不同介电常数悬浮颗粒的电流变液固态结构

讨论了两种不同介电常数的固体颗粒不同配比时,对电流变液固态结构的影响。计算结果表明,颗粒的介电常数及配比变化时电流变液的固态结构没有变化,只影响其能量大小;而且发现在低介电常数颗粒的电流变液中加入少许高介电常数颗粒会引起体系能量的显著下降,从而增加了电流变液的稳定性和剪切应力。     

固液双相电流变系统流动过程的相转变特性

考虑电流变液多粒子近程相互作用，利用等效平板电导模型，研究了电流变液流动过程相转变点的特性，并设计实验观察了电流变液中的这种相转变现象.研究结果表明，电流变液在一定压力梯度作用下发生流动，此时为双相流；当外加电场达到某一值时，电流变液中颗粒不流动，由固液双相流转变为液体单相流动，发生场控相转变，理论模拟结果与实验观察结果基本相符.阈值电场随外加压力梯度的增加而加大，随颗粒浓度的增加而减小. 关键词： 电流变液 颗粒流 相转变     

颗粒质量导致的电流变液结构演化特征

考虑电流变液颗粒质量的影响及多粒子近程相互作用,利用等效平板电导模型,由分子动力学方法模拟了泊肃叶流动状态下电流变液结构的演化过程特征;设计制作了实验装置,观测了泊肃叶流动行为,并与模拟结果进行比较.研究表明:在外电场作用下,计及颗粒质量效应后,电流变液结构演化中跃迁区速度变化的峰值减小,进入柱塞区状态的时间延长,柱塞区的宽度加大,且颗粒质量越大,效应越显著.实验观测的泊肃叶流动行为与模拟结果基本相符,且观察到极板壁上的颗粒静止不动,证明了“极板壁上颗粒静止不动”这一假设的正确性 关键词： 电流变液 泊肃叶流动 等效平板电导模型 结构演化     

电流变液的微波透射调控行为

依据外电场作用下电流变液结构由各向同性转变为各向异性及介电性能改变的实验事实,建立了微波穿透电流变液样品的理论模型,导出了微波透射率的基本表达形式.理论模拟显示:当电流变液的介电常量小于所处环境的介电常量时,透射率随电场的增加而增加;反之则减小.实验研究表明:电流变液的微波衰减(透射率)的变化可以通过电场来调控.分析认为在外加电场作用下,电流变液结构转变和介电性能的变化是导致微波透射率可调控的主要原因.     

电流变液的微波透射调控行为

依据外电场作用下电流变液结构由各向同性转变为各向异性及介电性能改变的实验事实,建立了微波穿透电流变液样品的理论模型,导出了微波透射率的基本表达形式.理论模拟显示:当电流变液的介电常量小于所处环境的介电常量时,透射率随电场的增加而增加;反之则减小.实验研究表明:电流变液的微波衰减(透射率)的变化可以通过电场来调控.分析认为在外加电场作用下,电流变液结构转变和介电性能的变化是导致微波透射率可调控的主要原因.     

用光学方法研究玻璃微珠电流变液颗粒间的相互作用

运用一套适合研究颗粒间相互作用的双光镊系统,通过对粒聚集时间的测量,得出颗粒聚集时间和电场的平方成反比。这是第一次用电流变液颗粒在动态情况下直接验证电偶极子对间的相互作用。发展了一套使用高速CCD摄像机进行扩散波谱（DWS）测量的方法,首次实时测量具有颗粒结构的非各态历经体系的自相关函数,以研究电流变液机理,得到了玻璃微珠电流变液的结构响应时间和力和响应时间;测量了不同电场下体系相关函数的特征衰减时间随时间的变化。在不同电场下测量扩散系数可以反映出相互作用力与电场的平方成正比。     

核壳型聚苯胺/钛酸钡的结构及其电流变性能

用改进的溶胶 凝胶法制备了核壳型聚苯胺 /钛酸钡复合微粉 ,通过TEM及FT IR分析表征了其形貌及微观结构 ,用复合微粉与氯化石蜡油配制成无水电流变 (ER)液 ,研究其不同膜厚核壳粒子的电流变性能 .研究结果表明 ,聚苯胺 /钛酸钡复合粒子配置成的电流变液的电流变性能较纯聚苯胺的为强 ;钛酸钡的涂层厚度对复合粒子电流变性能有重要影响 ;并在d =2 0nm时获得最佳电流变性能 .     

电流变液中悬浮颗粒的体积与形状的变化

基于偶极近似 ,运用电极化方法 ,定量研究了电流变液中悬浮颗粒在外电场作用下其体积和形状的变化 ,并计算了其体积和形状的相对变化率 .研究结果表明 :悬浮颗粒的体积和形状的相对变化率均与电场强度的平方成正比 ,并与ER本身的性质有关 .一般情况下 ,颗粒的体积和形状的相对变化率分别为 8.4 %和 12 .5 % ,对总体积变化率的贡献为 1.6 8% .这种变化对于ER系统的电涨和电热都作出了贡献 ,仅当将颗粒当作刚性球时 ,其自由能才与电场强度的平方成正比 .     

奇特的电流变液

 电流变液(ＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｒｈｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＦｌｕｉｄ)是由高介电常数的固体颗粒悬浮于某种低介电常数、低黏性的不导电液体中所形成的,未加电场时,电流变液内的颗粒无序分布,施加电场后,颗粒迅速聚集成跨越电极的链或柱,当施加的电场足够大时,电流变液转变为类似固态,撤去外电场时,又恢复为液态,这一液固两态相变的响应时间为毫秒量级,这一奇特属性,再加上电流变液的电导率低,产生电流变效应所需的电功输入少,电流变液的电热效应低,使得电流变液在工业技术中有着极大的潜在应用。     

高性能石油焦颗粒电流变液的研究

采用未经精制的石油催化裂化油浆的一步炭化产物,研究了将其作为电流变液粒子的可能性、条件和电流变性能。研究结果表明,经由油交论所得焦化颗粒配制的电流变液的力学性能,在2kV/mm直流场强下可达2kPa以上,电流密度不超过60μA/cm^2,长期静置颗粒无明显沉降,是一种性能优良的实用型电流变液。     

Electrorheology: Statics and dynamics

The interaction between nanoparticles and an electric field is explored from the electrorheological (ER) point of view, using variational formulations for both the static and dynamic characteristics. In the first part the static characteristics of the ER fluid, consisting of a dispersion of solid particles in a liquid, is detailed by using the spectral representation approach for the effective dielectric constant. Predictions concerning the ground state structure, yield stress, upper bounds on the ER effect are presented together with comparisons to experimental results. The giant ER effect, involving a different paradigm of permanent electric dipoles, is described phenomenologically. In the second part the ER fluid dynamics is formulated via the variational principle of Onsager. Predictions of the model are compared with experiments. It is shown that the phenomenon of the diminishing ER effect at high shear rates may be mitigated by the planar interdigital electrode configuration.     

Ground state properties and potential energy surfaces of ~(270)Hs from multidimensionally-constrained relativistic mean field model

We study the ground state properties,potential energy curves and potential energy surfaces of the superheavy nucleus 270Hs by using the multidimensionally-constrained relativistic mean-field model with the efFective interaction PC-PK1.The binding energy,size and shape as well as single particle shell structure corresponding to the ground state of this nucleus are obtained.270Hs is well deformed and exhibits deformed doubly magic feature in the single neutron and proton level schemes.One-dimensional potential energy curves and two-dimensional potential energy surfaces are calculated for 270Hs with various spatial symmetries imposed.We investigate in detail the effects of the reflection asymmetric and tri axial distortions on the fission barrier and fission path of 270Hs.When the axial symmetry is imposed,the reflection symmetric and reflection asymmetric fission barriers both show a double-hump structure and the former is highe匚However,when tri axial shapes are allowed the reflection symmetric barrier is lowered very much and then the reflection symmetric fission path becomes favorable.     

Collective many-body interaction in Rydberg dressed atoms

We present a method to control the shape and character of the interaction potential between cold atomic gases by weakly dressing the atomic ground state with a Rydberg level. For increasing particle densities, a crossover takes place from a two-particle interaction into a collective many-body interaction, where the dipole-dipole or van der Waals blockade phenomenon between the Rydberg levels plays a dominant role. We study the influence of these collective interaction potentials on a Bose-Einstein condensate and present the optimal parameters for its experimental detection.     

Interaction of argon with the Al(100) surface

We present a new method for calculating the interaction energy of a noble gas atom with a metallic surface. This method combines atomic structure and solid state theory techniques and is thus applicable to ground state as well as to excited states of a chemisorbed (physisorbed) atom. We present results for the dipole moment and the interaction energy of Ar onto Al(100).     

Spin-polarized ground state for interacting electrons in two dimensions

We study numerically the ground state magnetization for clusters of interacting electrons in two dimensions in the regime where the single particle wave functions are localized by disorder. It is found that the Coulomb interaction leads to a spontaneous ground state magnetization. For a constant electronic density, the total spin increases linearly with the number of particles, suggesting a ferromagnetic ground state in the thermodynamic limit. The magnetization is suppressed when the single particle states become delocalized.     

~(156)Gd基态SU(3)→O(6)相变的一种微观理解

γ射线能量自旋曲线指认156Gd核基态具有SU(3)和O(6)两种对称性。基于微观sdIBM-■max方案和单粒子能量实验值,用两组核子之间的对作用、四极对作用、四极-四极作用的等效强度参数,都很好地再现了这两种能谱及其演化过程。计算结果揭示出对基态相变的一种新理解:SU(3)的基准态是低激发-低有序态,而O(6)基准态则是高激发-高有序的,它们有临界区61+—81+态;当核退耦到临界区时,高有序基准态释放多余的有序结构能,导致低有序基准态重组,实现减速旋转驱动高有序核向着低有序核过渡的量子相变。最后用156Gd核的势能曲面作了直观说明。     

New micromagnetic states of magnetically soft nanoparticles with a nearly cubic shape

The ground state of nonellipsoidal particles can be inhomogeneous due to the effect of a demagnetizing field. The approach proposed here for studying such particles is based on the combination of symmetry analysis and perturbation theory. The general formulation of this approach, which makes it possible to analyze weakly inhomogeneous states for particles with a complex shape, is considered. The ground state of cubic particles of magnetically soft materials is calculated analytically, and the effect of small strains of cubic particles on the magnetization distribution in the particles is investigated. It is shown for the example of magnetically soft cubic particles that even a small deviation of the particle shape from symmetrical may result in the realization of a special magnetic state in such particles, in which the symmetry in the magnetization distribution is lower than the particle symmetry. A change in the parameters of a particle can substantially modify its magnetic properties and may even induce a phase transition to a state with a different symmetry.     

旋转受限相互作用玻色系统的相变温度及基态粒子占据率

利用局域密度近似(LDA)导出了简谐势阱中存在弱相互作用的旋转玻色气体发生玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚时的粒子数、相变温度和基态粒子占据率的解析表达式,探讨了粒子间相互作用对相变温度和基态粒子占据率的影响.计算表明,当粒子间的相互作用消失时,所有解析结果均能够与无相互作用的旋转理想玻色气体获得很好的一致.