Pr(Sr_(0.2)Ca_(0.8))_2Mn_2O_7纳米颗粒的磁性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法成功制备了双层钙钛矿锰氧化物Pr(Sr0.2Ca0.8)2Mn2O7纳米颗粒样品,并研究了样品的相结构和显微形貌及样品的磁性.X射线衍射分析结果表明样品中没有出现明显的杂相,SEM分析晶粒平均尺寸约为35nm,EDS测得的样品原子百分比表明成分基本没有偏析,Scherrer公式计算晶粒平均尺寸与SEM测试结果相同约为35nm.在场冷(field cooling FC)和零场冷(zero field cooling ZFC)模式测得的磁化强度-温度(M~T)曲线上,没有观察到300K时电荷有序转变;通过不同温度下磁化强度-磁场强度(M~T)曲线可以清楚的看出,Pr(Sr0.2Ca0.8)2Mn2O7纳米样品在5K和77K时都表现出铁磁行为,表明样品中铁磁(ferromagnetic FM)团簇磁矩已经开始有序排列形成铁磁态.     

哈斯勒合金Ni50Mn35In15的马氏体相变及其磁热效应

利用电弧炉熔炼了Ni50Mn35In15多晶样品,根据磁性测量对其马氏体相变和磁热效应进行了系统研究.结果表明.随着温度的降低,样品在室温附近先后发生了二级磁相变与一级结构相变特征的马氏体相变,导致它的磁化强度产生突变.同时通过低温下的磁滞回线的测量发现样品存在交换偏置行为,表明低温下马氏体相中铁磁和反铁磁共存.此外,根据Maxwell方程,计算了样品在马氏体相变温度附近的磁熵变,当温度为309 K,磁场改变5 T时,样品的磁熵变可达22.3 J/kg K.     

微晶的磁性

在穆斯堡尔谱学的实验结果基础上讨论了微晶的磁性。微晶的尺寸小于10um时,穆斯堡尔谱将受到磁化方向起伏,即超顺磁弛豫与集体磁激发的影响。这些效应可用来确定颗粒体积与磁各向异性常数二者之积。测量铁磁、亚铁磁颗粒穆斯堡尔谱随外磁场的变化可以确定颗粒的体积。当铁、钴、镍以及Fe_3O_4颗粒表面化学吸附不同的分子时,微晶的磁晶各向异性常数将随之改变。细颗粒的穆斯堡尔谱亦给出了表面层原子磁性的信息。α-Fe颗粒表面层原子的超精细场大于块状样品的值。FeCo合金颗粒的表面是富铁层。α-Fe_2O_3的Morin转变温度与Fe_3O_4的Verwey温度均发现随颗粒尺寸减小而降低。α-FeOOH微晶密堆积体的研究表明,这些微晶间的磁耦合显著地影响穆斯堡尔谱。     

微晶的磁性

在穆斯堡尔谱学的实验结果基础上讨论了微晶的磁性。微晶的尺寸小于10um时,穆斯堡尔谱将受到磁化方向起伏,即超顺磁弛豫与集体磁激发的影响。这些效应可用来确定颗粒体积与磁各向异性常数二者之积。测量铁磁、亚铁磁颗粒穆斯堡尔谱随外磁场的变化可以确定颗粒的体积。当铁、钴、镍以及Fe_3O_4颗粒表面化学吸附不同的分子时,微晶的磁晶各向异性常数将随之改变。细颗粒的穆斯堡尔谱亦给出了表面层原子磁性的信息。α-Fe颗粒表面层原子的超精细场大于块状样品的值。FeCo合金颗粒的表面是富铁层。α-Fe_2O_3的Morin转变温度与Fe_3O_4的Verwey温度均发现随颗粒尺寸减小而降低。α-FeOOH微晶密堆积体的研究表明,这些微晶间的磁耦合显著地影响穆斯堡尔谱。     

(La1-xCex)2/3Ca1/3MnO3体系的输运性质和反常磁特性研究

本文报告了对Ce掺杂锰氧化物(La1-xCex)2/3Ca1/3MnO3 (x=0～1.0)系列样品的输运特性和反常磁特性的研究结果.实验表明,Ce掺杂对Tc有明显的抑制作用,整体上电阻率随Ce掺杂含量增加而上升,在外加磁场时表现出极大的磁电阻效应.磁化强度随温度变化的曲线出现了两个转变,高温处对应于Mn离子磁矩的铁磁金属转变,低温处的转变则对应于Ce离子磁矩自旋有序排列的形成.表明Ce掺杂引起样品中铁磁双交换作用和反铁磁超交换作用之间的竞争,Ce离子与Mn离子有很强的相互作用.随Ce掺杂含量的增加,铁磁有序转变温度下降,而反铁磁有序转变温度则向高温处移动,铁磁区域明显减小.     

Fe-Al系统磁性及其压力效应

采用紧束缚线性muffin-tin轨道方法,研究了Fe-Al系统的磁性与Al组分的关系及其压力效应. bcc Fe-Al合金的铁磁磁矩随Al组分增大而单调减小,且会出现Al组分引起的铁磁—顺磁相变. bcc Fe-Al合金的铁磁磁矩随体积压缩单调减小,但与γ-Fe及某些fcc铁基合金不同的是bcc Fe-Al合金不会出现压力诱导的铁磁—顺磁相变.计算结果与实验符合. 关键词：     

哈斯勒合金Ni50Mn35In15的马氏体相变及其磁热效应

利用电弧炉熔炼了Ni₅₀Mn₃₅In₁₅多晶样品,根据磁性测量对其马氏体相变和磁热效应进行了系统研究.结果表明,随着温度的降低,样品在室温附近先后发生了二级磁相变与一级结构相变特征的马氏体相变,导致它的磁化强度产生突变. 同时通过低温下的磁滞回线的测量发现样品存在交换偏置行为,表明低温下马氏体相中铁磁和反铁磁共存. 此外,根据Maxwell方程,计算了样品在马氏体相变温度附近的磁熵变,当温度为309K,磁场改变5 T时,样品的磁熵变可达22.3J/kgK. 关键词： 哈斯勒合金 50Mn₃₅In₁₅')" href="#">Ni₅₀Mn₃₅In₁₅ 马氏体相变 磁热效应     

Co-SiO2颗粒膜中颗粒相互作用的温度和尺寸依赖关系

我们在真空离子束溅射设备中制备了Co-SiO2颗粒膜，其结构和磁性分别利用透射电子显微术（TEM）和铁磁共振（FMR）来研究。TEM分析表明Co纳米颗粒相互独立地分布在SiO2介质中，且尺寸分布非常窄。室温转角FMR实验显示薄膜具有单轴各向异性，变温FMR实验被用来研究在100－300K温度范围内的颗粒间相互作用强度随温度变化的关系（我们利用一理论模型计算了颗粒集合体中的铁磁部分所占比例和超顺磁部分所占比例）。我们发现颗粒间相互作用强度除了与温度有关之外，还与Co颗粒的尺寸直接相关。     

Sm1－xGdxA12低温下的磁性

分别测量了Sm1-xGdxAl2在低温下不同外加磁场时的电阻和磁化率.实验 结果表明，铁磁性物质Sm1-xGdxAl2在居里温度以下时，自旋磁矩和轨 道磁矩反平行有序排列，且对温度的依赖关系不同，导致在磁性抵消点出现自旋铁磁有序而 总磁矩为零的磁现象.并发现外加强磁场时自旋 轨道发生翻转. 关键词： Sm1-xGdxAl2 铁磁有序 自旋磁矩 轨道磁矩     

Fe-Al2O3颗粒膜的隧道巨磁电阻效应

对射频共溅射法制备的ＦｅＡｌ２Ｏ３颗粒膜的隧道巨磁电阻效应进行了研究．当Ｆｅ体积百分比为４５％时,样品的室温磁电阻的变化率（ＭＲ）在１Ｔ的平行膜面的磁场下可达４４％．磁测量表明在室温时样品呈超顺磁态．另外,从ＭＲ随温度的变化关系曲线可以看出,当温度低于５０Ｋ时,ＭＲ随着温度的下降而显著增加,ＭＲ在２０Ｋ时达到１４９％,４２Ｋ时可达２６％,大大超过理论的预期值,这可能与低温下由库仑抑制效应引起的自旋相关隧穿的高阶效应有关．     

稠苯芳杂环及其烷基质子化学位移的计算

本文提出了予测稠苯芳杂环及其烷基链上质子化学位移的计算方法。 将稠苯芳杂环化合物用凯库勒式表示,计算式为为需考虑的苯环内的乙烯基效应。σ_mi,ci为各苯环的环流效应。σ_1,Hc为各芳杂环的屏蔽效应,对杂环上质子它就是该单独芳杂环上相应质子的δ值,对苯环上质子要将它分解为各结构因素的效应,即:σ_1,He=(1/2)^d-1δ_x=y(或σ_z)+σ_c-c·σ_m,H. σ_x-y与σ_z为杂原子或其基团的屏蔽效应,σ_c=c为存在于芳杂环中的乙烯基的效应,σ_m,Hc为芳杂环的环流效应,d为对不同质子所考虑的键数。有取代基时需考虑取代基的效应。计算环上烷基质子的公式为:δ=σ_p,CH3+ασ_c,CH3+βσ_t,CH3+σ_l,G σ_l,G为稠苯芳杂环基的某级效应。     

Structural phase transitions at clean and metal-covered Si(111) surfaces investigated by RHEED spot analysis

Structural phase transitions between various kinds of superlattice structures formed on a Si(111) surface have been investigated by spot analysis of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Reversible transitions induced by temperature changes and irreversible ones induced by metal depositions were observed. Detailed discussions on the dynamics of the phase transitions are made by quantitative analyses of integrated spot intensity and profile. For a phase transition of 7′7  1′1 structures on a clean Si(111) surface, a hysteresis with temperature difference of 5°C. between in heating and cooling processes was found in the spot intensity change, indicating a first-order transition. Hysteresis was hardly recognized, on the other hand, for transitions of Au-induced superstructures (5×2-Au or ×-Au)  1×1-Au. The spot profiles were found to be broadened during the transition of Si(111)-×-Au  1×1-Au, which was a signature of a continuous transition, while the profiles remained unchanged during the transitions of the 7×7  1×1 and 5×2-Au  1×1-Au phases. Structural conversions induced by In adsorption on the Si(111) surface kept at constant temperatures were also analyzed. The conversions at room temperature were totally dependent on the initial substrate surface structures; the 7×7 surface did not show any structural conversion with In adsorption, while the ×-In surface successively converted to a 2×2 and a × phase with coverage increase. The structural transitions at elevated temperatures were sensitively dependent on the temperatures. Sequences of transitions among the 7×7, 4×1, ×, 1×, and ×4 were quantitatively revealed as changes in RHEED spot intensity.     

ErP5O14非晶玻璃的红外量子剪裁

研究了Er_1.0P₅O₁₄铒非晶玻璃的红外量子剪裁现象. 从吸收谱和激发光谱的计算比较中肯定了Er_1.0P₅O₁₄非晶 玻璃的1537.0 nm红外荧光为多光子量子剪裁荧光. 从Er_1.0P₅O₁₄非晶玻璃的可见和红外荧光发射光谱中发现激发²H_11/2, ⁴G_11/2和⁴G_9/2能级所导致的⁴I_13/2→⁴I_15/2量子剪裁红外荧光很强;基于自发辐射速率、无辐射弛豫速率和能量传递速率等参数的计算,对其量子剪裁机理进行了分析.发现起源于基态的强下转换能量传递{²H_11/2→⁴I_9/2,⁴I_15/2→⁴I_13/2},{⁴G_11/2→⁴I_13/2, ⁴I_15/2→²H_11/2},{⁴G_9/2→⁴F_7/2,⁴I_15/2→⁴I_13/2}和{⁴G_9/2→⁴I_13/2, ⁴I_15/2→²H_11/2}是导致Er_1.0P₅O₁₄非晶玻璃具有强的三光子和四光子量子剪裁红外荧光的原因.研究结果对改善太阳能电池效率有一定意义.     

1-forms over the moduli space of irreducible connections defined by the spectrum of Dirac operators

Let (P) be the moduli space of irreducible connections of a G-principal bundle P over a closed Riemannian spin manifold M. Let D_A be the Dirac operator of M coupled to a connection A of P and f a smooth function on M. We consider a smooth variation A(u) of A with tangent vector ω and denote T_ω:= (D_A(u)−f) (u=0. The coefficients of the asymptotic expansion of trace (T_ω · e^-t(D_A−f)2) near t=0 define 1-forms a^(k)_f, K=0, 1, 2, … on (P). In this paper we calculate aa⁽⁰⁾_f, a⁽¹⁾_f, a⁽²⁾_f and study some of their properties. For instance using the 1-form a⁽²⁾_f for suitable functions f we obtain a foliation of codimension 5 of the space of G-instantons of S⁴.     

Phase formation and magnetic properties of Nd2Fe14B-type Nd16Co76B8−xCx alloys and their hydrides

An attempt is made to synthesize Nd₂Co₁₄C compound by mechanical alloying Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x (0x8) alloys and subsequent annealing. Phase formation and magnetic properties of Nd₂Fe₁₄B-type Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x alloys and their hydrides are investigated. The Nd₂Co₁₄(B,C) phase with Nd₂Fe₁₄B-type structure is formed for Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x (0x7) alloys, while NdCo₇C_δ phase with TbCu₇-type structure is observed in Nd₁₆Co₇₆C₈ alloy. The lattice parameter c of the Nd₂Co₁₄(B,C) phase decreases with increasing the carbon content. A limit volume of the unit cell to form the Nd₂Fe₁₄B-type structure is estimated to be 0.870 nm³. The spin-reorientation temperature T_SR increases with increasing the carbon content, due to an enhancement of magnetocrystalline anisotropy caused by carbon substitution for boron. After hydrogenation, the lattice expansion is observed for Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x (0x7) alloys. The spin-reorientation temperature of Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_xH_y (0x7) is much lower than that of the host alloys. Some structural and magnetic properties of hypothetic Nd₂Co₁₄C and Nd₂Co₁₄CH_y compounds are estimated by extrapolation.