Ca/Zn-纳米羧甲基壳聚糖的光谱分析

以壳聚糖为原料,经羧甲基化、纳米化与Ca~(2+)、Zn~(2+)复合制备出纳米羧甲基壳聚糖含钙、锌复合物,采用红外光谱、X射线衍射光谱、扫描电镜等光学手段对样品进行结构表征,考察了复合物的凝血、止血性能。结果表明:纳米羧甲基壳聚糖结构中含有磷酸盐结构,Ca/Zn-纳米羧甲基壳聚糖结构中含有Ca~(2+)与Zn~(2+),Ca~(2+)和Zn~(2+)与纳米羧甲基壳聚糖成功复合;复合物的结晶性下降、溶解性提高、形貌均匀圆整,且凝血、止血时间明显缩短;Ca-纳米羧甲基壳聚糖比Zn-纳米羧甲基壳聚糖结构更稳定,凝血、止血效果更好。     

靶向分子羧甲基多糖与DNA作用机理研究

以溴化乙锭(EB)为荧光探针, 结合紫外光谱法研究了壳聚糖、羧甲基壳聚糖、羧甲基纤维素与DNA的相互作用, 药物分子与DNA作用程度可用作用常数D来表示, 实验表明: 几种生物多糖与DNA分子的作用强弱顺序为: 壳聚糖＞羧甲基壳聚糖＞羧甲基纤维素;多糖主要以嵌插方式与DNA作用, 使EB-DNA荧光猝灭.     

羧甲基壳聚糖与铕、铽配合物的合成和配位机理研究

用羧甲基壳聚糖分别与硝酸铕和硝酸铽反应,制备了羧甲基壳聚糖-铕和羧甲基壳聚糖-铽稀土配合物。用红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析测试手段对配合物进行表征。对配合物配位机理进行了初步的研究,配合物中羧甲基壳聚糖中不仅羧基参与了配位,氨基上的N原子和羟基氧原子也参与了配位。     

叶酸-O-羧甲基壳聚糖的制备与光谱分析

壳聚糖经羧甲基化制备出的O-羧甲基壳聚糖,采用离子交联法与叶酸复合制备出叶酸-O-羧甲基壳聚糖复合物。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射光谱、扫描电镜等测试手段进行表征,探讨了叶酸、O-羧甲基壳聚糖的质量比对复合物结构及性能的影响,利用断尾取血法探究复合物的凝血、止血性能。结果显示,叶酸-O-羧甲基壳聚糖凝血、止血效果显著。当叶酸与O-羧甲基壳聚糖的质量比为2∶5时,二者基团的作用力最强,复合物结构最稳定,凝血、止血效果最好。     

羧甲基壳聚糖的合成和光谱研究

本文以壳聚糖为原料制备了 N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖 ,以 IR、1 H NMR及 1 3C NMR进行了结构表征。结果表明 ,取代度大小顺序为 :OH- 6 >OH- 3>- NH2 ,此样品对重金属离子具有较强吸附性     

CSC-P(AM-AA)重金属捕集絮凝剂的光谱表征及其对重金属去除研究

采用光聚合技术成功制备了羧甲基壳聚糖(CSC)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)的三元接枝共聚物，即壳聚糖基重金属捕集絮凝剂CSC-P(AM-AA)。为了证明接枝共聚产物的成功制备和表征其结构特征，采用红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、差热-热重分析(TG-DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)对其进行表征，结果表明成功制备出羧甲基壳聚糖的接枝共聚物CSC-P(AM-AA)，且具有较好的溶解性；由于羧甲基壳聚糖的接枝改性使得CSC-P(AM-AA)具有与P(AM-AA)显著不同的结构特征。同时絮凝实验证明其具有较好的重金属螯合捕集效果，在pH为8、投加量为8 mg·L-1、转速为150 r·min-1时，CSC-P(AM-AA)对Cu2+的最佳去除率为87.0%。     

羧甲基壳聚糖对Eu^3＋离子吸附性能的研究

以壳聚糖为原料,在碱性条件下合成了羧甲基壳聚糖,考察了其对稀土离子Eu3 的吸附性能.讨论了时间,溶液的酸度、初始离子浓度、羧甲基取代度及离子强度对吸附性能的影响.发现羧甲基壳聚糖对Eu3 有较强的吸附性,吸附性满足Langmir等温式.     

改性羧甲基壳聚糖复合材料的制备、表征与研究

为了提高壳聚糖的水溶性及其止血方面的性能，将壳聚糖（CS）进行羧甲基化改性，并引入具有抗菌作用的Ag⁺和TiO₂，制备出羧甲基壳聚糖复合止血材料。首先，在壳聚糖中引入羧甲基，制得羧甲基壳聚糖（CMCS），之后向其中引入Ag⁺和TiO₂，分别制备出Ag⁺-CMCS、TiO₂-CMCS和Ag⁺-TiO₂-CMCS复合材料。然后，采用FTIR、XRD、SEM等手段对复合材料的结构进行表征。最后，对复合物的凝血、止血性能进行了测试。实验结果表明：改性后的羧甲基壳聚糖的IR图谱在3 423 cm^-1和1 380 cm^-1处出现了羧甲基壳聚糖钠盐的特征吸收峰。改性后的羧甲基壳聚糖在XRD图谱中表现出了金属晶态。CMCS的粒径为14.8 nm左右，Ag⁺粒径为143.5 nm左右，纳米TiO₂的粒径为267.2 nm左右，且三者分散的很均匀。Ag⁺-TiO₂-CMCS的凝血、止血效果要优于Ag⁺-CMCS和TiO₂-CMCS，同时Ag⁺-CMCS和TiO₂-CMCS的凝血、止血效果要优于CMCS。     

分光光度法研究插层膨润土对有机染料的脱色性能

以钠基膨润土为原料制备o-羧甲基壳聚糖插层膨润土,通过XRD、IR及SEM表征插层膨润土的表面性质及组织构造;用分光光度法分析插层膨润土对有机染料的脱色性能;同时探讨表面活性剂和o-羧甲基壳聚糖加料顺序、配比对脱色性能的影响。结果表明:当表面活性剂和o-羧甲基壳聚糖为2:1时,先加入表面活性剂反应一定时间再加入羧甲基壳聚糖所得的插层膨润土对亚甲基蓝和酸性蓝脱色性能最优,脱色率可达98.5%。     

O-羧甲基壳聚糖的制备及波谱分析

壳聚糖与氯乙酸在氢氧化钾-异丙醇介质中作用,制备O-羧甲基壳聚糖.研究了反应温度、壳聚糖与氯乙酸质量比、氢氧化钾与氯乙酸质量比对反应产物结构的影响.壳聚糖与氯乙酸、氢氧化钾与氯乙酸的质量比分别在2:1及2.3:1时,室温下反应5h可得到较高取代度的O-羧甲基壳聚糖.采用红外光谱扫描法及X光电子能谱分析法对产物结构进行了表征.     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.