光束整形在激光照明中的应用

提出利用光束整形技术提高激光照明均匀性、调节照明远场光斑尺寸的方法,用Easylaser激光仿真软件分析光束截断比对照明均匀性的影响,分析大气湍流条件下光束整形对照明均匀性的影响,并比较调节光束质量与光束整形对照明均匀性的影响。结果表明:光束整形具有调节照明激光远场光斑尺度及均匀性的能力,相位调节因子越大,整形后远场光斑半径越大、均匀性越好;光束截断比越大照明均匀性越好;弱湍流条件下,光束整形比调节光束质量的照明激光远场光斑均匀性更好。     

法布里-珀罗干涉仪的调节研究与应用

法布里-珀罗多光束干涉仪的调节技巧,分别以钠、汞和激光为光源调节出清晰、理想的多光束干涉图样,并较精确的测定了氦氖激光的波长。     

激光水平调节的单光孔方法

在用到激光的物理实验中, 需要激光光束与实验台平行, 否则会产生较大的实验误差. 就激光光束的 水平调节问题, 提出了一种方便有效的单光孔调节新方法     

湍流大气中聚焦平台光束焦移及光斑尺度

 通过理论分析和数值模拟,对聚焦平台光束大气传输的焦移问题进行了研究。聚焦平台光束在湍流大气中传输时,湍流将导致光束的束腰向发射点移动,且湍流越强移动的幅度越大;大气湍流强度相同时,聚焦平台光束发射口径越小,其束腰移动的幅度越大。另外,通过调节发射系统的焦距,使聚焦平台光束的束腰正好位于接收探测器处时,接收探测器上的激光功率密度并非最大,只有当发射系统的焦距等于激光的传输距离时,接收探测器上的激光功率密度才会最大。     

可调谐艾里光束及其传输特性

艾里光束是一种新型无衍射光束,解决了激光在传播过程中的衍射效应。基于艾里变换技术,介绍一种可以通过椭圆平顶高斯光束产生的新型艾里光束,即可调谐艾里光束。通过理论计算,可以看出调节椭圆平顶高斯光束的束宽比可获得单尾艾里光束,同时,可调谐艾里光束的尾长可以通过调节入射椭圆平顶高斯光束的阶数来控制。通过研究,当束宽比p=1时,艾里光束的加速方向沿x轴45方向;p=1/2时,加速方向沿x轴31方向,p=1/3时,加速方向为沿x正方向,可见调节束宽比p的大小可以改变艾里光束的加速方向。     

基于光斑形状光束快速自动准直算法

为满足高功率激光装置光路自动准直系统的高精度要求,提出一种光束非垂直过孔状态下椭圆光斑的光斑差值快速调节法,并引入局部自适应阈值二值化算法提高准直图像的定位精度.当椭圆光斑长短轴差值较大时,利用基于最小二乘法的椭圆拟合改进算法,求出椭圆光斑长短轴的轴长,通过远场反射镜调节长短轴轴长差值以调节光斑形状,直到获得规则的圆形光斑.分析了圆光斑中心与基准位置的偏差值,将差值转为闭环控制的步进电机调整步数,实现了高功率激光装置光束的快速自准直.该算法应用在某高功率激光装置光路自动准直系统中,结果表明,远场指向精度优于0.033″,优于目前高功率激光准直系统准直效果,提高了激光光束的指向性精度.     

二极管激光器垂直阵列光束精密准直

 为实现二极管激光器垂直阵列输出光束具有小发散角、高指向精度的特点,简述了快轴准直（FAC）微透镜的光束准直原理,分析了调节装置的精度要求及透镜选择等问题。通过光学成像方法实时监测二极管激光bar条的近场像和远场像,对FAC透镜分别进行粗调节和细调节,获得了20个bar条连续输出2 kW,垂直阵列二极管激光快轴准直光束远场发散角4.4 mrad,bar条间准直光束指向精度不大于±1.7 mrad的准直效果,并对监测精度进行了简要分析。对影响光束准直效果的因素进行了分析,指出了工艺优化的重点。     

Z-扫描技术的灵敏度分析

单光束激光Z-扫描技术是利用光束的横向特性来研究材料的光学非线性的,其灵敏度的提高有助于测量微弱折射率变化。从入射光束、调制方式、光束检测等方面论述了Z-扫描技术的灵敏度。顶环光束入射相对于标准Z-扫描技术的高斯光束入射其灵敏度可提高2.5倍,但要求光源的输出能量达到一定值,仅适用于测定较小的非线性相移;在光路中插入调制元件后放大因子可达到780,但调节光路难以调节焦移效应。利用CCD作为探测器的TPDZ-扫描技术能够测量小于λ/15000的非线性相位畸变,CCD能够充分获得光束的横向信息,有望成为另一种测量光学非线性的常用方法。     

搭建激光网面改进液体黏度测量实验

落球法测定液体黏度实验中,由于实验钢珠直径较小,光电计时采用的激光光束较细,钢珠下落过程中难以通过激光光束触发计时而导致实验成功率低.为解决此问题,将盛液体的圆柱形容器改成方形容器,在方形容器的对面分别装有小平面镜,利用反射原理,激光光束在2面平面镜之间来回反射组成激光网平面,从而确保在沿方形容器中心轴附近下落的钢珠能触发计时.实验结果表明,改进后的实验装置降低了实验仪器的调节难度,提高了实验的成功率,并保证了实验结果的准确性.     

“LPP-EUV”光源中的高功率CO_2激光监测与控制系统

为了满足激光诱导等离子体（LPP）体制下极紫外（EUV）光源对CO2激光器提出的稳定性需求,建立了简化的CO2激光传输系统模型,根据光束稳定性需求对光束功率、指向和位置的监测与控制方法进行了理论和实验研究。根据高功率CO2激光传输系统特点,在实验室内建立了上述光束监测和控制实验系统,包括光束功率控制模块、光束指向控制模块和光束参数监测模块,其中光束参数监测模块可实时测量光束功率、指向、尺寸及发散角等重要参数。仿真与实验结果表明：光束功率控制模块对线偏振激光功率的控制接近1%～100%,光束指向控制模块实现的光束指向稳定度在10μrad以内,可满足CO2激光驱动源的高稳定性要求。     

Does nanobiotechnology oversight present a uniquely complex challenge to interagency cooperation?

Numerous regulatory and oversight challenges exist in the field of nanobiotechnology. Although these challenges may appear novel and complex, similar issues have plagued environmental regulation since the 1970 s. This article argues that complexity, uncertainty, and regulatory gaps are common problems in environmental regulation, and that the lessons learned and progress made during more than 40 years of environmental regulation can serve as a guidepost for addressing nanobiotechnology regulation and oversight issues.     

一种提高双CCD图像拼接精度的方法

利用一对光楔间距变化时,通过它的成像光束的像点会产生微小偏移这一特性,在双CCD图像拼接探测器中增加了光楔调整机构,该光楔调整机构包含两对光楔,一对光楔用于CCD水平方向的图像调整;另一对用于垂直方向的图像调整。通过设计、制作,光楔调整机构最终应用于双CCD图像拼接探测器的装调。装调过程显示:加装光楔调整机构对原有光学系统没有任何影响,可以实现精度高于0.001 mm的图像移动量,有效降低了双CCD图像拼接探测器的装调难度,提高了拼接图像质量,降低了生产成本。     

外接LC电路的可调压电换能器的频率特性

压电换能器往往因受到温度与负载的影响,导致其谐振频率、反谐振频率和机械品质因数等特征参数发生变化。通过在压电换能器中设计用于调节的压电陶瓷片,并在调节压电陶瓷片两端外接电负载,可以实现压电换能器的频率调节,修正由于温度和负载导致的频率漂移。基于压电换能器的Mason等效电路,建立外接LC调节电路的压电换能器的谐振频率、反谐振频率模型,分析LC调节电路中调节电感对频率调节特性的影响;通过实验研究外接LC调节电路对可调压电换能器机械品质因数的影响,并验证调节电感对频率调节特性的影响。理论分析和实验研究的结果表明:随着调节电感的增大,调节电容对频率的调节灵敏度提高,可调压电换能器的频率调节宽度拓宽,但也会使压电换能器的机械品质因数降低。合理选择调节电感和调节电容能兼顾频率调节宽度和机械品质因数的要求。此研究可为后续自适应压电换能器的频率调节系统设计提供指导。      

基于元胞自动机模型的上匝道合流处交替通行控制的研究

上海市高架道路的上匝道合流处率先实施了交替通行的控制策略.以Fukui和Ishibashi提出的FI元胞自动机交通流模型为基础，对实施该策略前后的上匝道合流处分别建立合理的交通流模型，并对交通流进行了数值模拟和分析.结果表明：当高架路主线和上匝道的来流车辆较多时，交替通行控制可以大大改善高架道路交通；当交通流稀疏时，实施控制前后交通流状况基本不发生变化. 关键词： 元胞自动机模型 上匝道合流处 交替通行控制 数值模拟     

An amplitude quotient based method to analyze changes in the shape of the glottal pulse in the regulation of vocal intensity

This study presents an approach to visualizing intensity regulation in speech. The method expresses a voice sample in a two-dimensional space using amplitude-domain values extracted from the glottal flow estimated by inverse filtering. The two-dimensional presentation is obtained by expressing a time-domain measure of the glottal pulse, the amplitude quotient (AQ), as a function of the negative peak amplitude of the flow derivative (d(peak)). The regulation of vocal intensity was analyzed with the proposed method from voices varying from extremely soft to very loud with a SPL range of approximately 55 dB. When vocal intensity was increased, the speech samples first showed a rapidly decreasing trend as expressed on the proposed AQ-d(peak) graph. When intensity was further raised, the location of the samples converged toward a horizontal line, the asymptote of a hypothetical hyperbola. This behavior of the AQ-d(peak) graph indicates that the intensity regulation strategy changes from laryngeal to respiratory mechanisms and the method chosen makes it possible to quantify how control mechanisms underlying the regulation of vocal intensity change gradually between the two means. The proposed presentation constitutes an easy-to-implement method to visualize the function of voice production in intensity regulation because the only information needed is the glottal flow wave form estimated by inverse filtering the acoustic speech pressure signal.     

Topological origin of global attractors in gene regulatory networks

Fixed-point attractors with global stability manifest themselves in a number of gene regulatory networks. This property indicates the stability of regulatory networks against small state perturbations and is closely related to other complex dynamics. In this paper, we aim to reveal the core modules in regulatory networks that determine their global attractors and the relationship between these core modules and other motifs. This work has been done via three steps. Firstly, inspired by the signal transmission in the regulation process, we extract the model of chain-like network from regulation networks. We propose a module of “ideal transmission chain(ITC)”, which is proved sufficient and necessary(under certain condition) to form a global fixed-point in the context of chain-like network. Secondly, by examining two well-studied regulatory networks(i.e., the cell-cycle regulatory networks of Budding yeast and Fission yeast), we identify the ideal modules in true regulation networks and demonstrate that the modules have a superior contribution to network stability(quantified by the relative size of the biggest attraction basin). Thirdly, in these two regulation networks, we find that the double negative feedback loops, which are the key motifs of forming bistability in regulation, are connected to these core modules with high network stability. These results have shed new light on the connection between the topological feature and the dynamic property of regulatory networks.     

分光计的一种新调节方法及仪器的改进

本文以JJY型分光计为例，对分光计的聚焦与光轴倾斜度这两方面的调节做了系统论述．同时根据分光计的结构特点与调节本质，对传统的“各半调节法”进行改进，提出新的“分别调节法”，并在此基础上对仪器也做出了一些完善，使调节效率得到提高．     

The effects of auditory feedback on the regulation of intraoral air pressure during speech.

Previous experimental evidence has been interpreted as support for regulation of both acoustics and aerodynamics during speech production. One recent perspective is that although speech acoustics may be manipulated, regulation of aerodynamics is a central component of the processes that produce speech. From this perspective, it has been suggested that aerodynamic regulation is given priority over perceptual accuracy. The experiment attempted to test this hypothesis by forcing speakers into a choice between aerodynamic and acoustic regulation. The intensity level of frication (embedded in a carrier phrase) was selectively amplified or attenuated and fed back to the speaker on line. Intraoral air pressure was recorded in order to assess whether or not perturbed auditory feedback would result in aerodynamic compensation. Although compensatory changes in peak intraoral air pressure, pressure duration, and pressure curve area were seen in response to 30-dB alterations of frication, no systematic effects were seen for smaller auditory manipulations. Further, the compensations were less than what one might expect from a system controlling auditory output. Explanations of these findings and their implications for the control of speech production are offered.