用BCS理论计算稀土核转动惯量的奇偶差

用BCS理论计算了稀土区偶偶核和奇A核的转动惯量.计算结果表明,尽管转动惯量的计算值系统地小于实验值,但实验上观测到的转动惯量奇偶差的大幅度变化能够用BCS理论定性地描述. 这个结论与人们普遍认为的BCS理论给出的奇A核转动惯量应比相邻的偶偶核基态转动惯量大15%的看法相悖,但却证实了20多年以前Gregory和Volkov等人得出的结论,有助于人们在BCS平均场理论框架下理解正常形变核中出现全同带的现象.     

过渡金属的超导电理论

1.实验证明,过渡族超导体的很多性质可以在BCS理论中获得解释,只要形式上把BCS理论中的N(0)理解成Fermi能级处s带和d带态密度之和。这些性质有:比热,临界磁场,能隙等。 过渡金属的特点是s带和d带重迭,Fermi能级位于s带和d带之中。过渡金属的很多性质和这个特点有关。Suhl,Matthias和Walker把BCS理论推广到重迭能带的情形,企图给出较为合理的过渡金属超导电理论。在二能带模型的基础上,BCS哈密顿量推广成     

超导磁场穿透深度的拟合简化计算

磁场穿透深度λ与温度T的变化关系一直是超导领域广泛关注的焦点之一,根据BCS理论得到的穿透深度公式虽然与实验符合得相当好,但数学形式比较复杂.本文以BCS理论得出的λ与T的关系曲线为基准,通过计算机拟合的方法,将二流体模型和London极限得出的两条曲线拟合为一条新的曲线,使其数学形式相对简单,同时物理内涵又比较清晰,而且新的曲线与根据BCS理论得到的曲线基本吻合,达到了合理简化λ(T)计算的目的.     

二维态密度Van Hove奇点与氧化物高温超导电性

本文在 BCS 弱耦合框架下讨论了二维 Van Hove 奇点模型的超导电性问题.在诸如超导转变温度(T_c)、同位素效应指数(α)、绝对零度下能隙(△(0))及2△(0)/k_BT_c、T_c 处比热跃变(△c)及△c/γT_c 等几个方面得到了很多有别于传统 BCS 理论的结论,这就深化了我们对于传统 BCS 理论的认识.在统一的参数条件下,我们得到了相应于 La-Sr-Cu-O 的T_c、α、△(0)、2△(0)/k_BT_c、△c、△c/γT_c 等的理论值,理论值与实验值在定性上符合.     

超导能隙的自旋类比求解

超导体中准粒子激发存在能隙是超导的重要特征之一, BCS理论成功地解释了这一特性.虽然BCS理论中对Hamiltonian形式简单,但严格求解相关问题存在困难,通常需作近似处理: 如平均场近似,变分法等.而我们注意到费米对粒子产生与湮灭算符和Pauli自旋升降算符满足相同的代数关系(即sl(2) = {c-k,↓ck,↑,c+k,↑c+-k,↓,nk,↑+n-k,↓-1} = {σ-k, σ+k, σzk}),故假定自旋向上、向下分别代表对态(pair state)的占据和未占据两种状态,从而将BCS对Hamiltonian谱的求解问题对应到自旋直积空间中去研究,尝试求解能隙,得到了有用的结果,并与由BCS理论中能隙方程导出的结果进行了比较.特别,我们讨论了目前实验上量子计算所能达到的量子比特数目的情形,为在目前实验条件下进行量子模拟实验作了理论上的准备.     

Hubbard模型和RVB态中的非对角长程序

RVB 态是否存在非对角长程序是个引人注目的问题。本文利用 Bogoliubov 不等式,证明了对于极强关联下的 Hubbard 模型,无论是二维还是三维都是不存在 BCS 型非对角长程序的.Anderson 的 RVB 态中也不存在 BCS 型非对角长程序,由此,我们对 RVB 平均场理论提出了一些看法。     

CeCu_2Si_2和UBe_(13)的超导理论(Ⅰ) 模型,T_c及序参量

本文从周期性的Anderson晶格模型出发,考虑到局域电子与局域晶格形变的作用,对CeCu_2Si_2和UBe_(13)的重费密子超导现象进行了理论研究。通过计算,得到了合理的超导转变温度T_c;给出了描述同位素效应大小的参数α<1/2,甚至等于零(在BCS理论中α=1/2),说明现在的理论给出的同位素效应比BCS理论小,甚至可以不存在同位素效应,这与重费密子超导的实验相符合;此外还给出了序参量随温度及态密度变化的关系曲线,由此可以自然地得出f电子参加超导的结论。     

CeCu2Si2和UBe13的超导理论(Ⅰ) ——模型,Tc及序参量

本文从周期性的Anderson晶格模型出发,考虑到局域电子与局域晶格形变的作用,对CeCu₂Si₂和UBe₁₃的重费密子超导现象进行了理论研究。通过计算,得到了合理的超导转变温度T_c;给出了描述同位素效应大小的参数α<1/2,甚至等于零(在BCS理论中α=1/2),说明现在的理论给出的同位素效应比BCS理论小,甚至可以不存在同位素效应,这与重费密子超导的实验相符合;此外还给出了序参量随温度及态密度变化的关系曲线,由此可 关键词：     

MgB_2超导体能隙与比热的关系

基于双带模型,通过引入非电子—声子相互作用并利用自洽近似方法在BCS理论框架内讨论了硼化镁超导体的能隙及电子比热。     

在相对论平均场框架下Pr同位素链的基态性质

在相对论平均场框架下研究了Pr同位素链的基态性质.对关联的处理采用了BCS方法,并使用了与同位旋有关的对力常数,对不成对的核子采用了‘阻塞法’,并考虑了核的轴对称形变.计算结果表明,包含非线性介子自相互作用的相对论平均场理论可以在很大的同位旋范围内很好地描述Pr同位素链的结合能、形变、中(质)子密度分布、同位素位移等.理论计算的结果与有限力程小液滴模型的结果符合得很好.特别检验了描述对关联的BCS近似在Pr链的适用范围和适用的程度.     

The ground state and the thermodynamics of an extended BCS model of superconductivity

The thermodynamics of an extended BCS model of superconductivity is investigated. A physical system is described by a Hamiltonian containing the BCS interaction and an attractive four-fermion interaction. The four-fermion potential is caused by attractions between Cooper pairs mediated by the phonon field. The weakness of this potential allows the use of perturbation theory. The perturbation expansion was restricted to the first order because in the ground state the second order terms are not larger than 0.5 percent of first order correction for parameters used for calculations. The BCS Hamiltonian is an unperturbed one. The ground state and the thermal properties are examined. As a result the jump in the specific heat is higher than that in the BCS case. Moreover, the squared critical field is larger than the corresponding one in the BCS theory. Additionally, we show connections with the Bogolyubov's mean field approach used earlier in order to investigate general physical consequences of the model.     

Mass Generation in a Fermionic Model with Finite Range Time Dependent Interactions

Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer in their paper on the theory of superconductivity introduced a model of interacting fermions (BCS model) in which the (instantaneous) interaction is only between electrons of opposite momentum and spin (Cooper pairs). Subsequently it was claimed that in the thermodynamic limit the BCS model is equivalent to the (exactly solvable) quadratic mean field BCS model in which the phenomenon of mass generation is present; a rigorous proof of this equivalence is however still an open problem. In this paper we consider an interacting fermionic model in which the Cooper pairs interact through a finite range time dependent interaction. For this model (quartic in the fermions and not solvable) we are able to prove the generation of mass in the thermodynamic limit and its equivalence with the mean field BCS model. The proof is achieved by a convergent perturbation expansion about mean field theory.     

Pairing mechanisms and anisotropic superconductivity in layered crystals

A brief outline of the generalized BCS pairing theory is presented. The pairing of carriers can be due to the exchange of lattice-phonons or due to the exchange of electronic charge-density and spin-density excitations. It is argued that anisotropic physical properties in the normal as well as superconducting states in the new high-T_c materials are crucual in the development of any realistic theoretical approach, and in comparison of experimental results with correct BCS predictions involving superconductivity in layered crystals. The possibility of the break-down of the mean-field approximation is also discussed. As of now, the generalized BCS pairing approach is the only realistic microscopic theory available which may be applied to high-T_c superconductors.     

Core-excited states of Fe from the Fe(p, t)Fe reaction at 52 MeV

The perturbation theory for projected states is applied to the two-level pairing force model. Both approximate and exact forms of number projection are considered. The results are compared with the exact ones and with ordinary perturbation theory based on BCS wave functions without projection.     

Condensation state of ultra-cold Bose atomic gases with pure gradient interactions with negative coefficient

Within the framework of quantum field theory, we find that uniform Bose atomic gases with pure gradient interactions with negative coefficient can undergo a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) condensation below a critical temperature. In the BCS condensation state, bare atoms with opposite wave vectors are bound into pairs, and unpaired bare atoms are transformed into a new kind of quasi-particle, i.e. the dressed atom. The atom-pair system is a condensate or a superfluid and the dressed-atom system is a normal fluid. At absolute zero temperature the condensate possesses a lowest negative energy. When the total interaction strength of atoms is large enough, the energy of the condensate is a monotonically increasing function of temperature and interaction strength. The critical temperature and the effective mass of dressed atoms are derived analytically. The transition from the BCS condensation state to the normal state is a first-order phase transition.     

Cooper Molecules: Second Pairing of Cooper Pairs in Gapless Superconductor CeCoIn_5

We establish a quantum field theory of phase transitions in gapless superconductor CeCoIn5.It is found that uniform Cooper pair gases with pure gradient interactions with negative coefficient can undergo a BardeenCooper-Schrieffer (BCS) condensation below a critical temperature.In the BCS condensation state,bare Cooper pairs with opposite wave vectors are bound into Cooper molecules,and uncoupled bare Cooper pairs are transformed into a new kind of quasiparticle,i.e.,the dressed particles.The Cooper molecule s.ystem is a condensate or a superfluid,and the dressed particle s.ystem is a normal fluid.The critical temperature is derived anal.yticall.y.The critical temperature of the superconductor CeCoIn5 is obtained to be T_c = 2.289 K,which approaches the experimental data.The transition from the BCS condensation state to the normal state is a first-order phase transition.     

Unusual thermodynamical and transport signatures of the BCS to bose-einstein crossover scenario below T(c)

In this paper we present predictions for thermodynamic and transport properties of a BCS to Bose-Einstein crossover theory, below T(c), which satisfies the reasonable constraints that it yields (i) the Leggett ground state and (ii) BCS theory at weak coupling and all temperatures T. The nature of the strong coupling limit is inferred, along with the behavior of the Knight shift, superfluid density, and specific heat. Comparisons with existing data on short coherence length superconductors, such as organic and high T(c) systems, are presented, which provide some support for the present picture.     

高温超导机制研究状况

以读者较熟悉的传统的ＢＣＳ理论为主，介绍了目前高温超导机制研究进行最多的几个主要流派，指出关于序参量的对称性问题成了争论的焦点问题。若实验上肯定了能隙的对称性，可能会结束各派纷呈的局面。     

Dynamics and effective actions of BCS superconductors

We derive the effective dynamical theory for BCS superconductors, based on the effective action formalism. Both the metallic regime and the superconducting regime are studied in the clean and dirty limit. The full electrodynamics of the problem is formulated in a manifestly gauge-invariant and transparent way. Furthermore, we consider the effect of particle-hole asymmetry in the band structure, and discuss its consequences for vortex dynamics and the topological term in the effective action. The effective action is the starting point for treating (quantum-) dynamical problems involving BCS superconductors. Received 23 November 1998