高压下Gd3Ga5O12晶体的弹性性能

 利用超声“脉冲回波重合法”技术,测定了立方晶体镱镓石榴石（GGG）各对称方向的超声波声速,及它们在流体静压力和单轴应力条件下,随压力的变化,计算了GGG的二阶和三阶弹性常数。它们分别是：c₁₁=3.04,c₁₂=1.31,c₄₄=0.94和c₁₁₁=-17.97,c₁₁₂=-12.86,c₁₂₃=-1.06,c₁₄₄=-2.11,c₁₆₆=-3.29,c₄₅₆=-0.94,单位是10¹¹ N/m²。根据这些数据,我们还计算了GGG晶体的德拜温度以及沿它的[001]→[111]→[110]→[100]传播的三个声学波分支（一个纵波,两个横波）的Gruneisen参数γ(p,N)的分布。     

超声相比较方法在固体弹性性能研究中的应用

 本文用超声相比较方法测量了几种不同类型材料（半导体GaAs晶体、含有Si₃N₄晶须结构的复合材料、过渡金属氧化物CoO以及高温超导体AgYBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ）的声速及后两种样品声速随压力、温度的变化，得到一些用超声脉冲回波重合法不易测定的结果。用相比较法测定声速具有测量频率范围宽、精度高、测量简便等特点，它能测量1 mm左右厚度的薄样品以及声衰减较大的样品，是研究这些材料弹性性能的有效方法。     

Bi12GeO20晶体的位错蚀斑与对称群

用化学浸蚀法系统的研究了Bi₁₂GeO₂₀晶体{100},{100},{111}等晶面独特浸蚀斑规律并用对称群理论进行分析.理论预示的蚀斑形态与实验结果符合很好.显示位错蚀斑是由{112}晶面组成,即晶体的惯态面为{112}.     

Ba3Bi3Ti4NbO18的压致结构相变

 利用Mao-Bell型金刚石对顶砧装置（DAC）,使用4∶1的甲醇-乙醇混合液作传压介质,研究了层状铁电固溶体Ba₃Bi₃Ti₄NbO₁₈的在位高压拉曼光谱和压致结构相变（0~8.87 GPa）。观测到了Ba₃Bi₃Ti₄NbO₁₈的一个典型的压致结构相变。发现了赝钙钛矿结构A₄B₅O₁₆的A位和B位联合置换对Ba₃Bi₃Ti₄NbO₁₈的拉曼振动模式及压致相变点的调制作用。并使用内模方法对Ba₃Bi₃Ti₄NbO₁₈的内模进行了指认。通过对加压下的拉曼光谱的分析,得到了压力作用下样品中BO₆八面体的结构畸变的演化方向。     

高温超导体低温、高压下的物理性质的研究

 在3~20 GPa压力范围内，测量了含氧量较低的YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ（δ=0.46）单晶压力增强效应（dT_c/dp=4.9KGPa^-1）；YBa₂Cu₃O₇（T_c0=90 K）单晶在压力下临界电流密度随压力变化；外磁场H=30 kO_e时，T_c与磁场、压力关系；压力达16.5 GPa下，Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_x单晶T_c(p)关系（dT_c/dp=-0.4 KGPa^-1）。发现Y系高温超导体的温度压力导数dT_c/dp与T_c0中间呈dT_c/dp=b-mT_c0线性关系（b、m为常数）。结合压力下Y系超导体结构相变和含氧量对T_c影响，分析这类超导体T_c有很强的正压力效应的原因。把实验结果同几种超导电性微观理论模型进行了分析和比较。     

高压下材料弹性声速的一种经验表达式

 将铝、铁、铜等七种材料弹性声速的实测数据进行分析处理发现，其弹性声速随压力的变化均可以用一下关系：ln c=A₀+A₁ln p+A₂ln²p，很好的拟合。拟合结果与实测值的相对误差小于5%。     

Fe40Ni40P12B8非晶合金的冲击晶化实验研究

 本文研究了Fe₄₀Ni₄₀P₁₂B₈非晶合金冲击波加载下的晶化行为，冲击波由二级轻气炮发射的告诉弹丸撞击靶产生。实验结果表明：Fe₄₀Ni₄₀P₁₂B₈非晶合金在冲击波加载下，晶化可在加载时间（微秒量级）内发生；晶化的阈值压力在30~50 GPa之间，相应的冲击温度约为510~800 K，晶化析出相与冲击压力有关，低压下析出相是面心立方γ-(Fe, Ni)固溶体和Fe₃(P_0.37B_0.63)化合物，高压下（大于60 GPa）析出相除了面心立方γ-(Fe, Ni)固溶体和Fe₃(P_0.37B_0.63)化合物之外，还包括(Fe, Ni)₃P化合物。     

MgCNi3超导体在静水压下的弹性性质

 在0.1 MPa到0.5 GPa压力范围内，采用脉冲回波重合法（Pulse-Echo Overlap Method）测量了MgCNi₃超导体的横波及纵波声速，计算了体弹模量B、剪切模量G等弹性参数以及德拜温度、比热等热力学参数随压力的变化。常压下的θ_D与c_V的值分别为454.82 K和111.30 J/(mol·K)。对B-p曲线作线性拟合，得到体弹模量B₀在零压附近的导数B′₀，由此建立了MgCNi₃的状态方程。     

铜的高压声速和冲击熔化

 用光分析技术，测量了在一维应变冲击条件下，无氧铜的高压下声速，压力范围为125~170 GPa。将上述结果与Broberg、Morris等和Aльгшуер等过去发表的数据结合在一起，对0~170 GPa整个压力区间的声速数据做了综合分析，给出了声速随压力的变化规律。实验结果发现，无氧铜在156~159 GPa之间开始发生冲击熔化，到170 GPa左右，完全进入液相区；对于处于0~156 GPa固体无氧铜的弹性声速c_l可用ln c_l=1.565 888-2.645 488×10^-2ln p+2.710 681×10^-2ln²p拟合公式描述（p的单位为GPa，c_l的单位为km/s），拟合值与实验值的相对误差小于1.3%。     

硅酸锶掺Er3+的高压合成及发光特性

 首次采用高压高温方法合成了Sr₂SiO₄:Er³⁺Bi³⁺和SrSiO₃:Er³⁺Bi³⁺发光材料，研究了合成压力、合成温度对发光特性的影响。与常压合成产物相比较，发光谱发生了红移；谱线半宽度显著增大；发光强度和量子发光效率下降。X射线衍射分析得出，SrSiO₃:Er³⁺Bi³⁺发生了结构相变，Sr₂SiO₄:Er³⁺Bi³⁺结构未变但晶格参数发生了变化，且主衍射峰强度发生了反转。分析表明，发光特性的变化是压致晶场、库仑及自旋-轨道相互作用的变化引起的。     

Solitons generated by self-organization in bismuth germanium oxide single crystals during the interaction with laser beam

We present here the experimental, theoretical, and numerical investigations of Kerr solitons generated by self-organization in black and yellow high quality bismuth germanium oxide (Bi₁₂GeO₂₀) single crystals. A picosecond laser beam of increasing power induces competing cubic and quintic nonlinearities. The numerical evolution of two-dimensional complex cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with measured values of nonlinearities shows the compensation of diffraction by competing cubic and quintic nonlinearities of opposite sign, i.e., the self-generation and stable propagation of solitons. Experiments as well as numerical simulations show higher nonlinearity in the black Bi₁₂GeO₂₀ than in the more transparent yellow one.     

Real-time image subtraction in four-wave mixing with photorefractive Bi12GeO20 crystals

Based on a classical two-exposure holographic technique, real-time image subtraction is obtained in four-wave mixing of a reflection hologram type with highly sensitive photorefractive Bi₁₂GeO₂₀ crystals. This method takes advantage of the relatively slow response and erasure times of holographic recording in Bi₁₂GeO₂₀ crystals.     

Dispersion of electro-optic coefficients in sillenite crystals

The photorefractive crystals of the sillenite family (Bi₁₂SiO₂₀ or BSO, Bi₁₂GeO₂₀ or BGO, and Bi₁₂TiO₂₀ or BTO) that belong to the cubic 23 point group are optically active, and exhibit the piezoelectric, elasto-optic, electro-optic and electrogyration effect. In this paper we measure the dispersion of the electro-optic coefficient for all the crystals of the sillenite family in the visible spectral range (500–800 nm). For this we measure by ellipsometry the polarization properties of a beam transmitted in the transverse configuration under the action of an externally applied field. The experimental data are fitted with an analytical expression of the beam polarization to find the electro-optic coefficient. The results show a normal dispersion of the electro-optic coefficient in all three sillenite crystals, similarly to other electro-optic crystals.     

Normal modes in the vicinity of the brillouin zone center of tightly bound units in Bi12GeO20 and Bi12SiO20

From Raman data and a group-theoretical analysis, we deduce that in Bi₁₂GeO₂₀ and Bi₁₂SiO₂₀ there are four weakly bound oxygen atoms and a tightly bound unit MO₄, where M = Ge or Si. Some normal modes of the tightly bound units are identified in Raman and in infrared reflection data. The kinds of interatomic binding forces in these crystals are determined. The results are compared with structure data determined by X-ray scattering.     

Dispersion of electrogyration in sillenite crystals

In this paper we report on the dispersion of the electrogyration of the sillenite crystals Bi₁₂SiO₂₀, Bi₁₂GeO₂₀, and Bi₁₂TiO₂₀ over the visible spectrum. We measure the electrogyration coefficient from the rotation of the polarization plane of the transmitted beam due to the externally applied electric field. Both light transmission and electric field direction are parallel to the [111] crystallographic direction in which the influence of the electrooptic effect is diminished. In all cases the electrogyratory coefficient is found to be between 0.5–3.75×10^-13 m/V and has the same dispersion pattern like optical activity and refractive index. PACS 78.20.Ek; 78.20.Jq; 42.70.Nq     

用超声方法研究掺丙氨酸氘化TGS晶体的相变

 采用超声脉冲重合技术，观察LADTGS在压力升至0.8 GPa，温度在20~90 ℃范围内，超声波在晶体中传播的速度及声衰减系数随温度变化的规律，发现在常压下，在64 ℃处声速随温度变化曲线的斜率有明显变化，对应的声衰减也有一明显吸收峰。随压力升高，T_c以约12 ℃/GPa的速率向高温方向移动。这一现象与介电常数的研究结果大致相同。     

Light Dispersion in Bismuth Germanate Crystals and Bismuth Oxide Films

The dispersion of light in Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ and Bi₁₂GeO₂₀ single crystals and thin Bi₂O₃ films with a monoclinic structure was investigated in the visible spectral region. The parameters of a single-oscillator approximation have been found. It is established that in Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ crystals the absorption band caused by the O2p–Bi6p transitions makes the main contribution to the dispersion curve in the visible region, whereas in Bi₁₂GeO₂₀ crystals this is made by transitions from the hybrid O2p–Bi6p states to the conduction band. The dispersion energy, the degree of the ionicity of binding, and the coordination number of the first coordination sphere of the Bi³⁺ cation have been determined.     

Crystal chirality and optical rotation sense in isomorphous Bi12SiO20 and Bi12GeO20

Laevorotatory crystals of isomorphous Bi₁₂SiO₂₀ and Bi₁₂GeO₂₀ are shown, by use of the anomalous X-ray scattering component in the structure amplitudes, to have identical chirality (handedness of atomic arrangement) in contrast with the case of NaC10₃ and NaBrO₃, in which crystals of the same chirality rotate plane polarized light in opposite senses.