Absorption of Dy3+ and Nd3+ ions in BaR 2F8 single crystals

The Dy³⁺ absorption and excitation spectra of BaY₂F₈ and BaYb₂F₈ single crystals are investigated in the ultraviolet, vacuum ultraviolet, and visible ranges at a temperature of 300 K. These crystals exhibit intense broad absorption bands due to the spin-allowed 4f-5d transitions in the range (56–78) × 10^?3 cm^?1 and less intense absorption bands that correspond to the spin-forbidden transitions in the range (50–56) × 10^?3 cm^?1. The Nd³⁺ absorption spectra of BaY₂F₈ single crystals are studied in the range (34–82) × 10^?3 cm^?1 at 300 K for different crystal orientations.     

Nd3+ near UV and visible fluorescence in YAP:Nd

The present paper summarizes detailed investigations of Nd³⁺ fluorescence spectra in YAP:Nd laser crystal in the broad spectral range of 370–1100 nm at liquid nitrogen temperature. Especially, Nd³⁺ near UV and visible fluorescence spectra were studied for the first time in this crystal. The Nd³⁺ near UV and visible fluorescence spectra of this crystal consist of many narrow lines (up to 50). The Nd³⁺ near UV and visible fluorescence lines arise mainly from⁴D_3/2 and²P_3/2 Nd³⁺ terms (transitions from⁴D_3/2,²P_3/2 to lower lying Nd³⁺ levels are responsible for their appearance). At room temperature the fluorescence spectra consist of broad bands with narrow lines (mainly⁴D_3/2⁴F_3/2,⁴F_5/2 and²H_9/2 transitions).     

LiF晶体F3+色心的实验研究

本文从实验上系统地研究了在不同条件下电子束辐照LiF晶体所形成的F₃⁺色心的光学特点。并且由荧光光谱分析了F₃⁺心和F₂心,的相对密度关系。实验表明,辐照温度对于色心的形成和密度的相对大小起着关键的作用。主要实验结果包括:1)在液氮温度下辐照,然后在暗处加热至室温可形成高密度的F₃⁺心,表现在发射光谱中F₃⁺心荧光占绝对优势。吸收光谱表明没有N心和R心。2)由动力学荧光谱可以看到低温辐照的样品在F₂⁺心衰变的同时,F₃⁺心密度迅速增加。而室温辐照的样品则是F₂心,与F₃⁺心的密度以近似相等的速率增加。3)详细观察了F₃⁺心530nm荧光激发带与F₂心670nm荧光激发带半宽度的变化和双峰结构。由此对M吸收区的发光特点作了解释。 关键词：     

Lineshift and linewidth in optical spectra of europium salts

The lineshift and the linewidth of the transition⁵ D ₀ →⁷ F ₀ has been measured in EuCl₃ · 6H₂O, Eu(NO₃) · 6H₂O and Eu₂O₃ as a function of temperature between 4.2 and 300 °K. In all cases the lines are shifted to the blue (shorter wavelength) with increasing temperature. A linear relationship is found between the lineshifts and the internal energies of the compounds.—In Eu(C₂H₅SO₄)₃ · 9H₂O the linewidth of several transitions from the⁵ D ₀ state to the crystal field states of the⁷ F _i levels have been measured at 4.2 °K. The linewidths are compared with those expected for a depopulation of the⁷ F _i states by phonons.     

Optical absorption spectra of tripositive erbium ion in certain nitrate complexes

Optical absorption of Er³⁺ ion in Er(NO₃)₃·5H₂O, NH₄NO₃, Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, KNO₃ and NaNO₃ complexes has been studied. The second derivative spectra of these Er³⁺ complexes exhibited splittings in the⁴ I _9/2,⁴ F _9/2,⁴ F _7/2,⁴ F _5/2 and² H _9/2 levels. These splittings have been tentatively explained as due to a cubic crystalline field. The partial derivatives for Er³⁺ ion have been calculated in terms of Racah (E ^k ) parameters. The results of a least squares fit of the energy levels and oscillator strengths of the bands are reported in terms of interaction parameters and Judd-Ofelt parameters. Radiative transition probabilities for various fluorescence levels are theoretically estimated. The lifetime of the⁴ G _11/2 level is found to be lowest in all nitrate complexes.     

Hyperfine structure measurements in the ground states5 F 5,5 F 4,5 F 3 and5F2 of99Ru and101Ru with the atomic beam magnetic resonance method

The hyperfine structure of the four lowest levels⁵ F _{5, 4, 3, 2} of the⁵ F ground state multiplet arising from the configuration 4d ⁷ 5s in⁹⁹Ru and¹⁰¹Ru has been studied by the atomic — beam magnetic — resonance technique. After applying corrections due to the effects of off-diagonal hyperfine mixing we obtain the following multipole interaction constants:⁹⁹Ru:A(⁵ F ₅)=?204.5514(33) MHzB(⁵ F ₅)=27.281 (62) MHzA ⁵ F ₄=?163.6845(36) MHzB(⁵ F ₄)=17.455(52) MHzA ⁵ F ₃=?135.0294(37) MHzB(⁵ F ₃)=10.164(50) MHzA(⁵ F ₂)=? 82.5325(27) MHzB(⁵ F ₂)=5.457(22) MHz¹⁰¹Ru:A(⁵ F ₅)=?229.2881(33) MHzB(⁵ F ₅)=158.934(62) MHzA(⁵ F ₄)=?183.4744(36) MHzB(⁵ F ₄)=101.799(52) MHzA(⁵ F ₃)=?151.3502(38) MHzB(⁵ F ₃)=59.323(50) MHzA(⁵ F ₂)=?92.4974(27) MHzB(⁵ F ₂)=31.869(23) MHz. The magnetic dipole and the electric quadrupole moments of the⁹⁹Ru and¹⁰¹Ru nuclear ground states as calculated from these constants are the following:μ _I (⁹⁹Ru)=?0.594(119) nmQ(⁹⁹Ru)=0.077 (15) barnsμ _I (¹⁰¹Ru)=?0.666(133)nmQ(¹⁰¹Ru)=0.45 (9) barns. From measurements of the Zeeman effect in the even isotope¹⁰²Ru we find the followingg _J -factors for the⁵ F ground multiplet:g _J (⁵ F ₅)=1.397741(20)g _J (⁵ F ₄)=1.347604(20)g _J (⁵ F ₃)=1.248988(20)g _J (⁵ F ₂)=1.001120(3).     

红色LiMBO3 : Re3+(Re=Eu,Sm) 发光材料的特性

采用固相法制备了红色LiM(M=Ca, Sr, Ba)BO₃ : Re³⁺(Re=Eu, Sm)发光材料,研究了材料的发光性能。研究发现LiM(M=Ca, Sr, Ba)BO₃ : Eu³⁺材料呈现多峰发射,最强发射分别位于610,615,613 nm处,分别监测这三个最强峰,所得激发光谱峰值位于369,400,470 nm。LiM(M=Ca, Sr, Ba)BO₃ : Sm³⁺材料也呈多峰发射,分别对应Sm³⁺的⁴G_5/2→⁶H_5/2、⁴G_5/2→⁶H_7/2和⁴G_5/2→⁶H_9/2跃迁发射;分别监测602,599,597 nm三个最强发射峰,所得激发光谱峰值位于374,405 nm。研究了激活剂浓度对材料发射强度的影响,结果随激活剂浓度的增大,发射强度先增强后减弱,即,存在浓度猝灭效应。实验表明,加入电荷补偿剂Li⁺、Na⁺或K⁺均可提高LiM(M=Ca, Sr, Ba)BO₃ : Re³⁺(Re=Eu, Sm)材料的发射强度。     

Temperature and concentration dependence of spectroscopic properties of Nd-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal

The optical absorption spectra of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystals doped with Nd³⁺ ions with different concentrations (0.6 at%, 1.0 at%, 1.2 at%) at the temperature range from 300 K to 500 K have been measured. The calculated Judd–Ofelt (JO) parameters Ω_t (t=2, 4, 6) based on the spectra have been used to predict the radiative transition probabilities, branching ratios and radiative lifetimes of the transitions from ⁴F_3/2 level to the lower levels (⁴I_13/2, ⁴I_11/2, ⁴I_9/2) at each concentration and temperature. The three JO parameters Ω_t (t=2, 4, 6), according to the calculation, decrease with the increasing doped concentration at each temperature. The JO parameters Ω₂ and Ω₄ increase, while the parameter Ω₆ decreases with the increasing temperature at each concentration. The branching ratios and radiative transition probabilities of the transitions from the ⁴F_3/2 level to ⁴I_13/2 and ⁴I_11/2 levels decrease, while the transition from the ⁴F_3/2 level to ⁴I_9/2 level increases with the increasing temperature. The obtained results at each concentration and temperature are discussed.     

Photoluminescence in YbGa2Se4 and YbGa2Se4:Nd3+ single crystals

The excitation and photoluminescence spectra of YbGa₂Se₄ and YbGa₂Se₄:Nd³⁺ single crystals recorded at different temperatures and neodymium concentrations have been investigated. The photoluminescence spectrum exhibits intracenter luminescence lines of the Nd³⁺ ion in wavelength ranges of 0.804?C0.84, 0.88?C0.92, 0.96?C0.996, and 1.06?C1.12 ??m against a broadband emission background. These ranges are related, respectively, to the ⁴ F _5/2-⁴ I _9/2, ⁴ F _3/2-⁴ I _9/2, ⁴ F _5/2-⁴ I _11/2, and ⁴ F _3/2-⁴ I _11/2 transitions.     

Specific features of magneto-optical spectra of Tb<Subscript>3</Subscript>Ga<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript>

The spectra of magnetic circular dichroism in the range of the ⁷ F ₆→⁵ D ₄ absorption band and the spectra of magnetic circular polarization of luminescence in the range of the ⁵ D ₄→⁷ F ₅ band in the terbium-gallium garnet Tb₃Ga₅O₁₂ are studied at a temperature of 80 K. The optical transitions between the Stark sublevels of the ⁷ F ₆, ⁷ F ₅, and ⁵ D ₄ multiplets are identified based on the analysis of the magneto-optical and optical spectra. It is shown that the experimentally determined symmetry and energy of the Stark sublevels of these multiplets confirm the results of numerical calculations of the energy spectrum of the Tb³⁺ rare-earth ion in terbium-gallium garnet.     

Physical, structural, and luminescence studies of Nd3+ doped MgO-ZnO borate glass

A series of borate glass of the system xNd₂O₃-5MgO-20ZnO-(75 ? x)B₂O₃, where x = 0.5, 1.0,1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 was successfully fabricated using melt quench method. The properties of the glass were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), absorption and luminescence spectra. The upconversion properties of Nd³⁺ doped borate glass were observed by using 574 nm excitation wavelength corresponding to ⁴ I _15/2 → ² H _114/2 transition. The emission bands centered at 460, 500 and 620 nm which corresponding to the Nd³⁺ transitions, ⁴ F _7/2 → ⁴ I _15/2, ² H _11/2 → ⁴ I _15/2, and ⁴ F _9/2 → ⁴ I _15/2 respectively were observed at room temperature. The presence of Nd³⁺ in borate based glass could intensify the upconversion luminescence spectra as it can potentially be used as host materials for upconversion lasers.     

A reddish orange-emitting stoichiometric phosphor K3Eu(PO4)2 for white light-emitting diodes

A series of Eu³⁺ activated K₃Y_1?xEu_x(PO₄)₂ phosphors were synthesized by the solid-state reaction method. The structures and photoluminescent properties of these phosphors were investigated at room temperature. The results of XRD patterns indicate that these phosphors are isotypic to the monoclinic K₃Y(PO₄)₂ or K₃Eu(PO₄)₂. The excitation spectra indicate that these phosphors can be effectively excited by near UV (370–410 nm) light. The orange emission from transition ⁵D₀–⁷F₁ is dominant, and the peak value ratio of ⁵D₀–⁷F₁/⁵D₀–⁷F₂ is 1.44. The emission spectra exhibit strong reddish orange performance (CIE chromaticity coordinates: x=0.63, y=0.36), which is due to the ⁵D₀–⁷F_J transitions of Eu³⁺ ions. The relationship between the structure and the photoluminescent properties of the phosphors was studied. The absence of concentration quenching of Eu³⁺ was observed in K₃Y_1?xEu_x(PO₄)₂. K₃Eu(PO₄)₂ has potential application as a phosphor for white light-emitting diodes.     

Non-equilibrium population and slow relaxation of Fe2+ in57Co:LiNbO3 and57Co:LiTaO3 single crystals

The Fe²⁺ fraction observed in the Mössbauer emission spectra of⁵⁷Co:LiNbO₃ and⁵⁷Co:LiTaO₃ exhibits both slow electronic relaxation and nonthermal populations of them _s sublevels of the⁵A_lg orbital singlet ground state at low temperatures (T<15 K) in high magnetic fields. The relaxation rates depend on temperature and on the angle ? between the magnetic field and the crystallographicc-axis.     

Emission spectra and cross-section spectra of neodymium laser glasses

Amplified spontaneous emission spectra and light amplification spectra of some Nd³⁺:glass rods (silicate glass Schott LG680, phosphate glasses Schott LG760 and Hoya LHG5) are measured by pulsed flashlamp excitation. The spontaneous emission distribution, the stimulated emission cross-section spectra and the excited state absorption cross-section spectra are extracted. Excited state absorption prevents laser action around 1320 nm for the⁴F_3/2-⁴L_13/2 transition of Nd³⁺ in the investigated glasses.     

Er3+，Tm3+共掺的NaY(WO4)2晶体的光谱分析和上转换发光

在室温下，测量了Er:Tm:NaY(WO₄)₂晶体的吸收光谱、激发光谱、发射光谱以及上转换发光，并运用J-O理论对测量的结果进行了计算，得出了Er:Tm:NaY(WO₄)₂晶体的强度参数.报道了Tm，Er离子间特殊的能量传递和相关上转换，解释了离子间的能级跃迁过程.同时，对于Er增强Tm离子近红外发光的特性也作了充分研究. 关键词： 4)₂晶体')" href="#">Er:Tm:NaY(WO₄)₂晶体 吸收光谱 发射光谱 激发光谱 上转换     

Atomic beam magnetic resonance investigations in the3 F 2 Ground State of177Hf,179Hf and180Hf

The 5d ²6s ^{2 3} F ₂ ground state of¹⁷⁷Hf,¹⁷⁹Hf and¹⁸⁰Hf has been studied using the atomic beam magnetic resonance method. The atomic beam was produced by an universal evaporation technique described in a previous paper. The results are¹⁸⁰Hfg _j (³ F ₂)=0.695812 (10)¹⁷⁷Hf Δv(³ F ₂;F=11/2?F=9/2)=991.7917 (10) MHz Δv(³ F ₂;F=9/2?F=7/2)=477.0081 (10) MHz Δv(³ F ₂;F=7/2?F=5/2)=162.8890 (10) MHz¹⁷⁹HfΔv(³ F ₂;F=13/2?F=11/2)=82.1320 (10) MHz Δv(³ F ₂;F=11/2?F=9/2)=392.8498 (10) MHz. The magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments of the¹⁷⁷Hf and¹⁷⁹Hf nuclear ground states as calculated from these hyperfine structure measurements are the following: μ(177)=0.75(8)μ _k , Q(177)=4.34 (65) barns μ(179)=?0.61 (6)μ _k , Q(179)=4.90 (75) barns.     

Photothermally Induced Bistability of Emission of Yb-doped Ca4NdO(BO3)3 Single Crystals

We report on studies of changes in the emission spectra (excited at 808 nm) of the Yb-doped Ca₄NdO(BO₃)₃ single crystals due to the photothermal effects caused by the pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Increase of the sample's surface temperature after laser treatment leads to significant enhancement of the 1040 to 1060 nm emission (ascribed to the Nd^{3+ 4}F_3/2 → ⁴I_9/2, ⁴I_11/2 transitions) and simultaneous decrease of the 975 to 1050 nm emission (corresponding to the Yb^{3+ 2}F_5/2 → ²F_7/2 transition). We explain such an increase of the Nd³⁺ luminescence by thermally activated Yb³⁺ → Nd³⁺ energy transfer.     

A study of energy transfer phenomenon leading to photon up-conversion in Ho3+:Yb3+:CaF2 crystalline powders and its temperature sensing properties

When Ho³⁺:Yb³⁺:CaF₂ crystalline powders prepared by combustion synthesis were exposed to near-infrared (λ ～ 975 nm) radiation, intense photon up-conversion (UC) was observed at the visible with emission bands peaked at ～ 545, ～650 and ～750 nm identified as 4f-4f transitions from higher levels (⁵F₄, ⁵S₂) and ⁵F₅ to lower levels ⁵I₈ and ⁵I₇ of Ho³⁺. The emission bands at the green and red, in particular, have been demonstrated to be useful for temperature sensing based on luminescence intensity ratio technique. However, no model is available in literature to explain the change of the electronic populations of states (⁵F₄, ⁵S₂) and ⁵F₅ with temperature. The UC phenomenon was studied from both theoretical and experimental points of view. A rate equation model with temperature dependent parameters for Ho³⁺ and Yb³⁺ electronic populations considering a high sensitization of Ho³⁺ ions by Yb³⁺ ions was used. High Yb³⁺ → Ho³⁺ energy transfer efficiency was found (～88% at room temperature). The change with temperature predicted by the model for the luminescence intensity ratio of the UC green and red emission lines agrees well with the experimental data.     

High-spin levels in137,139Ce and139,141Nd evidence for hole-core coupling

Excited states of the¹³⁷Ce,¹³⁹Ce,¹³⁹Nd and¹⁴¹Nd nuclei have been studied using the¹³⁸Ba(α, 5nγ)¹³⁷Ce,¹³⁸Ba(³He, 4nγ)¹³⁷Ce,¹³⁸Ba(α, 3nγ)¹³⁹Ce,¹⁴⁰Ce(α, 5nγ)¹³⁹Nd,¹⁴⁰Ce(³He,4nγ)¹³⁹Nd,¹⁴⁰Ce(α, 3nγ)¹⁴¹Nd and¹⁴²Ce(α, 5nγ)¹⁴¹Nd reactions. Singlesγ-ray spectra,γ —γ coincidence spectra, angular distributions and time distributions ofγ-rays with respect to beam pulses have been measured. Gamma transitions between excited states with spin values up to 21/2, 23/2 or 25/2 have been observed. Isomeric states with T_1/2=70 ns have been observed in¹³⁹Ce at 2631.5 keV (19/2) and in¹⁴¹Nd probably at 2952.0 keV (19/2). The level structure observed in the nuclei studied can be explained if the neutron-holes are coupled to the doubly even core excitations. The coupling of theh _11/2 neutron-hole with the 2⁺, 4⁺ and 3^? collective excitations are calculated in terms of the weak and intermediate coupling models. The intermediate coupling results seem to be in better agreement with the experimental data. The energies of theree-particle states, being the result of the coupling of theh _11/2 neutron-hole with the two-proton excitations in the core, are well reproduced in the calculations when empirical values of the two-body interaction matrix elements were used.     

White upconversion emission and color tunability of Y2O3:R(R=Yb3+, Er3+, Tm3+) nanophosphors

The Y₂O₃:R(R = Yb³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³⁺) nanophosphors were synthesized by a solvothermal method and the temperature dependence of the white upconversion emission was studied using a 975 nm LD. The upconversion emission spectra in 1 mol% Er³⁺/5 mol% Yb³⁺/xTm³⁺ tri-doped Y₂O₃ nanophosphors were sintered at 1000 ^°C with x from 0 to 0.5 mol%. The blue emission intensity increases increasing Tm³⁺ concentration from 0 to 0.5 mol%, because the Tm³⁺ state can be easily reached due to the ²F_7/2 → ²F_5/2 transition of Yb³⁺ near 10,000 cm⁻¹. The Y₂O₃: Er³⁺/Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺ nanophosphors exhibit upconversion emission from white to green with increasing sintering temperature. The calculated CIE coordinates are located in the white region at a pump power of 700 mW at 1000 °C, and the color coordinates were very similar to the standard white light emission. Their upconversion process was described through energy level diagrams and results of upconversion emission spectra and pump power dependence.