFS上,CuPc掺杂TiO2微腔中的Ti呈现四面体TiO4的结构形式,TiO2的内层的中间距离和表面结构发生了变化.     

水性涂料施工过程中微观结构的FTIR研究

以市售立邦水性涂料作为研究对象,溶剂水作为变量因子。配制不同水料比的涂料系列样品,分别用FTIR/ATR、FTIR/漫反射光谱表征湿料、涂膜的微观结构特征,湿料抽滤得到的固型物用FTIR/漫反射光谱表征。分析其官能团变化情况,研究施工过程,溶剂对涂膜的影响。结果显示：随着加水量的增加,湿料的FTIR/ATR光谱中,1 727 cm-1对应的羰基吸收峰,逐渐转为肩峰,871 cm-1吸收峰发生蓝移,峰强度逐渐减弱;涂膜的漫反射红外图谱,3 400 cm-1的—OH吸收峰、3 030 cm-1不饱和—CH吸收峰强度逐渐变弱,2 962和2871 cm-1的甲基和亚甲基的吸收峰强度逐渐增强,2 516 cm-1吸收峰位移至2 603 cm-1形成肩峰,1 647 cm-1吸收峰逐渐位移至1 455 cm-1,1 107 cm-1对应的C—O伸缩振动吸收峰发生红移。在水性涂料施工过程中,溶剂水与涂料分子间存在相互作用,对涂层分子中电子云的密度分布有显著的影响,此结果对涂料的生产及施工有参考意义。     

黑米花色苷酰化修饰红外光谱分析

黑米花色苷易受外部环境影响发生降解致使局部分子结构破坏而使营养价值和保健功能有所下降。利用有机酸提供酰基对黑米花色苷进行修饰来提高花色苷结构的稳定性。利用红外光谱分析经咖啡酸酰化修饰黑米花色苷的结构变化。结果表明：黑米花色苷酰化修饰前后于官能团区3 650~3 200和1 680~1 620 cm-1处均有吸收峰，且其于指纹区1 282.68和1 277.51 cm-1处出现酚羟基吸收峰，于1 056.07和1 054.03 cm-1处出现醇羟基吸收峰，719.90和719.71 cm-1处出现苯环上C-H面外弯曲振动吸收峰。由此可见，黑米花色苷酰化修饰后主要结构框架仍为花色苷的芳环结构。此外，黑米花色苷酰化修饰前后于1 900~1 650 cm-1间1 714.28和1 728.13 cm-1处均出现共轭羰基的特征吸收峰，对应于可直接连接在苯环上的α-羰基结构，由此说明黑米花色苷结构中存在着酰基基团。黑米花色苷经酰化修饰后红外图谱于1 517.20 cm-1处出现新吸收峰，其正好处于1 800~900 cm-1双键(不含氢)伸缩振动区，指纹区876.65 cm-1处亦出现了苯环上的C-H面外弯曲振动吸收峰。与之相呼应在经二阶导数处理后红外光谱图中在2 500～2 000 cm-1间出现了新的波动，此波段为累积双键伸缩振动区，而官能团区3 650~3 200 cm-1间3 370.20 cm-1处的吸收峰正好处于多分子缔合区。由此可见，在咖啡酸作为酰基供体，酰化修饰黑米花色苷时由于分子间的重新缔合于结构中引入了新的酰基基团而呈现出一种双酰化的空间结构。黑米花色苷酰化结构中有机酸与糖链相连，将有机酸置于2-苯基苯并吡喃骨架的表面，这种堆积作用模式可以较好地抵抗水的亲核攻击和其他降解反应进而提高黑米花色苷结构的稳定性。     

农药残留动态的原位衰减全反射红外光谱表征

原位衰减全反射红外光谱用于农药残留动态研究。通过对果蔬(西红柿)表面敌敌畏和乙酰甲胺磷两种农药的原位表征,发现敌敌畏具有显著的挥发性,喷淋20min后降解达80%,同时,表征CO的1 734cm-1吸收峰在20min转为负峰,结合3 073cm-1吸收峰显著减弱,1 277cm-1吸收峰在减弱的同时发生了显著的红移(30cm-1),表明敌敌畏可能存在一定程度的水解;而喷淋乙酰甲胺磷后120min无明显变化,表明乙酰甲胺磷相对稳定。     

酯化前后酵母菌的红外光谱比较

对啤酒酵母酯化前后的红外光谱进行了分析。啤酒酵母的红外光谱图主要由蛋白质的吸收带、碳水化合物的吸收带组成。16 5 2cm- 1 处的吸收峰为酰胺Ⅰ带 ,是CO的伸缩振动 ,15 4 2cm- 1 的吸收峰是酰胺Ⅱ带 ,是N—H的弯曲振动和C—N的伸缩振动 ,12 4 0cm- 1 是酰胺Ⅲ带 ,是C—N的伸缩振动和N—H的弯曲振动引起的。14 5 4cm- 1 处的吸收峰为CH3和CH2 的弯曲振动峰 ;116 0cm- 1 处出现的峰可能为细胞壁的主要成分———碳水化合物中C—O的伸缩振动峰 ;10 80cm- 1 处的吸收峰是由啤酒酵母中的RNA ,DNA或细胞壁中存在的碳水化合物或醇中的C—O伸缩振动引起的。用甲醇酯化后在 174 4和 14 5 4cm- 1 处的吸收峰强度增加 ,说明酵母菌细胞表面的羧基发生了酯化反应。酯化后细胞的主要成分和结构保持完整。     

原位漫反射红外光谱表征钛硅分子筛TS-1催化苯乙烯氧化反应

采用高温漫反射红外光谱考察了钛硅分子筛TS-1的稳定性,发现960 cm-1吸收峰在673 K时没有变化,表明所表征的骨架钛具有一定的高温稳定性,而表征分子筛骨架振动的两个吸收峰在673 K下向低波数位移了约13 cm-1.探讨了H2O2吸附对TS-1分子筛骨架钛的影响,发现960 cm-1处的吸收峰在吸附H2O2后强度减弱,并且向高波数位移了11 cm-1;抽真空或加热,吸收峰又复原,表明骨架钛可能存在Ti=O结构,H2O2与分子筛中的Ti=O作用,使相应的960 cm-1吸收峰向高波数位移.原位漫反射红外光谱考察了TS-1催化苯乙烯氧化反应,谱图分析表明,苯甲醛是主要产物,TS-1催化氧化的关键是H202吸附在TS-1的骨架钛上形成活性中心.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.