CdSe纳米粒子负载的TiO2纳米带复合材料制备及其可见光催化性能

采用水热法制备了CdSe 纳米粒子负载的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米带复合材料,并对产物的晶体结构、形貌尺寸、CdSe负载量及其可见光催化性能进行了测试.结果表明,产物中CdSe纳米粒子以闪锌矿型面心立方结构负载在TiO2纳米带表面,负载量可控;虽然CdSe纳米粒子的负载降低了TiO2纳米带比表面积,但是显著增强了产物可见光吸...     

反胶束软模板法合成PANI/TiO2纳米棒复合材料及其性能研究

以阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)形成的反胶束为模板,制备了一系列不同纳米TiO2含量的PANI/TiI2纳米复合材料.利用FTIR,UV-Vis,TG,TEM和荧光光谱等方法对产物进行了结构表征和性能研究.探讨了反胶束体系中PANI/TiO2复合纳米棒形成的自组装机理.结果表明:复合材料主要为直径30～40 nm,长约400 nm的PANI/TiO2复合纳米棒,二氧化钛纳米粒子与聚苯胺大分子之间存在强的相互作用,并对复合材料的热稳定性起到提高作用,PANI/TiO2纳米复合材料在紫外和可见光区域均有吸收,并在416 nm处激发产生荧光,荧光强度随着掺杂TiO2含量的提高得到了较大的增强.通过PANI/TiO2纳米棒复合材料中的激子离化和电荷传输过程探讨了PANI/TiO2的荧光量子效率和荧光强度增加的机理.     

纳米稀土镧8-羟基喹啉间羟基苯甲酸/TiO2的红外及拉曼光谱研究

采用沉淀法/溶胶-凝胶复合方法制备了纳米稀土镧8-羟基喹啉间羟基苯甲酸/TiO2复合粒子。并应用红外和拉曼光谱对其进行了表征。红外光谱证明样品为稀土镧8-羟基喹啉间羟基苯甲酸/TiO2复合粒子。拉曼光谱证明其拉曼峰与文献报道的TiO2拉曼峰相比,部分峰位出现了蓝移,部分峰位出现了红移现象,从纳米粒子的表面结构及配合物层的压力出发对此现象进行了定性解释和讨论。     

光致电子转移对Alizarin敏化TiO_2纳米粒子Raman光谱特性的影响

结合理论和实验研究了茜素Alizarin(Alz)染料敏化TiO2纳米粒子体系的光致电子转移对Alz Raman光谱特性的影响.结果表明:Alz染料敏化TiO2纳米粒子吸收光谱的红移和荧光光谱的淬灭归因于从被吸附的Alz染料分子激发态和电荷转移复合物(Alz/TiO2)到TiO2纳米粒子导带的光致电子转移;超快光致界面电子的转移有效地增强了被吸附在界面处Alz染料分子的C=C键伸展振动、C=O羧基伸展振动和C-O键伸展振动.     

聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)对苯乙炔/TiO2纳米复合材料的光物理性能研究

通过原位强碱诱导下的脱氯化氢缩合聚合法制备了一系列不同纳米TiO2含量的聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)对苯乙炔/纳米二氧化钛(PMOCOPV/TiO2)光电复合材料。红外光谱和拉曼光谱证实了在纳米TiO2表面的包覆层为PMOCOPV。紫外-可见吸收光谱表明随着TiO2含量的增加PMOCOPV/TiO2纳米复合材料的吸收强度提高。高分辨透射电镜观察发现PMOCOPV/TiO2是具有核-壳结构的纳米复合粒子,直径约30 nm,其中PMOCOPV包覆层的厚度约为8~10 nm。荧光光谱研究表明,PMOCOPV/TiO2纳米复合材料的最大发射波长随着TiO2含量的增加发生红移,荧光寿命约为1 ns,且随着TiO2含量的增加荧光强度和荧光寿命得到显著提高,并通过PMOCOPV/TiO2纳米复合材料中的激子离化和电荷传输过程以及复合材料中的电势能级探讨了PMOCOPV/TiO2的荧光量子效率和荧光强度增加的机理。     

负载有MTiO_3(M=Sr或Ba)的TiO_2纳米棒复合材料的制备和表征

以Sr(OH)2或Ba(OH)2和TiO2纳米带为前驱物,通过水热反应直接制得了立方相MTiO3(M=Ba或Sr)纳米粒子负载的TiO2纳米复合材料。采用XRD,SEM,TEM,HRTEM和UV-Vis等测试手段对产物的组成、物相、形貌、结构和光学性质进行了详细表征。结果表明,Sr(OH)2或Ba(OH)2的加入量或反应时间皆对MTiO3纳米粒子负载量有较大影响,在一定程度上,氢氧化物加入量增多以及反应时间延长,纳米粒子负载量就会增大;无论是纯TiO2纳米带还是复合纳米棒,其吸收和发射光谱基本相同。对罗丹明B可见光催化降解实验结果证实,这些纳米复合材料皆有较高的光催化活性,远高于P-25的光降解活性。     

铂颗粒粒径效应:负载铂纳米颗粒的TiO2薄膜性质研究

制备了负载不同大小Pt纳米颗粒的TiO薄膜。利用TEM测定了Pt粒子的大小,XRD,UV—Vis和测量光电流等方法对TiO2复合膜进行了表征,以亚甲基蓝降解反应评价了Pt／TiO2薄膜的光催化活性。结果表明,在负载相同物质的量的Pt情况下,Pt颗粒的大小直接影响TiO2薄膜的性能,显示较强的粒径效应,当负载平均粒径约5nm的Pt粒子后,薄膜具有最高的光电流和光催化活性。     

基于粒子群算法的Pt-Pd合金纳米粒子的稳定结构研究

Pt-Pd合金纳米粒子相对于Pt及Pd单晶纳米粒子均具有更好的催化活性和选择性, 研究它的稳定结构对进一步了解催化性能具有重要意义. 本文采用粒子群算法和量子修正Sutton-Chen多体势对不同尺寸、 不同组成比例的二十四面体Pt-Pd合金纳米粒子的结构稳定性进行研究. 结果表明: Pt-Pd合金纳米粒子中Pt原子趋向于分布在纳米粒子内层, 而Pd原子趋向于分布在纳米粒子外层, 且Pt, Pd原子的分布越对称有序, 其能量越低, 结构越稳定; 随着Pt原子比例的增加, 三种不同尺寸的合金纳米粒子的Warren-Cowley化学短程有序值都逐渐升高, 即纳米粒子更趋向于偏聚分布状态; 在相同比例下, 小尺寸纳米粒子的偏聚程度比大尺 寸纳米粒子的大. 关键词： 合金纳米粒子 粒子群算法 稳态结构     

纳米颗粒TiO2/HFC134a工质对流换热实验研究

本文建立了纳米颗粒/制冷剂工质换热性能实验台,对实验系统进行了检验,并首次进行了纳米颗粒TiO2/HFC134a工质水平管内的单相对流换热实验研究,纳米颗粒的浓度为0.01、0.025和0.05 g/L,并与纯质HFC134a的结果相比较.结果发现:TiO2/HFC134a工质的单相对流换热系数降低,且随着纳米颗粒浓度的增大,降低程度增大.分析原因纳米颗粒在换热表面的沉积是造成这一结果的关键因素.     

Au@SiO2纳米粒子的制备及其用于西维因的检测

采用一种简单、低成本的方法制备了单分散不同壳层厚度的Au@SiO2核壳纳米粒子.以结晶紫为探针分子,研究了核壳纳米粒子的壳层隔离纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱（SHINERS）效应与二氧化硅壳层厚度之间的关系.结果表明：随着壳层厚度从30nm减小到4nm,粒子之间局域电磁场作用逐渐增加,探针分子的拉曼信号强度大幅度增强.用增强效果最佳的4 nm SiO2壳层厚度的核壳纳米粒子可检测到浓度低达10-5mol/L溶液中的西维因,希望结合便携拉曼仪实现农产品中残留农药西维因的现场检测.     

Electron transport properties of TiO_2 shell on Al_2O_3 core in dye-sensitized solar cells

The performance of dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs)is strongly affected by the properties of semiconductor nanoparticles.In this work,we used TiO_2 particles prepared by TiCl_4 hydrolysis n times on Al_2O_3 films(A/T(n)),and investigated morphology,photoelectric,and electron transport properties of A/T(n).The TiO_2 shell was composed of 10-20 nm nanoparticles and the number of nanoparticles increased with increasing TiCl_4 treatment times.The highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of 3.23% was obtained as A/T(4).IMPS results indicated that electron transport rate was high enough to conduct current,and was not the dominating effect to limit the Jsc.Jsc was mainly determined by dye loading on TiO_2 and the interconnection of TiO_2.These may provide a new strategy for preparing semiconductor working electrodes for DSSC.     

TiO_2 composite electron transport layers for planar perovskite solar cells by mixed spray pyrolysis with precursor solution incorporating TiO_2 nanoparticles

Perovskite solar cells with planar structure are attractive for their simplified device structure and reduced hysteresis effect. Compared to conventional mesoporous devices, TiO_2 porous scaffold layers are removed in planar devices. Then,compact TiO_2 electron transport layers take the functions of extracting electrons, transporting electrons, and blocking holes.Therefore, the properties of these compact TiO_2 layers are important for the performance of solar cells. In this work, we develop a mixed spray pyrolysis method for producing compact TiO_2 layers by incorporating TiO_2 nanoparticles with different size into the precursor solutions. For the optimized nanoparticle size of 60 nm, a power conversion efficiency of 16.7% is achieved, which is obviously higher than that of devices without incorporated nanoparticles(9.9%). Further investigation reveals that the incorporation of nanoparticles can remarkably improve the charge extraction and recombination processes.     

Synchrotron small angle x-ray scattering study of dye-sensitized／-unsensitized TiO2 nanoparticle colloidal solution

The wide-gap semiconductor TiO_2 nanoparticles with and without dye sensitization have been studied by small angle x-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation. Surface properties of the colloidal TiO_2 nanoparticles have been analysed in terms of the surface fractal dimensions (D_s), showing that D_s changes from 3.25 to 2.34 when TiO_2 nanoparticles are sensitized by ATRA (all-trans-retinoic acid), which reveals that the surface of the particles become relatively smooth after dye sensitization. The size distribution of gyration radius of TiO_2 nanoparticles in the colloids M(R_g) has been successfully determined by the Shull－Roess method. The main peak of M(R_g) for the unsensitized TiO_2 colloid is located at 2.1nm, corresponding to a spherical diameter of 5.4nm, and this value for the ATRA sensitized TiO_2 increases to 2.4nm, indicating a spherical diameter of 6.4nm. Such a size enlargement of TiO_2 nanoparticles suggests that there is a coating of ATRA on the TiO_2 surface, supporting the view that a monolayer of the dye has been attached to the surface of the TiO_2 nanoparticle.     

FTIR-ATR技术考察TiO2膜对油酸的光催化氧化性能

采用Sol-Gel和PVD法在玻璃、陶瓷、铝片表面制备出TiO2膜,直接将食用油中的主成分油酸用溶剂稀释后均匀涂在膜表面,采用FTIR-ATR技术实现了对膜样品光催化自清洁性能的快速准确评价,并通过测量水的接触角评价了膜的亲水性。结果表明,Sol-Gel法和PVD法制备的TiO2/玻璃膜都具有较好的光致亲水性和光催化降解油酸性能,两者的亲水性没有明显差别,但前者的光催化活性稍优于后者。比较Sol-Gel法制备的TiO2/玻璃、TiO2/陶瓷和TiO2/铝片膜对油酸的光催化降解性能发现,光照3·5h后3个样品的降解率分别为92%,85%和46%,表明基底材料性质对TiO2膜的光催化活性有明显影响,镀在非导电性玻璃和陶瓷表面的TiO2膜比镀在导电性金属铝表面的TiO2膜对油酸有更高的光催化降解能力。     

Carbon-nanodot-coverage-dependent photocatalytic performance of carbon nanodot/TiO_2 nanocomposites under visible light

Carbon nanodots(CDs) with visible absorption band and TiO_2 are integrated to enhance the photosensitivity of TiO_2.The CD/TiO_2 nanocomposites show obvious CD-coverage-dependent photocatalytic performance. The CD/TiO_2 nanocomposites with moderate CD coverge exhibit the highest photocatalytic activity after being irradiated with visible light, which is more excellent than that of TiO_2. Too little CD coverage could result in poor visible light absorption, which limits the photocatalytic performance of CD/TiO_2 nanocomposites. While, too much CD coverage weakens the photocatalytic activity of CD/TiO_2 nanocomposites by restraining the extraction of conduction band electrons within TiO_2 to generate active oxygen radicals and the electron transfer(ET) process from CDs to TiO_2. These results indicate that rational regulation of CD coverage and the realization of efficient ET process are important means to optimize the photocatalytic performance of CD/TiO_2 nanocomposites.     

纳米颗粒TiO2/HFC134a工质导热系数实验研究

本文采用瞬态热线法对纳米颗粒TiO2/HFC134a工质的导热系数进行了实验研究.结果表明,相对于HFC134a,纳米颗粒TiO2/HFC134a工质的导热系数增大,提高比例随着颗粒浓度和温度的提高而增大.     

二氧化钛纳米流体的固液相变特性

采用“两步法”制备出不同浓度的TiO2-H2O纳米流体,选用紫外分光光度法对纳米流体的分散稳定性进行了评价,使用差示扫描量热仪对纳米流体以及基液一去离子水的固液相变过程进行了测试。实验结果表明：纳米流体的分散稳定性随着TiO2粒子质量浓度的增大先增强后减弱;添加纳米颗粒可以促进去离子水的异质成核,减小其固液相变过冷度;...     

超疏水纳米结构表面池沸腾特性

本文通过采用物理气相沉积法于TiO2纳米管阵列表面修饰一层聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)纳米颗粒,得到超疏水表面,并研究此超疏水纳米结构表面的池沸腾特性.研究表明,超疏水纳米结构表面沸腾特性类似于膜沸腾,沸腾工质难以浸润该表面,其沸腾传热系数及临界热流密度均较低.分析表明,固液处于Cassie-Baxter接触状态,纳米结构表...     

Growth and Physical Properties of CdS/TiO_2 Bilayer by Plasma-Based Method

The titanium oxide(TiO_2) nanotubes have attracted attention for their use in dye-sensitized solar cells as photoanode. In this study semiconducting cadmium sulfide(CdS) nanoparticles are grown on top opened TiO_2 nanotubes arrays by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and diffuse reflection spectra are used to study structural, morphological and optical properties of the CdS/TiO_2 bilayer.     

Enhanced ultraviolet emission from ZnO thin film covered by TiO_2 nanoparticles

A ZnO thin film covered by TiO2 nanoparticles is prepared by electron beam evaporation. The structure and surface morphology of the sample are analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and atomic force microscopy （AFM）, respectively. Photoluminescence is used to investigate the fluorescent property of the ample. The results show that the ultraviolet （UV） emission of the ZnO thin film is greatly enhanced after it is covered by TiO2 nanoparticles while the green emission is suppressed. The enhanced UV emission mainly results from the fluorescence resonance energy transfer （FRET） between ZnO thin film and TiO： nanoparticles. This TiO2-ZnO composite thin film can be used to fabricate high-efficiency UV emitters.