基于差频中红外激光的痕量气体高分辨光谱检测研究

研究了基于差频光源的高分辨中红外激光光谱检测系统,差频中红外光源使用两台近红外半导体激光器作为种子光源,采用PPLN晶体作为非线性混频器件,结合准相位匹配技术实现了3.2~3.7 μm中红外相干光源输出,最大差频输出功率约为1 μW.以CH₄为例检验了系统的高分辨红外光谱检测特性,选择CH₄分子3 028.751 cm^-1 v₃基频吸收线作为分析谱线,10 cm光程的检测限为0.8 ppm.光谱数据分析表明,系统检测限主要受到标准具光学噪音的限制.     

基于中红外DFG光源的甲烷气体光谱检测方法研究

基于中红外光源的气体光谱检测是新的痕量气体监测与分析方法，在大气监测领域具有重要的应用。构建了一套基于中红外DFG光源的甲烷气体光谱检测系统。该系统以1 550 nm和1 060 nm波段可调谐半导体激光器作为基频光源，采用PPLN晶体作为差频非线性变频器件，实现了3.3 μm处的窄线宽可调谐中红外光源输出。实验结果表明，当PPLN晶体工作温度为99.5℃时，闲频光的输出功率为112 μW，差频转换效率达到1.246 mW/W2。晶体的温度接受带宽为4.3℃，泵浦光波长接受带宽为5.3 nm。在此基础上，分别利用直接吸收法和谐波检测法获得了3 028.751 cm-1处的甲烷气体吸收光谱和二次谐波检测信号。     

基于TDLAS-WMS的中红外痕量CH_4检测仪

为了对痕量甲烷(CH4)进行非接触式检测,采用可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)与波长调制光谱(WMS)的检测技术,利用CH4位于中红外波段1 332.8cm-1吸收谱线,设计并研制出痕量CH4检测仪。该仪器使用中心波长为7.5μm的中红外量子级联激光器(QCL),通过调谐系数-0.2cm-1·A-1,采用固定工作温度调节其注入电流(0.6~1.6 A)的方式使其发光光谱扫描CH4气体吸收谱线(1 332.8cm-1)。在光学结构方面,该仪器采用光程为76m的herriott长光程密闭气体吸收气室,配合差分检测光路,降低了由激光光源波动引起的噪声,确保对痕量CH4进行检测。实验中,实现了40×10-9最低检测下限,检测结果的相对误差为0.09%,稳定度优于2.8%,验证了该仪器的可行性。     

差频激光器产生宽调谐中红外输出

差频激光器产生宽调谐中红外输出ＣＲＥＯＬ的研究人员在１．３μｍ对二极管泵浦内腔差频激光器的输出波长进行了调谐。ＣＲＥＯＬ的Ｄ．Ｊ．Ｄｉｘｏｎ报导了室温下ＣＷ光源的输出可从３．１μｍ调到４．４μｍ。该光谱区对很多光谱学应用是很重要的，过去只有铅盐二极管...     

碘稳频中红外差频激光光谱技术

为实现中红外波段的高精度线型研究,建立了一套在2.5～5um波段连续可调谐的中红外差频激光光谱测量系统.基于宽带连续可调谐钛宝石激光器(700 ～900 nm)和单频连续Nd:YAG激光器(1064 nm),利用碘多普勒展宽吸收和频率调制技术,对Nd:YAG激光的频率进行反馈控制,使1064 nm的Nd:YAG激光的波长稳定性好于1X10-5 cm-1由此差频输出的波长稳定性达到1×10-1cm-1水平,适合高精度的线形研究.并通过对CH4分子在2927 cm-1附近吸收谱线的测量,表明该系统可以结合频率调制方法,进行高灵敏的光谱检测.     

PPLN晶体差频中红外激光系统调谐特性研究

室温工作的连续可调谐相干光源在痕量气体检测技术中有着重要应用价值,光学非线性变换是获得室温运转中红外相干光源的有效途径,是对传统激光技术的有效补充.研究了基于准相位匹配原理的差频激光系统的温度和信号光波长调谐特性,从准相位匹配技术的一般位相匹配关系出发,推导了PPLN晶体差频准相位匹配的温度和信号光波长匹配带宽解析表达式;建立了基于PPLN晶体准相位匹配原理的宽调谐差频中红外激光系统,实现了3.2～3.7üm中红外相干光输出,最大输出功率约为1üW;对系统温度和信号光波长调谐特性进行实验研究,并与理论结果进行了比较和分析.     

光纤型宽带可调连续波差频产生中红外激光器

报道一种新型光纤化宽带可调连续波中红外激光器系统,该激光系统采用准相位匹配(QPM)的差频产生(DFG)技术,非线性晶体为多周期的周期性极化掺镁铌酸锂晶体(PPMgLN),掺镱光纤激光器(YDFL)用作抽运光源,可调激光器经掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)功率提升后作为信号光源。利用建立的准相位匹配-差频产生系统,获得了连续波中红外差频光输出;实验发现,温度导致相位失谐的半峰全宽(FWHM)为4.5℃;通过优化选择晶体周期,并结合调节信号光波长和控制温度,该准相位匹配-差频产生系统可在3.1~3.6μm内连续调谐。     

基于量子级联激光器的红外光谱技术评述

量子级联激光器是一种新型的红外相干光源。利用量子理论与带隙工程,量子级联激光器可实现3μm到100μm波长范围内的任意输出波长。由于大多数气体分子的特征光谱都集中在中红外波段,而中红外量子级联激光器具有功率高、线宽窄、扫描速度快等独特的优点,因此,基于量子级联激光器的红外光谱技术已成为气体检测技术的研究热点。尤其是,近年来室温激光器性能得到不断的完善,输出功率和电光转换效率得到了极大的提高,这在很大程度上推动了红外激光光谱技术的迅速发展。本文根据工作原理,分别介绍了基于直接吸收谱检测、相位调制光谱检测、光声调制光谱检测和法拉第旋光效应光谱检测的量子级联激光器红外光谱检测技术,并对其实现方法和应用情况进行了介绍。     

一种小型化的低能量、高重频激光诱导击穿光谱系统用于铅元素分析（英文）

研制了一款小型化的激光诱导击穿光谱系统.光源采用低能量、高重频的二极管泵浦固体Nd:YAG激光器,分析了激光重频和激光能量对光谱信号的影响.激光器工作在重频4kHz、单脉冲能量为745μJ、脉宽为17ns时,得到了7条铅元素的特征谱线.与单脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱系统相比,不仅特征谱线数量增加,光谱的信噪比也提高了73%。简化的系统设置和低的激光能量使得激光诱导击穿光谱技术能够应用于更多领域.     

基于差频技术产生4μm波长光波混频系统的特性分析

介绍了一种基于差频技术产生4μm中红外激光输出的技术方案。将Nd：YAG激光器产生的1．06μm和1．44μm的激光直接注入LiNbO3晶体中进行差频，从而得到4μm的激光输出。导出了处理三波耦合的耦合波方程，并作了计算分析。结果表明，该方案在4．04μm波长处的激光输出可达40-50mJ。     

Infrared absorption spectrometer with a broad-band tunable He—Xe laser

The performance of the infrared spectrometer with the tunable 3.5 μm He-¹³⁶Xe laser as a radiation source is characterized as follows: 1) the tuning coverage of 7 cm^?1 by a Zeeman laser with a superconducting solenoid is an order of magnitude broader than that reported in the past, 2) the source frequency modulation of specific amplitude, accompanied by synchronous detection, makes the output free from undulation due to mode hopping, 3) the highly directive laser beam is passed through an absorption cell of about 50 m effective path-length in which the Stark electric field is applicable to absorbing molecules. The high resolution and high sensitivity as well as the broad frequency coverage of the infrared spectrometer are demonstrated in the absorption spectra of some organic gas molecules.     

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱法对高温甲烷的测量研究

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)是一种具有高灵敏度、高分辨率、快速检测特点的气体检测技术,已广泛用于大气中多种痕量气体的检测以及地面的痕量气体和气体泄漏的检测。研究了利用TDLAS技术测量高温下甲烷浓度的实验方法,使用可加热的静态吸收池对在1653.72nm波长附近R(3)支转动跃迁的吸收线进行了测量,并计算了吸收线强。分别在相同温度不同浓度和相同浓度不同温度的两种条件下进行了实验。结果表明,利用直接吸收的方法,在实验室可以得到370K时的最小可探测限为100×10-6,500K时的最小可探测限为245×10-6(吸收池长度为10cm),可以应用在燃烧控制及喷焰气体浓度测量等多个领域。     

多组分变压器油溶解气体的傅里叶变换红外光声光谱定量检测

油中溶解气体是表征充油型变压器早期故障的重要特征量之一,其组分和含量的高精度检测在变压器运行状态评估和故障预警中拥有重要的研究意义。光声痕量气体检测技术作为一种光学检测手段,具有无损、高检测灵敏度、大动态范围和样品无需前处理等优点,有望实现多种变压器油溶解气体的在线检测。基于傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,结合高精度T型共振光声池,建立傅里叶变换红外光声光谱检测系统,选用CO2和C2H2作为气体样品,开展多种变压油中溶解气体定量检测研究。所设计的T型共振光声池主要由相互垂直的吸收腔和共振腔构成,声探测器位于共振腔顶端远离入射光路,避免了杂散光引起的噪声对光声信号的干扰。光声池的共振频率主要由共振腔决定,共振腔与入射光路垂直,其长度不受水平面的狭窄空间的影响,故可在有限的尺寸下实现低频共振,满足光谱仪样品空间需求。实验选用380μL·L^-1 CO2∶1 000μL·L^-1 C2H2∶N2的混合气体作为待测样品,应用光谱仪中的宽谱光源,选用6 cm^-1空间分辨率,采集并分析该气体样品的红外光声谱。所有气体吸收峰清晰可见,说明该方法可完成多种气体的同时检测。在常温常压条件下, 2 349 cm^-1入射光能量仅为12.6μW时, CO2气体的检测精度为4μL·L^-1,满足国家电网公司企业标准(Q/GDW 536-2010)变压器油中溶解气体在线监测装置技术规范中在线监测装置技术指标对CO2气体最低监测极限值的要求;1 360 cm^-1入射光能量为30μW时, C2H2气体在的检测精度为5μL·L^-1,达到中华人民共和国电力行业标准变压器油中溶解气体分析和判断导则(DL/T 722-2014)中对运行中220 kV及以下的变压器和电抗器设备油中溶解气体含量C2H2含量上限的限定。实验结果表明基于T增强型光声池气体检测系统结合了傅里叶红外光谱的广谱特性和光声气体检测技术的高灵敏度,可实现多种变压器油中溶解气体的高精度定量检测,有望为变压器运行状态监测和故障类型分析评估提供理论依据。     

An approach of open-path gas sensor based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is a new method to detect trace-gas qualitatively or quantificationally based on the scan characteristic of the diode laser to obtain the absorption spectroscopy in the characteristic absorption region. A time-sharing scanning open-path TDLAS system using two near infrared distributed feedback (DFB) tunable diode lasers is designed to detect CH4 and H2S in leakage of natural gas. A low-cost Fresnel lens is used in this system as receiving optics which receives the laser beam reflected by a solid corner cube reflector with a distance of up to about 60 m. High sensitivity is achieved by means of wavelength-modulation spectroscopy with second-harmonic detection. The minimum detection limits of 1.1 ppm·m for CH4 and 15 ppm·m for H2S are demonstrated with a total optical path of 120 m. The simulation monitoring experiment of nature gas leakage was carried out with this system. According to the receiving light efficiency of optical system and detectable minimum light intensity of detection, the detectable optical path of the system can achieve 1 - 2 km. The sensor is suitable for natural gas leakage monitoring application.     

High Resolution Linear Laser Absorption Spectroscopy-Review

Throughout the optical spectral region from the visible to the far infrared, lasers have in recent years become increasingly important for high resolution spectroscopy in both laboratory measurements and practical applications. In general, laser sources can be classified into broadly tunable and discretely tunable types with the gas laser belonging to the latter. While gas lasers oscillate in narrow lines scattered throughout the optical spectral region, broadly tunable laser emissions cover a range of wide spectral region depending on the lasing media and operating characteristics. For example, the Pb-salt diode laser covers the spectral region from about 2.6 to 30 μm, the dye laser from 400 to 700 nm, the color center laser from 0.8 to 3.3 μm, the difference frequency spectrometer from 2.2 to 4.2 μm and the spin-flip Raman laser from 5.2 to 6.0 μm. The very limited tunability of the gas laser can sometimes be extended to many times the Doppler width by Zeeman tuning the gain medium or pressure broadening the gain profile or electrooptically modulating the laser output frequency with a tunable microwave source.     

Doppler-limited spectra of the ν3 vibration of 12CH4 and 13CH4

The tetrahedral splittings in the P and R branches of the ν₃ band of natural methane have been examined with Doppler-limited resolution using a difference-frequency spectrometer. The spectra obtained by this difference-frequency mixer are compared to recent high-resolution grating spectrometer studies of ¹²CH₄ and enriched ¹³CH₄. The resolution, selectivity and precision are improved over the conventional methods. The mixing spectrometer utilizes tunable, narrow linewidth infrared radiation generated in the nonlinear optical crystal, LiNbO₃ as the beat frequency between a CW argon ion and a tunable dye laser. This spectrometer covers the 2.2 to 4.2 μm infrared spectrum with an instrumental resolution of 5 × 10^?4 cm^?1 and continuous scans up to ～1 cm^?1 and with ir power ～1 μW.     

基于菲涅耳透镜阵列的红外气体传感器

菲涅耳透镜同时具有分光与会聚特性, 且体积小、重量轻和易复制, 使其在光谱检测中得到逐步应用, 但典型光谱成像仪采用菲涅耳透镜沿光轴扫描的方法来获得连续谱线, 不利于光谱仪的稳定性。考虑到气体探测需求, 选用多通道方式来获得多光谱, 提出了一种基于菲涅耳透镜阵列的新型红外气体传感器, 可实现吸收波长在3～5 μm的CO2,CO,CH4,SO2气体的实时检测。利用球面波的传输理论和瑞利判据, 推导了菲涅耳透镜光谱分辨率与透镜结构参数之间的函数关系, 并以光谱分辨率小于50nm为性能指标, 对1μm工艺的8台阶菲涅耳透镜阵列的结构参数进行了计算和误差分析。结果表明, 透镜阵列所需焦距为47.84 mm, 平均数值孔径大于0.4。     

Investigation on infrared laser absorption spectroscopy measurement of acetylene trace quantities

A laser-based infrared spectrometer was developed for use in high-resolution spectroscopic analysis of trace gases in the atmosphere. Continuous wave, broadly tunable coherent infrared radiation was generated from 8 to 19 μm in a gallium selenide crystal by laser difference-frequency mixing. Measurements of acetylene trace concentrations using laser absorption spectroscopy are reported. The measurements have been performed by using the P(21), Q(11), and R(9) lines of the ν₅ band, respectively, in order to investigate optimal detection conditions: a trade-off choice between higher line absorption strength for sensitive detection and better spectral discrimination from lines overlapping for open path trace-gas monitoring applications. Minimum detectable concentrations are compared under different experimental conditions. The ν₅ R(9) line seems to be close to optimum in terms of absorption strength and freedom from spectral interference for spectroscopic detection of acetylene trace concentration at atmospheric pressure.