损耗电阻对RLC串联谐振电路品质因数的修正

RLC串联谐振是大学物理实验的一个重要内容.实验中发现电路品质因数的实验值总是小于理论计算值.对电路中的损耗电阻进行了估算,并对品质因数的理论值进行了修正,从而有效地降低了实验相对误差.     

R对RLC串联谐振测量方法的影响

RLC串联谐振电路实验是《大学物理实验》中的一个重要内容。一般教材采取通过测量电阻两端电压的谐振曲线来确定谐振频率,但发现此时U_r/U通常小于1,从而会感到疑惑。本论文分别从实验和理论的角度验证了通过测量电感和电容两端电压的谐振曲线来确定谐振频率的可行性。     

测量RLC串联电路谐振频率的几种方法

RLC串联谐振电路对信号频率具有选择性被广泛应用于电子线路中,而在电力系统中则要尽量避免发生谐振,因为谐振会使电感和电容上的电压降高于电源电压Q倍,过高的电压会损坏用电设备,危及人身安全.     

声悬浮液滴的表面毛细波及八阶扇谐振荡

采用声悬浮方法研究了自由液滴表面的毛细波形成机理,并利用主动调制声场技术激发了液滴的八阶扇谐振荡.实验结果表明,当声场调制频率接近液滴本征频率的两倍时,液滴将由轴对称受迫振荡向非轴对称扇谐振荡模态转变.实验与理论分析证实,参数共振是毛细波与扇谐振荡的形成原因.扇谐振荡的本征频率随液滴赤道半径的增大而减小,可通过修正的Rayleigh方程来描述. 关键词： 声悬浮 液滴 毛细波 扇谐振荡     

一端部分封闭管内声波的谐振频率

实验发现声波谐振管封闭端微小的缝隙会导致谐振频率发生相当大的移动。本文从理论和实验两个方面对这个现象进行了探讨。理论上，我们将缝隙简化为一段细管，在一维波近似下得到确定谐振频率的特征方程，结果可以定性上解释实验现象。实验上，我们在封闭端开孔，通过改变孔的面积使得边界条件从闭管连续过渡到开管情况。测量结果表明，谐振频率的移动主要取决于开孔面积，与孔的形状与位置关系不大。随着孔的面积增大，频率向上移动，而且呈现显著的先快后慢规律。     

探究如何利用谐振电路准确测量电容和电感

当正弦波信号源的输出达到某一频率时,RLC电路的电流达到最大值,即产生谐振现象.目前大多数实验主要是通过描绘RLC串并联电路的相频特性、幅频特性曲线来研究RLC电路的谐振现象,进一步测定谐振曲线、电路品质因数Q值等.那么,能不能利用RLC电路的谐振特性反过来测量电路中的电容和电感呢?为此,本文首先通过谐振电路理论推导得出测量电容及电感的实验原理,然后进行大量的实验探究和数据分析,得出了准确测量电容和电感的条件.     

长周期光纤光栅谐振波长与曝光量的变化关系

利用波动干涉理论推导了长周期光纤光栅的光栅方程. 利用色心模型和Kramers-Kronig原理，得到了长周期光纤光栅的中心谐振波长与曝光量的变化关系的理论公式，并进行了实验研 究. 理论和实验结果都表明，长周期光纤光栅的中心谐振波长与曝光量的关系按多项e负指 数之和规律变化，其变化率受到模板占空比的控制；另外，长周期光纤光栅的中心谐振波长 与模板占空比成反比关系. 关键词： 长周期光纤光栅 谐振波长 模板占空比     

热声谐振管品质因数的实验研究

回热器中填充了玻璃丝绵,在声驱动的热声谐振管中发生共振,通过测量谐振频率,分析热声谐振管的频率特性,辨识谐振管的品质因数,其测量结果能与理论计算值较好的吻合。实验证实,品质因数是评价热声谐振管工作性能的重要参数。     

一维负磁导率材料中的缺陷效应

理论和实验已经表明，金属开口谐振环（split ring resonators,简称SRR）可以实现材料的有效磁导率μeff在某一频率范围内为负.采用波导法实验研究了不同几何尺寸的六边形SRR在X波段微波作用下的近邻相互作用.实验发现，相同尺寸的六边形SRR周期性排列而成的一维负磁导率材料存在一个谐振频率；当缺陷谐振环引入一维负磁导率材料时，主谐振频率和缺陷环谐振频率同时发生移动；主谐振频率和缺陷环谐振频率的移动量随缺陷与双环谐振频率之差的增加而减小，当缺陷环谐振频率与双环谐振频率接近时，环间的相互作用增强，频率的移动量增大. 关键词： 负磁导率 缺陷效应 开口谐振环     

基于RLC谐振电路研究非接触弹性摆受迫振动的运动特性

实验通过电磁激振方式驱动弹性摆作受迫振动,并巧妙利用RLC谐振电路中电容值在适当频率范围内的微小变化会导致电阻R上产生较大压降变化这一现象,把弹性摆与电容特性联系起来,间接得到电压变化与弹性摆运动变化的关系,进而实现通过改变激振频率来研究摆受迫振动的幅频特性与相频特性的研究目的.     

矩形微槽道纳米流体沸腾传热压降特性研究

为研究纳米流体微尺度沸腾传热流阻及压降特性,文中以体积浓度为0.2%的水基Al2O3纳米流体为试验工质,在尺寸为0.6mm×2mm矩形微槽道中进行沸腾传热实验,建立实验模型,分析纳米流体沸腾传热两相摩擦乘子的影响因素及进出口压降组成,并将本实验的两相摩擦压降值与现有理论模型及参数修正后理论模型预测值进行比较。结果显示,在本实验给定的条件下,实验段两相流压降中88.6%为两相摩擦压降。与L-M模型相比,M-H修正模型和Z-M修正模型都能较好地预测实验结果。其中经M-H修正模型能更好地预测本实验的实验值,使得平均误差减小为21.2%,大大降低了原L-M模型的误差。     

The topography of the nuclear fission barrier

Fission theory first developed within the framework of the liquid drop model. Shell model concepts were introduced into fission theory much later than they were in nuclear structure theory, but then with spectacular success in explaining striking experimental results then emerging in actinide fission. In the last two decades the complex topography of the fission barrier that is the result of shell model theory has been a major theme in the expanding knowledge of fission, most experimental data finding a natural explanation within this theme. The development of the concept of shell model structure in the fission barrier is outlined in this review.     

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实验研究了通道插件(FCI)压力平衡孔(PEH)和压力平衡狭缝(PES)结构、绝缘和非绝缘材质对磁流体动力学(MHD)效应的影响,结果表明：带PEH或PES、绝缘或非绝缘材质的FCI产生的流速分布有很大的差异;对MHD压降而言,FCI结构PEHs或PES差异的影响大于FCI绝缘或非绝缘材质差异引起的影响;对流速分布而则刚好相反。二次流引起的局部流速骤增的MHD效应(简称为S-MHD效应)对控制管道内流速分布和降低MHD压降有作用,这些实验结果为弄清FCI的MHD效应机制和液态金属包层设计提供了实验认知与有价值的参考。     

FCI结构及其电导率对MHD效应影响实验研究

实验研究了通道插件(FCI)压力平衡孔(PEH)和压力平衡狭缝(PES)结构、绝缘和非绝缘材质对磁流体动力学(MHD)效应的影响,结果表明：带PEH或PES、绝缘或非绝缘材质的FCI产生的流速分布有很大的差异;对MHD压降而言,FCI结构PEHs或PES差异的影响大于FCI绝缘或非绝缘材质差异引起的影响;对流速分布而则刚好相反。二次流引起的局部流速骤增的MHD效应(简称为S-MHD效应)对控制管道内流速分布和降低MHD压降有作用,这些实验结果为弄清FCI的MHD效应机制和液态金属包层设计提供了实验认知与有价值的参考。     

载气汽油在水平螺旋扁管管束中的沸腾换热

以汽油-空气为介质,在不凝性气体质量含量不超过5%时,对导程为200mm的螺旋扁管管束中的沸腾换热进行了实验研究,分析了沸腾换热系数随两相质量流量的变化规律以及流动压降随空气流量的变化规律。得到了相应条件下,载气汽油在该导程的螺旋扁管管束中的沸腾换热实验关联式。     

Instability and freezing in a solidifying melt conduit

Previous works have shown that when liquid flows in a pipe whose boundary temperature is below freezing, a tubular drainage conduit forms surrounded by solidified material that freezes shut under the appropriate combination of forcing conditions. We conduct laboratory experiments with wax in which the tube freezes shut below a certain value of flux from a pump. As the flux is gradually decreased to this value, the total pressure drop across the length of the tube first decreases to a minimum value and then rises before freezing. Previous theoretical models of a tube driven by a constant pressure drop suggest that once the pressure minimum is reached, the states for a lower flux should be unstable and the tube should therefore freeze-up. In our experiments, flux and pressure drop were coupled, and this motivates us to extend the theory for low Reynolds number flow through a tube with solidification to incorporate a simple pressure-drop-flux relationship. Our model predicts a steady-state relationship between flux and pressure drop that has a minimum pressure as the flux is varied. The stability properties of these steady states depend on the boundary conditions: for a fixed flux, they are all stable, whereas for fixed pressure drop, only those with a flux larger than that at the pressure drop minimum are stable. For a mixed pressure-flux condition, the stability threshold of the steady states lies between these two end members. This provides a possible mechanism for the experimental observations.     

振荡流下回热器压降特性的实验研究

研制了一种简单实用的实验装置,用于振荡流回热器压降特性的研究。在活塞提供的振荡流作用下,研究了回热器孔隙率、长度、堆叠方式及温差对回热器动态压降的影响。实验结果显示,丝网型回热器的动态压降与回热器的长度及孔隙率几乎呈线性关系,而在相同条件下与丝网的堆叠方式无明显的关联;此外,回热器的动态压降随回热器两端温差的增加而增大,与温差变化方向无明显联系。本文研究的目的是为斯特林回热器的设计提供相关的实验数据。     

Entropy Generation for Negative Frictional Pressure Drop in Vertical Slug and Churn Flows

It is widely accepted that the frictional pressure drop is impossible to be negative for pipe flow. However, the negative frictional pressure drops were observed for some cases of two-phase slug and churn flows in pipes, challenging the general sense of thermodynamic irreversibility. In order to solve this puzzling problem, theoretical investigations were performed for the entropy generation in slug and churn flows. It is found that the frictional pressure drop along with a buoyancy-like term contributes to the entropy generation due to mechanical energy loss for steady, incompressible slug and churn flows in vertical and inclined pipes. Experiments were conducted in a vertical pipe with diameter as 0.04 m for slug and churn flows. Most of the experimental data obtained for frictional pressure drop are negative at high gas–liquid ratios from 100 to 10,000. Entropy generation rates were calculated from experimental data. The results show that the buoyancy-like term is positive and responsible for a major part of entropy generation rate while the frictional pressure drop is responsible for a little part of entropy generation rate, because of which the overall entropy generation due to mechanical energy loss is still positive even if the frictional pressure drop is negative in vertical slug and churn flows. It is clear that the negative frictional pressure drops observed in slug and churn flows are not against the thermodynamics irreversibility.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER FROM A DISCRETE SOURCE TO A CIRCULAR LIQUID JET WITH ANNULAR COLLECTION OF THE SPENT FLUID

This study reports an experimental investigation of evaporative heat transfer and pressure drop of R-134a flowing downward inside vertical corrugated tubes with different corrugation pitches. The double tube test section is 0.5 m long with refrigerant flowing in the inner tube and hot water flowing in the annulus. The inner tubes are comprised of one smooth tube and three corrugated tubes with different corrugation pitches of 6.35, 8.46, and 12.7 mm. The test runs are performed at evaporating temperatures of 10°C, 15°C, and 20°C; heat fluxes of 20, 25, and 30 kW/m²; and mass fluxes of 200, 300, and 400 kg/m²s. The experimental data obtained from the smooth tube are plotted with flow pattern map for vertical flow. Comparisons between smooth and corrugated tubes on the heat transfer and pressure drop are also discussed. It is observed that the heat transfer coefficient and frictional pressure drop obtained from the corrugated tubes are higher than those from the smooth tube. Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficient and frictional pressure drop increase as the corrugation pitch decreases. The maximum heat transfer enhancement factor and penalty factor are up to 1.22 and 4.0, respectively.     

直接甲醇燃料电池阳极流道两相流动的拟沸腾模型(I)流动压力降的计算

本文分析了直接甲醇燃料电池阳极流道中存在的气液两相流动现象。通过与传统加热管中流动沸腾现象进行比拟,首次提出了“拟沸腾”的概念,建立了气液两相流压力降模型。基于在建的活化面积为100 cm2的DMFC极板的蛇行流场设计,计算了阳极流道的压力降,分析了各分压力降对总压降的影响。计算结果表明:对于小活化面积的电池,在小电流密度下运行时,流道中扩散层表面的“非活化点”处滞留的气泡核心对主流有较大的附加摩擦阻力作用。