显微激光拉曼光谱原位观测甲烷水合物生成与分解的微观过程

采用显微激光拉曼光谱技术对高压透明毛细管中甲烷水合物的生成与分解的微观过程进行了原位观测,初步探讨了甲烷水合物笼型结构的变化规律.结果表明,甲烷水合物在生成过程中,甲烷分子的拉曼峰(2 917 cm-1)逐渐分裂为两个峰(2 905和2 915 cm-1),表明溶解态甲烷分子从单一的化学环境进入了两个有差异的化学环境中...     

显微激光拉曼光谱测定甲烷水合物的水合指数

甲烷水合物是由甲烷气体分子与水分子在低温高压下形成的一种笼型结构化合物,广泛存在于海底陆架区和陆地冻土区,被认为是一种潜在的能源资源。在水合物的晶格中,水分子在氢键的作用下形成大小不同的笼子,甲烷分子可分别进入大笼(51262)和小笼(512)中。在自行研制的实验装置上,分别合成了一系列不同体系下的甲烷水合物,包括十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)水溶液-甲烷体系、冰粉-甲烷体系以及冰粉-不同粒度砂-甲烷体系。对这些甲烷水合物样品进行了激光拉曼光谱分析,测定了其水合指数,笼占有率等结构参数。结果表明,这些甲烷水合物都为Ⅰ型结构,其水合指数和笼占有率基本不受沉积物粒径大小的影响。在3种体系中生成的水合物,大笼中甲烷分子基本占满,占有率大于97%;小笼中甲烷分子占有率为80%～86%,测得的水合指数为6.05～6.15。     

氮气水合物储氢的激光拉曼光谱研究

近年来,笼型水合物储氢已成为储氢研究的热点之一。采用激光拉曼光谱开展了以氮气水合物为载体的储氢实验研究。在较为温和的条件下(15 MPa, -18 ℃),使合成的氮气水合物与氢气发生反应,对反应产物的拉曼光谱分析结果显示,氢气分子进入到水合物的笼型结构中,并且呈现出多分子的笼占有状态;氮气水合物与氢气的反应时间是影响储氢效果的重要因素。研究结果表明,氮气水合物有希望成为一种有效的储氢介质。     

Synthesis and Raman spectroscopic characterisation of the oxalate mineral wheatleyite Na2Cu2+(C2O4)2·2H2O

The mineral wheatleyite has been synthesised and characterised by Raman spectroscopy complimented with infrared spectroscopy. Two Raman bands at 1434 and 1470 cm⁻¹ are assigned to the ν_{(C O)} stretching mode and implies two independent oxalate anions. Two intense Raman bands observed at 904 and 860 cm⁻¹ are assigned to the ν(C C) stretching mode and support the concept of two non‐equivalent oxalate units in the wheatleyite structure. Two strong bands observed at 565 and 585 cm⁻¹ are assigned to the symmetric CCO in plane bending modes. The Raman band at 387 cm⁻¹ is attributed to the CuO stretching vibration and the bands at 127 and 173 cm⁻¹ to OCuO bending vibrations. A comparison is made with Raman spectra of selected natural oxalate bearing minerals. Oxalates are markers or indicators of environmental events. Oxalates are readily determined by Raman spectroscopy. Thus, deterioration of works of art, biogeochemical cycles, plant metal complexation, the presence of pigments and minerals formed in caves can be analysed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermo‐Raman spectroscopy of synthetic nesquehonite — implication for the geosequestration of greenhouse gases

Pure nesquehonite (MgCO₃·3H₂O)/Mg(HCO₃)(OH)·2H₂O was synthesised and characterised by a combination of thermo‐Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetry with evolved gas analysis. Thermo‐Raman spectroscopy shows an intense band at 1098 cm⁻¹, which shifts to 1105 cm⁻¹ at 450 °C, assigned to the ν₁CO₃²⁻ symmetric stretching mode. Two bands at 1419 and 1509 cm⁻¹ assigned to the ν₃ antisymmetric stretching mode shift to 1434 and 1504 cm⁻¹ at 175 °C. Two new peaks at 1385 and 1405 cm⁻¹ observed at temperatures higher than 175 °C are assigned to the antisymmetric stretching modes of the (HCO₃)⁻ units. Throughout all the thermo‐Raman spectra, a band at 3550 cm⁻¹ is attributed to the stretching vibration of OH units. Raman bands at 3124, 3295 and 3423 cm⁻¹ are assigned to water stretching vibrations. The intensity of these bands is lost by 175 °C. The Raman spectra were in harmony with the thermal analysis data. This research has defined the thermal stability of one of the hydrous carbonates, namely nesquehonite. Thermo‐Raman spectroscopy enables the thermal stability of the mineral nesquehonite to be defined, and, further, the changes in the formula of nesquehonite with temperature change can be defined. Indeed, Raman spectroscopy enables the formula of nesquehonite to be better defined as Mg(OH)(HCO₃)·2H₂O. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Raman spectroscopic study of the antimonate mineral bottinoite Ni[Sb2(OH)12]·6H2O and in comparison with brandholzite Mg[Sb5+2(OH)12]·6H2O

Raman spectroscopy was used to study the mineral bottinoite and a comparison with the Raman spectra of brandholzite was made. An intense sharp Raman band at 618 cm⁻¹ is attributed to the SbO symmetric stretching mode. The low intensity band at 735 cm⁻¹ is ascribed to the SbO antisymmetric stretching vibration. Low intensity Raman bands were found at 501, 516 and 578 cm⁻¹. Four Raman bands observed at 1045, 1080, 1111 and 1163 cm⁻¹ are assigned to δ SbOH deformation modes. A complex pattern resulting from the overlapping band of the water and hydroxyl units is observed. Raman bands are observed at 3223, 3228, 3368, 3291, 3458 and 3510 cm⁻¹. The first two Raman bands are assigned to water stretching vibrations. The two higher wavenumber Raman bands observed at 3466 and 3552 cm⁻¹ and two infrared bands at 3434 and 3565 cm⁻¹ are assigned to the stretching vibrations of the hydroxyl units. Observed Raman and infrared bands are connected with O H···O hydrogen bonds and their lengths 2.72, 2.79, 2.86, 2.88 and 3.0 Å (Raman) and 2.73, 2.83 and 3.07 Å (infrared). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

氟虫氰表面增强拉曼光谱的密度泛函理论研究（英文）

2017年8月初,荷兰发现大范围鸡蛋受杀虫剂氟虫腈污染。用拉曼光谱检测的方法对解决氟虫腈检测问题做了一定的探索。为了获得氟虫腈分子的分子结构振动信息,根据密度泛函理论中的B3LYP杂化泛函和6-311G++(d,p)基组,对氟虫腈分子进行了几何结构优化和频率计算,得到了该分子的稳定构型和全部振动模式,计算了氟虫腈分子稳定构型的拉曼散射光谱。利用HORIBA公司的T64000型光栅共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪采集了FP的拉曼光谱并配合使用Ag/Cu纳米基底采集了表面增强拉曼光谱,较强峰出现在211,308,350,867,1323和1432 cm-1处,次强峰出现在254,407,443,463,511,607,646,712,800,1065和1639 cm-1处。结果表明,理论计算得到的振动频率与实验测量值在全部较强峰处和部分次强峰处吻合的较好。并对FP分子200~2000 cm-1区间内各频率谱线对应的振动模式进行了归属指认,6个较强峰依由小到大的次序分别指认为21H-22H蜷曲振动,10F-11F变形振动和21H-22H面外摇摆振动,15N-22H蜷曲振动,6C伸缩振动和21H面内弯曲振动,苯环呼吸振动和9C伸缩振动,7H-8H面内弯曲振动。发现表面增强拉曼光谱相对于拉曼光谱整体有微小的频移,两者整体吻合较好,表面增强拉曼光谱中211,867,1400和1432 cm-1处的峰得到了选择性增强,根据表面增强拉曼光谱的选择定则,解释为相关振动峰的原子与银衬底表面或许为接近垂直的状态,并可能与银表面吸附。下一步计划将氟虫腈混入鸡蛋中,对氟虫腈在鸡蛋中不同浓度情况下进行指认研究。研究结果可为氟虫腈的拉曼光谱分析提供理论依据,将促进食品和农产品中氟虫腈残留的快速检测和在线检测研究。将拉曼光谱作为对传统化学检测方法的补充。     

甲烷水合物的固体核磁共振碳谱与激光拉曼光谱研究

甲烷水合物（CH₄·nH₂O）是主要由甲烷和水分子构成的冰状笼型化合物,在自然界储量巨大．固体核磁共振（NMR）波谱和激光拉曼光谱是在分子水平分析甲烷水合物的重要手段．该文利用低温固体核磁共振碳谱（¹³C NMR）对合成的甲烷水合物结构进行了研究,分别使用¹³C交叉极化（¹³C CP）和高功率质子去偶（¹H HPDEC）2种脉冲程序采集甲烷水合物的¹³C NMR谱图,结合实验结果分析及理论推导可知,使用¹H HPDEC方法得到的¹³C NMR谱图信号更强,更利于定量分析;甲烷气体与冰粉合成的甲烷水合物为I型,其大笼和小笼占有率分别为0.988和0.824,水合数为6.07;甲烷气体与SH2站位沉积物和冰粉合成的甲烷水合物也为I型,其大笼和小笼占有率分别为0.987和0.887,水合数为5.98;SH2站位沉积物使合成的甲烷水合物的小笼占有率提高、水合数降低、水合物饱和度提高．激光拉曼光谱结果证实了上述结果的准确性．该文为甲烷水合物测试提供了重要的方法参考．     

Characterization of Salting-Out Processes during CO2-Clathrate Formation Using Raman Spectroscopy: Planetological Application

Clathrate hydrates are particular solids that planetologists study in detail because those solids may be present in several bodies of the solar system, such as Mars, comets, and the icy satellites. The solids are formed by solid H₂O, like common water ice, but adopt open structures with cavities containing gas molecules. Clathrate hydrates are usually stable at relatively low temperature and high pressure, which are the typical conditions present inside these planetary objects. Their interest for astrobiology is that they represent potential sources of liquid water and gases when they decompose. The present work is focused on the crystallization of clathrates in Europa's (icy satellite of Jupiter) interior conditions. We postulate that clathrate hydrates may play an important role in its crust mineralogy and that it can explain some features of the satellite's surface due to their formation/destabilization. An in situ kinetic study by Raman Spectroscopy of the clathrate formation from salty solutions was performed in our laboratory. The chemical composition that we used mimics those obtained from Europa's surface during the Galileo mission. An effect of the salting-out process in the solution was monitored through the clathrate formational path. Our results demonstrate that this process may have geological consequences on Europa and confirm the suitability of Raman spectroscopy for planetary detection of clathrate hydrates and other ices.     

Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of the magnesium borate-phosphate mineral lüneburgite

ABSTRACT

Lüneburgite, a rare magnesium borate-phosphate mineral from Mejillones, Chile, has been characterized using Raman and mid-infrared spectroscopy methods. Boron tetrahedra are characterized by sharp Raman band at 877?cm^?1, attributed to the ν₁[BO₄]^5? symmetric stretching mode. The phosphate anion is associated with a distinct band at 1032?cm^?1, attributed to the ν₃[PO₄]^3? antisymmetric stretching mode. The most intensive Raman band at 734?cm^?1 is ascribed to stretching vibrations of bridging oxygen atoms in boron–oxygen–phosphor bridges. Bonds associated with water bending mode and stretching vibration are observed at 1661?cm^?1 (infrared) and in the 3000–3500?cm^?1 region (Raman and infrared spectrum).     

CO2在气体水合物结构特性的固体核磁共振波谱与拉曼光谱实验研究

天然气水合物是蕴含着巨大能源潜力的非常规能源,2017年和2020年两次我国南海探索性试采的成功,加快了天然气水合物项目的进展。二氧化碳置换开采法,既能开发CH₄,又能封存CO₂。同时水合物法分离烟气中CO₂具有很好的应用前景,而CO₂在气体水合物的微观结构和特性尚不明确,实际应用存在一定的未知影响。为了考察其特性,利用13C固体核磁技术（NMR）和拉曼光谱（Raman）进行CO₂置换CH₄水合物、合成13CO₂-H₂-CP混合水合物实验表征,讨论CO₂在水合物中的定量问题,研究CO₂分子在笼型结构中的分布,探讨CO₂分子在气体水合物中的结构类型和特性。结果表明：（1）利用Raman费米低频共振1 277.5 cm-1峰积分得到CO₂在I型大笼（51262笼）的占有率为0.978 2,CH₄在Ⅰ型小笼（512笼）和大笼（51262笼）的占有率为0.059 3和0.009 5,水合数7.61,Raman费米高频共振1 381.3 m-1峰积分得到CO₂在51262笼的占有率为0.984 3,CH₄在512笼和51262笼的占有率为0.023 7和0.003 3,水合数7.70,CO₂几乎占满了大笼,CO₂气体的加入会导致水合物中,CH₄的大、小笼占有率均大幅度降低,置换后水合数略低于纯甲烷水合物,未标记的CO₂水合物在核磁中较难测出信号,CO₂气体置换后CH₄在小笼的占有率仅0.097 5,大笼占有率为0.317 2,两种方法差异主要原因为核磁的CO₂未出峰。（2）利用拉曼费米低频共振1 273.4 cm-1峰积分得到H₂、CO₂在512笼、CP在51262的占有率分别为0.124 8,0.304 2和0.997 8,水合数9.16;Raman费米高频共振1 380.6 cm-1峰积分得到H₂、CO₂在512笼、CP在51262的占有率分别为0.123 6,0.577 1和0.985 1,水合数7.12。13C标记CO₂分子在水合物中达到较好的固体核磁分辨率,首次确认CO₂在Ⅱ型小笼中的化学位移为124.8 ppm,计算得到CO₂的小笼占有率为0.783 1,CP的大笼占有率为0.971 8,水合数6.70,Raman高频频费米共振峰（1 380.6 cm-1）定量计算与13C NMR结果更接近。（3）对CO₂的13C NMR化学位移进行了归属,并结合Raman与13C NMR的对比分析,为CO₂水合物的13C NMR研究和拉曼定量提供参考。     

Raman spectroscopy of halogen‐containing carbonates

Raman spectroscopy complemented with infrared spectroscopy has been used to study a series of selected natural halogenated carbonates from different origins, including bastnasite, parisite and northupite. The position of CO₃²⁻ symmetric stretching vibration varies with the mineral composition. An additional band for northupite at 1107 cm⁻¹ is observed. Raman spectra of bastnasite, parisite and northupite show single bands at 1433, 1420 and 1554 cm⁻¹, respectively, assigned to the ν₃ (CO₃)²⁻ asymmetric stretching mode. The observation of additional Raman bands for the ν₃ modes for some halogenated carbonates is significant in that it shows distortion of the CaO₆ octahedron. No ν₂ Raman bending modes are observed for these minerals. The band is observed in the infrared spectra, and multiple ν₂ modes at 844 and 867 cm⁻¹ are observed for parisite. A single intense infrared band is found at 879 cm⁻¹ for northupite. Raman bands are observed forthe carbonate ν₄ in‐phase bending modes at 722 cm⁻¹ for bastnasite, 736 and 684 cm⁻¹ for parisite and 714 cm⁻¹ for northupite. Multiple bands are observed in the OH stretching region for selected bastansites and parisites, indicating the presence of water and OH units in the mineral structure. The presence of such bands brings into question the actual formula of these halogenated carbonate minerals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Raman spectroscopic study of the antimony mineral klebelsbergite Sb4O4(OH)2(SO4)

Many minerals based upon antimonite and antimonate anions remain to be studied. Most of the bands occur in the low wavenumber region, making the use of infrared spectroscopy difficult. This problem can be overcome by using Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra of the mineral klebelsbergite Sb₄O₄(OH)₂(SO₄) were studied and related to the structure of the mineral. The Raman band observed at 971 cm⁻¹ and a series of overlapping bands are observed at 1029, 1074, 1089, 1139 and 1142 cm⁻¹ are assigned to the SO₄²⁻ν₁ symmetric and ν₃ antisymmetric stretching modes, respectively. Two Raman bands are observed at 662 and 723 cm⁻¹, which are assigned to the Sb O ν₃ antisymmetric and ν₁ symmetric stretching modes, respectively. The intense Raman bands at 581, 604 and 611 cm⁻¹ are assigned to the ν₄ SO₄²⁻ bending modes. Two overlapping bands at 481 and 489 cm⁻¹ are assigned to the ν₂ SO₄²⁻ bending mode. Low‐intensity bands at 410, 435 and 446 cm⁻¹ may be attributed to O Sb O bending modes. The Raman band at 3435 cm⁻¹ is attributed to the O H stretching vibration of the OH units. Multiple Raman bands for both SO₄²⁻ and Sb O stretching vibrations support the concept of the non‐equivalence of these units in the klebelsbergite structure. It is proposed that the two sulfate anions are distorted to different extents in the klebelsbergite structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of the Silicate Mineral Gilalite Cu5Si6O17 · 7H2O

Gilalite is a copper silicate mineral with a general formula of Cu₅Si₆O₁₇ · 7H₂O. The mineral is often found in association with another copper silicate mineral, apachite, Cu₉Si₁₀O₂₉ · 11H₂O. Raman and infrared spectroscopy have been used to characterize the molecular structure of gilalite. The structure of the mineral shows disorder, which is reflected in the difficulty of obtaining quality Raman spectra. Raman spectroscopy clearly shows the absence of OH units in the gilalite structure. Intense Raman bands are observed at 1066, 1083, and 1160 cm^?1.

The Raman band at 853 cm^?1 is assigned to the –SiO₃ symmetrical stretching vibration and the low-intensity Raman bands at 914, 953, and 964 cm^?1 may be ascribed to the antisymmetric SiO stretching vibrations. An intense Raman band at 673 cm^?1 with a shoulder at 663 cm^?1 is assigned to the ν₄ Si-O-Si bending modes. Raman spectroscopy complemented with infrared spectroscopy enabled a better understanding of the molecular structure of gilalite.     

Vibrational Spectroscopic Characterization of the Arsenate Mineral Barahonaite: Implications for the Molecular Structure

The mineral barahonaite is in all probability a member of the smolianinovite group. The mineral is an arsenate mineral formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of sulphide deposits. We have studied the barahonaite mineral using a combination of Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The mineral is characterized by a series of Raman bands at 863 cm^?1 with low wavenumber shoulders at 802 and 828 cm^?1. These bands are assigned to the arsenate and hydrogen arsenate stretching vibrations. The infrared spectrum shows a broad spectral profile. Two Raman bands at 506 and 529 cm^?1 are assigned to the triply degenerate arsenate bending vibration (F ₂, ν₄), and the Raman bands at 325, 360, and 399 cm^?1 are attributed to the arsenate ν₂ bending vibration. Raman and infrared bands in the 2500–3800 cm^?1 spectral range are assigned to water and hydroxyl stretching vibrations. The application of Raman spectroscopy to study the structure of barahonaite is better than infrared spectroscopy, probably because of the much higher spatial resolution.     

基于二维相关技术的氯吡脲拉曼光谱分析

氯吡脲作为一种苯脲类生长调节剂,被广泛应用于果蔬中,但是氯吡脲若过量使用,会严重影响果蔬的内在质量,且摄入过多会影响人的身体健康。现有的检测方法,虽然技术上成熟、精度高,但技术条件要求高、样品预处理过程复杂、耗时、检测费用高。利用二维相关拉曼光谱技术对乙酸乙酯中氯吡脲的浓度变化进行检测研究,建立一种灵敏、快速、高效的检测果蔬中氯吡脲的技术提供理论基础,对食品安全具有重大意义。采集氯吡脲粉末的拉曼光谱图,结合氯吡脲分子的结构图可对拉曼光谱谱图中的峰进行归属。配置浓度分别为2.5,5.0,7.5,10.0,12.5,15.0,17.5和20.0 g·L-1的氯吡脲乙酸乙酯溶液并采集拉曼光谱,对不同浓度的氯吡脲乙酸乙酯溶液的光谱数据进行二维相关分析,得到氯吡脲的拉曼二维相关同步谱图和异步谱图,分析同步谱图得出842, 992, 1 044, 1 442和1 604 cm-1的几处交叉峰具有协同作用,随着氯吡脲浓度的升高而升高;分析异步谱图得出交叉峰敏感性为1 044 cm-1>992 cm-1>842 cm-1,1 735 cm-1>1 604 cm-1>1 442 cm-1,842 cm-1>1 735 cm-1。结果表明,乙酸乙酯中氯吡脲的拉曼特征吸收峰分别为842,992,1 044,1 442,1 604和1 735 cm-1,其中1 044 cm-1（苯环的环伸缩振动）、992 cm-1（吡啶环的环呼吸振动）、842 cm-1（C-O-N假对称的伸缩振动）、1 735 cm-1（C=O伸缩振动）对氯吡脲浓度变化比较敏感,敏感度顺序为苯环的环伸缩振动>吡啶环的环呼吸振动>C-O-N假对称的伸缩振动>C=O伸缩振动>多个耦合峰的C=C伸缩振动>C-H的变形振动。拉曼光谱与二维相关技术相结合可以准确地反映出氯吡脲随浓度变化,为果蔬中氯吡脲含量的检测奠定了理论基础。     

A Vibrational Spectroscopic Study of the Sulfate Mineral Glauberite

The mineral glauberite is one of many minerals formed in evaporite deposits. The mineral glauberite has been studied using a combination of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Qualitative chemical analysis shows a homogeneous phase, composed by sulfur, calcium, and sodium. Glauberite is characterized by a very intense Raman band at 1002 cm^?1 with Raman bands observed at 1107, 1141, 1156, and 1169 cm^?1 attributed to the sulfate ν₃ antisymmetric stretching vibration. Raman bands at 619, 636, 645, and 651 cm^?1 are assigned to the ν₄ sulfate bending modes. Raman bands at 454, 472, and 486 cm^?1 are ascribed to the ν₂ sulfate bending modes. The observation of multiple bands is attributed to the loss of symmetry of the sulfate anion. Raman spectroscopy is superior to infrared spectroscopy for the determination of glauberite.     

瓦斯浓度影响下水合物晶体结构Raman光谱特征

在初始温压2 ℃,5 MPa条件下开展了三种瓦斯混合气(CH₄—C₂H₆—N₂,G1=54∶36∶10,G2=67.5∶22.5∶10,G3=81∶9∶10)水合实验,利用可见显微拉曼光谱仪获取水合产物拉曼光谱,通过水合物相中C₂H₆ C—C键伸缩振动特征峰拉曼位移判断水合物晶体结构,利用谱图特征峰分峰拟合方法计算出瓦斯水合物孔穴占有率、水合指数等。研究发现：气样G1和G2水合产物为I型水合物、G3为Ⅱ型,气样中C₂H₆浓度改变导致水合物晶体结构转变;Ⅰ型结构水合物相中CH₄和C₂H₆含量受气样浓度影响较小,G1和G2体系中CH₄含量分别为34.4%和35.7%、C₂H₆含量分别为64.6%和63.9%,而G3体系中CH₄和C₂H₆含量分别为73.5%和22.8%,晶体结构对水合物相客体分子含量控制作用明显;G1~G3体系水合物相大孔穴的CH₄—C₂H₆占有率分别为98%,98%和92%,小孔穴的CH₄占有率分别为80%,60%和84%,N₂由于分压较低且吸附能力较弱其小孔穴占有率不高于5%。     

Vibrational Spectroscopy of the Borate Mineral Priceite—Implications for the Molecular Structure

ABSTRACT

Priceite is a calcium borate mineral and occurs as white crystals in the monoclinic pyramidal crystal system. We have used a combination of Raman spectroscopy with complimentary infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy with Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) to study the mineral priceite. Chemical analysis shows a pure phase consisting of B and Ca only. Raman bands at 956, 974, 991, and 1019 cm^?1 are assigned to the BO stretching vibration of the B₁₀O₁₉ units. Raman bands at 1071, 1100, 1127, 1169, and 1211 cm^?1 are attributed to the BOH in-plane bending modes. The intense infrared band at 805 cm^?1 is assigned to the trigonal borate stretching modes. The Raman band at 674 cm^?1 together with bands at 689, 697, 736, and 602 cm^?1 are assigned to the trigonal and tetrahedral borate bending modes. Raman spectroscopy in the hydroxyl stretching region shows a series of bands with intense Raman band at 3555 cm^?1 with a distinct shoulder at 3568 cm^?1. Other bands in this spectral region are found at 3221, 3385, 3404, 3496, and 3510 cm^?1. All of these bands are assigned to water stretching vibrations. The observation of multiple bands supports the concept of water being in different molecular environments in the structure of priceite. The molecular structure of a natural priceite has been assessed using vibrational spectroscopy.     

激光拉曼光谱在气体水合物研究中的应用

天然气水合物是一种重要的潜在能源。用激光拉曼光谱法表征气体水合物能够为研究水合物形成机理和开采方法提供重要信息。系统介绍了激光拉曼光谱法的基本原理,综述了激光拉曼光谱仪在气体水合物微观表征上的各种实际应用。通过激光拉曼测试可分析水合物气体组成、推测结构类型,再利用经验公式或者相对定量法可计算出其大/小笼的气体占有率和水合数;利用原位拉曼技术可以观测水合物形成和分解的微观过程,解析气体分子进入和离开笼子的进程、进行水合物形成和分解过程中气体浓度变化及水合物形成过程中气体溶解度的测定,辨识水合物系统中的相变过程,进而研究水合物形成和分解动力学;激光拉曼光谱法还可用于研究超高压条件下气体水合物的结构及其变化过程。原位拉曼光谱能够对深海天然气水合物及其环境在原位进行表征;利用拉曼成像技术可以对水合物晶体表面进行系统测定,探求气体组分在晶体表面的分布。随着激光拉曼技术的发展及与其他设备联用水平的提高,激光拉曼光谱仪向便携,高灵敏度发展,能够更广泛深入地进行气体水合物微观研究。