Study of a multi-wire proportional chamber with a cathode strip and delay-line readout

The design principle for a multi-wire proportional chamber with a cathode strip and delay-line readout is described. A prototype chamber of a size of 10 cm×10 cm was made together with the readout electronics circuit. A very clean signal with very low background noise was obtained by applying a transformer between the delay-line and the pre-amplifier in order to match the resistance. Along the anode wire direction a position resolution of less than 0.5 mm was achieved with a ^55Fe-5.9 keV X ray source. The simple structure, large effective area and high position resolution allow the application of a gas chamber of this kind to many purposes.     

二维多丝室探测器读出方法的优化

中国散裂中子源将建设一台基于~3He气体的二维多丝室,作为多功能反射谱仪束线的中子探测器.基于已有的研究,为优化选择二维多丝室探测器的丝结构,本文研究了三种不同的丝结构,并采用重心读出方法和数字读出方法进行了探测器的性能测量,得到了满足多功能反射谱仪探测器需求的读出方法.实验结果表明:对同种丝结构的二维多丝室探测器,重心读出方法的位置分辨和成像性能都好于数字读出方法;基于重心法读出的多丝室探测器位置分辨率可以达到约160μm,基于数字读出方法的多丝室探测器位置分辨率可以达到约400μm.优化设计的丝结构为:基于重心读出法的阳极丝间距1.5 mm、读出通道间距4 mm,基于数字读出法的阳极丝间距1.5 mm、读出通道间距2 mm.优化设计的丝结构均能满足谱仪的位置分辨要求.     

用于中国散裂中子源多功能反射谱仪的高气压多丝正比室探测器的研制

中国散裂中子源需要建设一台多功能反射谱仪中子探测器,满足在10年运行期间内,50%(@2A)以上的探测效率、好于2 mm的二维位置分辨、200 mm×200 mm的灵敏面积、3倍的n/γ分辨能力及良好的二维成像性能.基于此要求,探测器因此采用基于高气压~3He气体的多丝正比室,并以满足反射谱仪的探测效率、位置分辨、长期稳定工作和n/y分辨能力为目标进行探测器的设计.本文经过模拟和实验计算得出:以9 mm厚的铝合金入射窗、铝丝密封的高气压腔体和6 bar~3He+2.5 bar C_3H_8的工作气体的设计,可满足探测器对2 A中子10年运行期间内54%以上的探测效率要求;探测器对中子的位置分辨可达到1.4 mm左右;设计的气体净化系统,拥有2 L/min的气流速度可有效去除探测器内的负电性杂质气体,气体循环净化后可提高探测器约27%的气体增益,保证探测器长期稳定的运行;通过对~(252)Cf中子源的能谱测量和成像测量,得出探测器的n/γ分辨能力在5倍以上和均匀的成像结果.研制的探测器满足反射谱仪需求,并已在中国散裂中子源反射谱仪靶站就位联调.     

An X-ray imaging device based on a GEM detector with delay-line readout

An X-ray imaging device based on a triple-GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) detector, a fast delay-line circuit with 700 MHz cut-off frequency and two dimensional readout strips with 150 μm width on the top and 250 μm width on the bottom, is designed and tested. The localization information is derived from the propagation time of the induced signals on the readout strips. This device has a good spatial resolution of 150 μm and works stably at an intensity of 105 Hz/mm2 with 8 keV X-rays.     

An X-ray imaging device based on a GEM detector with delay-line readout

An X-ray imaging device based on a triple-GEM （Gas Electron Multiplier） detector, a fast delay-line circuit with 700 MHz cut-off frequency and two dimensional readout strips with 150 μm width on the top and 250 μm width on the bottom, is designed and tested. The localization information is derived from the propagation time of the induced signals on the readout strips. This device has a good spatial resolution of 150 μm and works stably at an intensity of 105 Hz/mm2 with 8 keV X-rays.     

Delay line readout of a large dimension multi-wire proportional chamber

A two dimensional multi-wire proportional chamber with delay line readout was developed, which has a large sensitive area of 30 cm× 30 cm. Two cathode planes using printed circuit boards are orthogonally placed to give two coordinates of the impact point of the particle. Signals collected from the cathode strips are amplified and discriminated from two ends of the delay line at each cathode board. By recording the time difference between the two discrimination pulses and the common gate pulse from anode wires, a coordinate position was reconstructed, and a position resolution of better than 1 mm could be obtained in the whole sensitive area along the anode wires.     

北京正负电子对撞机试验束描迹仪的应用

试验束能提供不同种类、一定动量的单粒子束流。用三个多丝正比室做探测器,采用阴极感应电荷重心读出的方法,由单个多丝室对粒子击中点的二维坐标进行定位,粒子在三个室平面上的二维坐标经拟合后精确地描绘出北京正负电子对撞机试验束单粒子束流的径迹及入射方向。对阴极感应电荷重心读出的理论、实现方法及数据处理做了详细论述,并给出了实验结果。     

多丝室在北京试验束中的应用

介绍了北京正负电子对撞机直线加速器附设e,p试验束多丝室的结构及工作机理。该室间隙6 mm,窗口面积80 mm×80 mm,位置灵敏面积50 mm×50 mm;阳极丝和阴极丝分别采用直径为20 mm和50 mm镀金钨丝,阳极丝距2 mm,阴极丝距0.7 mm,每6根阴极丝并联构成阴极条,阴极条间距4.2 mm。采用阴极条感应重心读出分辨位置,对5.9 keV的γ光子,获得优于0.3 mm (FWHM)的位置分辨;对1.1 GeV电子束流,获得0.224 mm (FWHM)的位置分辨。     

基于GEM读出的TPC原型设计与建造

基于GEM探测器读出的TPC漂移室,具有非常多的优势,是ILC中央径迹探测器的首选方案之一。本文介绍了一个GEM－TPC原型机的设计。通过对该原型机进行的一系列测试,证明了该系统设计合理、搭建成功,已具备其基本功能,可以进行深入的测试研究。     

多丝室在北京试验束中的应用

 介绍了北京正负电子对撞机直线加速器附设e,p试验束多丝室的结构及工作机理。该室间隙6 mm,窗口面积80 mm×80 mm,位置灵敏面积50 mm×50 mm;阳极丝和阴极丝分别采用直径为20 mm和50 mm镀金钨丝,阳极丝距2 mm,阴极丝距0.7 mm,每6根阴极丝并联构成阴极条,阴极条间距4.2 mm。采用阴极条感应重心读出分辨位置,对5.9 keV的γ光子,获得优于0.3 mm (FWHM)的位置分辨;对1.1 GeV电子束流,获得0.224 mm (FWHM)的位置分辨。     

低气压双维位置灵敏多丝正比室的研制

描述了为在放射性束流线上开展核反应研究而研制的灵敏面积为50mm×50mm的双维位置灵敏的低气压多丝正比室,研制的低气压多丝正比室为穿透式,在真空中使用,工作气压为8mb,透射性好,不干扰束流,放射源测试结果表明,它的x,y方向的位置双径迹分辨为1mm,用放射性束流在束测试结果表明,对30—40MeV的低Z放射性束的探测效率大于80%,适用于中能次级束实验中入射束的定位和反应中产生的带电粒子出射角度的测量。     

Study of readout and cross-talks for multi-strip RPC with PSpice simulation

An electrical model for multi-strip resistive plate chamber (RPC) is presented, and a comparison between simulation results and test data is carried on. Based on the model, the influences of the RPC's design parameters on the readout are studied with PSpice simulation. Cross-talk (CT) phenomenon is observed and the relative amplitudes of the CT are studied for different design parameters.     

Design and performance of a 2-D multi-wire position sensitive X-ray detector

A 2-D multi-wire position sensitive detector for X-ray diffraction and small angle X-ray scattering studies is described. The detector has an active area of 100 mm × 100 mm and consists of an anode plane with 10 μm SS wires at 3 mm spacing and a pair of orthogonal cathode readout planes with 25 μm SS wires placed at 1.5 mm spacing. The position information is obtained using charge division method and recorded using a laboratory built data acquisition system. The resolution and gas gain was measured for 5.9 keV X-rays (⁵⁵Fe-source) as a function of the anode wire voltage and gas pressure. It was observed that the proportional region of the PSD at 100 kPa pressure extended up to a high voltage value of around 1.5 kV and it shifted to high values up to 2 kV for gas pressure of 300 kPa. The energy resolution improved from 18% (FWHM) to 12% with increase in pressure. The spatial resolution of the PSD also showed improvement, with a value of 1.2 mm × 1.4 mm at 300 kPa gas pressure. A maximum gain of 5 × 10⁴ is obtained.     

Study of readout and cross-talks for multi-strip RPC with PSpice simulation

An electrical model for multi-strip resistive plate chamber (RPC) is presented,and a comparison between simulation results and test data is carried on.Based on the model,the influences of the RPC's design parameters on the readout are studied with PSpice simulation.Cross-talk (CT) phenomenon is observed and the relative amplitudes of the CT are studied for different design parameters.     

纳米碳酸盐制备阴极的蒸发特性研究

采用飞行时间质谱法和石英晶体振荡动态测试法,分析纳米碳酸盐制备储存式氧化物阴极在分解、激活过程中及不同工作温度下的蒸发特性.结果表明:纳米碳酸盐氧化物阴极纯净无杂质,能够在常规工艺过程中充分分解和激活,比普通碳酸盐氧化物阴极的活性物质更多,蒸发率更小. 关键词： 飞行时间质谱法 晶体振荡法 纳米碳酸盐 氧化物阴极     

带栅极纳米线冷阴极的场增强因子研究

场增强因子是体现场发射冷阴极器件性能优劣的重要参数.利用静电场理论给出了一种带栅极(normal-gated)纳米线冷阴极的场增强因子表示式β=k₁{N²·(L-d₁)²+［1/k₁+(L-d₁)］²}^1/2，且进一步分析了几何参数对场增强因子的影响.结果表明，纳米线突出栅孔的部分(L-d₁)与栅孔半径越大，则场增强因子越大；而纳米线半径越小，则场增强因子越大；当L远大于d₁时满足β∝L/r₀.其中N=N₁(k₁r₀)/N₀(k₁r₀)，N₀(k₁r₀)和N₁(k₁r₀)分别代表零阶和一阶Neumann函数，k₁=0.8936/R，R为栅孔半径，L为纳米线长度，r₀为纳米线半径，d₁表示阴极与栅极间距.     

Production of a large area diffuse arc plasma with multiple cathode

An arc channel at atmospheric pressure tends to shrink generally. In this paper, a non-transferred DC arc plasma device with multiple cathode is introduced to produce a large area arc plasma at atmospheric pressure. This device is comprised of a 42-mm diameter tubular chamber, multiple cathode which is radially inserted into the chamber, and a tungsten anode with a nozzle in its center. In argon/helium atmosphere, a large area and circumferential homogenous diffuse arc plasma, which fills the entire cross section surrounded by the cathode tips, is observed. Results show that the uniformity and stability of diffuse arc plasma are strongly related to the plasma forming gas. Based on these experimental results, an explanation to the arc diffusion is suggested. Moreover, the electron excitation temperature and electron density measured in diffuse helium plasma are much lower than those of constricted arc column, which indicates the diffuse helium plasma probably deviates from the local thermodynamic equilibrium state. Unlike the common non-transferred arc plasma devices, this device can provide a condition for axial-fed feedstock particles. The plasma device is attempted to spheroidize alumina powders by using the central axis to send the powder. Results show that the powder produced is usually a typical hollow sphere.     

Design and construction of a TPC prototype based on GEM detector readout

A time projection chamber (TPC) readout by gas electron multipliers (GEM) detector is a very promising candidate for the central tracking system of ILC (International Linear Collider). A prototype is designed and set up in our lab and introduced here. The tests during and after the assembly prove that the prototype TPC has been constructed successfully. It is ready for further study.     

Design of a reverberant chamber for noise exposure experiments with small animals

Previous work on the acoustic design of small reverberant chambers for studies on laboratory animals has paid, in general, more attention to the frequency response at certain points in their interior. These designs aimed to provide a frequency response as flat as possible at the receivers, thus avoiding unpleasant spectral coloration effects. However, an equally important, and frequently neglected, aspect is to set an acoustic field as spatially uniform as possible inside the zone where the animals are to be placed during the exposure to noise. Here, an optimization procedure is described to calculate the proportions of the chamber dimensions that confers the highest sound level with the minimum mean squared deviation averaged in a given area inside the chamber. In addition, new stimuli have been designed with a high-pass filtering and linear with frequency gain. These stimuli were intended to adapt the characteristics of the exposing noise to the rodent hearing spectrum, displaced toward higher frequencies than the hearing frequency band of humans.     

压电条SH声辐射场研究

具有一定宽度和厚度的无穷长压电条置于均匀各向同性半空间上, 压电条在电激励下产生机械振动从而在整个空间产生声场. 将压电条取为6mm晶系, 其对称主轴沿长度方向. 针对这 种压电换能器结构, 深入研究了SH波的激发和辐射特性. 首先将压电条中的声场展开为傅里 叶级数, 而将压电条下的无界半空间中的声场展开为傅里叶积分, 然后根据边界条件得到了 整个空间中声场的求解方案, 通过数值模拟计算了声场的分布特性, 并和传统方法进行了定 量的对比和分析. 最后采用最陡下降法(鞍点法)研究并得到了压电条声辐射场的远场近似表 达式, 分析了声场的指向性规律. 结果表明只有当频率f和压电条宽度a的乘积 fa<1 kHz·m 时, 传统方法得到的结果是可靠的，当频率升高时，压电条内应力和位移呈振荡式分布，频率愈高振荡愈激烈，且与传统方法的差异愈大.本文对声学微系统与声传感器件的研究具有 重要意义. 关键词： 压电条 6mm晶系 表面位移 指向性因子