Molecular enhanced four-wave parametric generation in sodium atom

A number of resonances have been observed in the excitation spectrum of the uv resonance lines of sodium. The mechanism proposed includes absorption by molecular states, energy transfer to excited atomic levels and four-wave parametric generation enhanced by radiative decay of the excited states.     

Nonlinear optical properties of urea

We report measurements on the second and third order nonlinear hyperpolarizabilities of the urea molecule using the techniques of dc field induced second-harmonic generation and four-wave mixing. Single crystals of urea have been grown and found to have high optical damage thresholds from the near ir to the uv region of the spectrum.     

Invariants of the length spectrum and spectral invariants of planar convex domains

This paper is concerned with a conjecture of Guillemin and Melrose that the length spectrum of a strictly convex bounded domain together with the spectra of the linear Poincaré maps corresponding to the periodic broken geodesics in determine uniquely the billiard ball map up to a symplectic conjugation. We consider continuous deformations of bounded domains _s ,s[0, 1], with smooth boundaries and suppose that ₀ is strictly convex and that the length spectrum does not change along the deformation. We prove that ₀ is strictly convex for anys along the deformation and that for different values of the parameters the corresponding billiard ball maps are symplectically equivalent to each other on the union of the invariant KAM circles. We prove as well that the KAM circles and the restriction of the billiard ball map on them are spectral invariants of the Laplacian with Dirichlet (Neumann) boundary conditions for suitable deformations of strictly convex domains.Supported by Alexander von Humboldt foundation     

Enhancement of activated decay of metastable states by resonant pumping

We consider the effect of a high-frequency pumping cost on the escape rate of a classical underdamped Brownian particle out of a deep potential well. The energy dependence of the oscillation frequency(E) is assumed to be weak on the scale of thermal energy,_E(0)T(0)T/V₀ (0)[_E(0) is the derivative of(E) atE= 0,V ₀ is the barrier height,V ₀ T]. The quadratic-in- contribution to the decay rate is calculated in two different regimes: (1) for the case of resonance of the pumping frequency with the nth harmonic of the internal motion at an energye, when = n(e); (2) for a rollout region of the basic resonance near the bottom of the potential well, when ¦-(0)¦ and is the damping coefficient. In the latter case the absorption spectrum and the enhancement of the decay rate are calculated as functions of two reduced parameters, the anharmonicity of the potential,v _E (0)T/, and the resonance mismatch, [ —(0)]/. It is shown that the effect of the pumping increases with diminishing ¦v¦ and at small v is proportional tov ^–1. In this regime, the dependence on is stepwise: the pumping contribution is large for v > 0 and small for v < 0. In the frame of our theory, the decay rate is invariant against the simultaneous alternation of the signs of andv. The spectrum of the energy absorption has the standard Lorentzian shape in the absence of anharmonicity,v=0, and with increasing of ¦v¦ shifts and widens retaining its bell-shape form.     

Reanalysis of the D → X fluorescence spectrum of I2

The uv fluorescence spectrum of I₂ excited by iodine atomic radiation at 1830 Å is photographed and analyzed using a direct least-squares-fitting method with consistency constraints on the centrifugal distortion constants. The analysis confirms Verma's [J. Chem. Phys.32, 738–749 (1960)] prior analysis of this spectrum and yields improved molecular constants for v = 0–99 of the X state and $\text{v ? 204–208}$ of the D state.     

Additional symmetries for integrable equations and conformal algebra representation

We present a regular procedure for constructing an infinite set of additional (spacetime variables explicitly dependent) symmetries of integrable nonlinear evolution equations (INEEs). In our method, additional symmetry equations arise together with their L-A pairs, so that they are integrable themselves. This procedure is based on a modified dressing method. For INEEs in 1+1 dimensions, some appropriate symmetry equations are shown to form the vector fields on a circle S ¹ algebra representation. In contrast to the so-called isospectral deformations, these symmetries result from conformal transformations of the associated linear problem spectrum. For INEEs in 2+1 dimensions, the commutation relations for symmetry equations are shown to coincide with operators , with integer m, p. Some additional results about Kac-Moody algebra applications are presented.     

Algebraic structure of the amplitude of elastic scattering by a two-dimensional crystal

The coherent scattering of spin-S particles by a monatomic crystal film is considered, with rescattering taken into account. A relation between the amplitudes q_j of different diffraction orders and the dielectric tensor () of the two-dimensional crystal is found. The relation can be used to obtain () for an arbitrary frequency (including resonant frequencies) in terms of elastic scattering data. The possibility of bound states of the particles in the monatomic film is demonstrated.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 4, pp. 30–34, April, 1987.The author thanks V. L. Vinetskii for interest in the work and for useful discussions.     

Some Properties of a Novel Far UV Xenon Excimer Barrier Discharge Light Source

Electrical and optical properties of dielectric barrier Xenon discharge lamps, selectively emitting Xe/172 nm vuv radiation from a multitude of transient discharge filaments have been investigated. The lamps used were uncooled and of the flat panel type with two dielectric quartz barriers and external metal electrodes. Such lamps can be considered as small scale models of much larger flat panel uv lamps. UV emission scales almost linearly with operating frequency below 10 kHz. Both uv emission and uv efficiency rise with increasing gap spacing. The specific 172 nm emission is in the range of 100 mW/cm² for frequencies close to 100 kHz (no lamp cooling). External efficiency at high specific uv emission is close to 10%. Higher external efficiencies up to 20% are possible at lower frequencies of a few kHz, but at reduced specific uv flux.     

A generalized formula to determine the relaxation time distribution in dielectrics

The distribution of relaxation times is derived for dielectrics with constants featuring general functions in the - plane. A simple algorithm to determine the distribution parameters is also suggested. The algebraic method adopted enables translation of the algorithm into software to facilitate an efficient processing of data. The new distribution developed here could have an effective use in studies of dispersion in dielectrics and interfaces.     

Single Ultrashort Attosecond Pulse Generation via Combination of Chirped Fundamental Laser and an Ultraviolet Controlling Pulse

We theoretically study the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from a hydrogen atom in an intense few-cycle chirped fundamental laser in combination with an ultraviolet (uv) controlling pulse.The high-order harmonic spectrum is calculated by solving the time-dependent Schr¨odinger equation using the split-operator method.In our calculation,we present the difference of the high-order harmonic spectrum from one-dimensional (1D) model hydrogen atom and three-dimensional (3D) real hydrogen atom.We found that the plateau of the high-order harmonic generation from the 1D case and 3D case are all extended effectively to I p + 35U p due to the presence of the chirped laser pulse and the HHG supercontinuum spectrum is generated by adding an ultraviolet controlling pulse at a proper time,but the efficiency of the HHG for 3D case is more higher at the near cut-off region than the 1D case.Therefore,the generation of the attosecond pulse by synthesizing the harmonics near cut-off region have some slight differences between 1D and 3D simulations.As a real 3D case study,we show that an isolated 18 as pulse with a bandwidth of 232.5 eV is generated directly by optmizing the combination laser fields.     

Multiatom interactions,order and stability in binary transition metal alloys

Interface delocalization or depinning transitions such as wetting or surface induced disorder are considered. At these transitions, the correlation length for transverse correlations parallel to the surface diverges. These correlations are studied in the framework of Landau theory. It is shown the t^–1/2 at all types of transitions for systems with short-range forces wheret measures the distance from bulk coexistence.     

Construction and Borel summability of infrared Φ 4 4 by a phase space expansion

We construct the thermodynamic limit of the critical (massless) ⁴ model in 4 dimensions with an ultraviolet cutoff by means of a partly renormalized phase space expansion. This expansion requires in a natural way the introduction of effective or running constants, and the infrared asymptotic freedom of the model, i.e. the decay of the running coupling constant, plays a crucial rôle. We prove also that the correlation functions of the model are the Borel sums of their perturbation expansion.     

Comparison of pulsed and continuous operation of the Cu II laser

The peak output power of Cu II laser emission in the uv at 260 nm and in the ir at 780 nm was measured for different operating conditions in the pulsed and the cw mode. In contrast to the ir laser output the laser power in the uv is higher in the cw mode than in the quasi cw mode. This property depends on contaminations of the discharge gas.     

A frequency doubled dye laser with a servo-tuned crystal

Spectral tuning of the uv output of a frequency doubled dye laser has been successfully controlled by a servo motor system which tilts the nonlinear crystal appropriate for phase-matched second harmonic generation while the dye laser emission wavelength is tuned. The spatial direction of the generated uv beam is used as the regulating signal. The feasibility of this technique for spectroscopic applications has been successfully tested.     

Invariance principle for a solid-on-solid interface model

A stochastic process describing the behavior of the solid-on-solid interface in a strip of widthL is studied. The invariant and reversible measure for the process is the Gibbs state with HamiltonianH|(x)–(x+1)|. Under free boundary conditions, we show that the height of the moving interface at any site converges, when suitable renormalized, to Brownian motion with a diffusion coefficient proportional toL ^–1.     

Tunable,narrow bandwidth, 2 MW dye laser pumped by a KrF1 discharge laser

Characteristics of p-terphenyl and PBD, the most efficient uv dyes, have been investigated under high intensity pumping by a multi-atmosphere KrF¹ discharge laser at 248 nm wavelength. Energy conversion efficiencies, spectral features and temporal behaviour of the dyes were studied parametrically. A maximum powerof 2 MW uv emission with a bandwidth of ～2×10^-2 nm was obtained for PBD. It was found that a mixture of both dyes provided higher (by a factor of 1.3) output in the range 348–366 nm than either of the dyes alone. Significant pump intensity dependent conversion efficiency and pulse shape variations were observed for the most efficient uv dye, p-terphenyl and were related to triplet-triplet adsorption processes in the dye.     

Temperature effects in proton exchanged LiNbO<Subscript>3</Subscript> waveguides

Temperature effects on single, homogeneous phases of proton exchanged LiNbO₃ waveguides have been studied. The refractive index of -phase guides on z-cut and x-cut congruent substrates monotonically increases with temperature, the thermo-optical coefficient being similar to that of the substrate. In ₂-phases on z-cut congruent substrates and in ₁-phases on z-cut and x-cut congruent and quasi-stoichiometric substrates, the thermo-optical coefficient is smaller than that of the substrate below 60 °C and higher above this temperature. A rather similar effect has been observed in ₁-phases on z-cut and x-cut congruent substrates in the linear expansion coefficient. The microscopic origin of the phase transition is not known for the moment. PACS Provide PACS codes please.     

Angle-tuned second-harmonic generation in LiIO3 with low losses due to index matching

A new technique to reduce the losses of angle-tuned frequency doubling is described. Single-mode dye-laser radiation is injected in an external cavity containing a 7 mm LiIO₃ crystal, which is placed in a cuvette with index matching fluid. In this way, more than 5mW usable uv power was achieved over a spectral range of more than 10 nm in uv.     

Cauchy's dispersion equation reconsidered: Dispersion in silicate glasses

We formulate a novel method of characterizing optically transparent substances using dispersion theory. The refractive index is given by a generalized Cauchy dispersion equation with coefficients that are moments of the uv and ir absorptions. Mean dispersion, Abbé number, and partial dispersion are combinations of these moments. The empirical relation between index and dispersion for families of glasses appears as a consequence of Beer's law applied to the uv spectra.     

Tunable,continuous-wave,ultra-violet radiation around 300 nm by frequency-doubling a rhodamine 6G dye laser

By frequency doubling a cw Rhodamine 6G dye laser using an ADP crystal placed in the laser cavity, in excess of 30 mW of cw uv radiation has been generated. The radiation is tunable over the range 285–315 nm. The ADP crystal is cut with Brewster angle ends, and is located at the focus of cavity compensated for coma and astigmatism. Conversion efficiency is shown to be limited by the onset of thermally induced phase mismatching. Peak uv power can be increased to 85 mW by chopping the radiation from the pumping laser.