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1.
蜂王浆的质量与贮存时间和温度相关.测定了在不同温度下经过不同时间贮存后的蜂王浆Fourier变换红外光谱,应用去卷积和曲线拟合方法对蜂王浆的酰胺I带进行分析,以期得到其蛋白质二级结构的组成.结果表明:这些蜂王浆之间存在明显而有规律的光谱差异,蛋白质二级结构的组成之间也存在显著差异.随着贮存时间增加和温度升高,蜂王浆蛋白质二级结构的α-螺旋和β折叠分别显著减少和增加,β转角也有增加的趋势,其变化幅度为28℃>16℃>4℃>-18℃.这些结果与蜂王浆应该低温保存的理论相符.FTIR红外光谱结合去卷积、二阶导数和曲线拟合方法是评价蜂王浆品质和新鲜度的一种有效方法.  相似文献   

2.
面粉中蛋白质二级结构的红外光谱研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
测定了不同温度下面粉蛋白质酰胺Ⅲ带的一维红外光谱,二阶导数红外光谱和去卷积红外光谱。研究发现:随着测定温度的升高,面粉蛋白质中的α-螺旋结构的、β-转角结构、无规卷曲结构和β-折叠结构红外吸收强度均有所增加。进一步研究了面粉蛋白质酰胺Ⅲ带的二维红外光谱。研究发现:随着测定温度的升高,面粉中蛋白质酰胺Ⅲ带的红外吸收强度变化快慢趋势是:1312cm-1(α-螺旋结构)1285cm-1(β-转角结构)1260cm-1(无规卷曲结构)1229cm-1(β-折叠结构)。  相似文献   

3.
白芥子炒制过程的红外及二维相关光谱研究   总被引:15,自引:9,他引:6  
采用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术动态跟踪药用植物白芥子的炒制过程,获得了不同炒制时间样本的红外谱,二阶导数谱和热扰动下的二维相关红外谱.白芥子的红外谱表明,白芥子在炒制过程中1 747 cm-1油脂特征蜂的相对强度变化不明显,说明白芥子羧酸酯相对较稳定;而1 657 cm-1附近酰胺Ⅰ带峰和1 546cm-1附近的酰胺Ⅱ带的吸收峰相对强度显著减小,是因为白芥子在高温炒制过程中,蛋白质(酶)发生了热变性;1 055 cm-1附近的纤维多糖的特征吸收峰在炒制10 min后明显减弱,这与药材表皮纤维多糖加热分解相关联.二阶导数谱和二维相关红外谱的变化规律与红外谱的结果相一致,进一步验证了白芥子药材在炒制过程中发生的主要变化是蛋白质变性及多糖的分解.该方法揭示了药材在炮制过程中所发生的物理化学变化过程,从分子光谱水平上奠定了白芥子药材炮制的目的"杀酶保甙"的理论基础.  相似文献   

4.
ATR-FTIR分析冻结—解冻后的牛肉蛋白二级结构变化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了牛肉蛋白质二级结构稳定性在-18,-23及-38℃不同温度下的变化情况,明确了肉品工业中不同冷冻温度对肉品品质的作用机制。利用了傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(attenuated total reflectance Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy,ATR-FTIR)技术、自动去卷积以及曲线拟合等计算方法,分析了-18,-23及-38℃三个温度下,牛肉肌原纤维蛋白(myofibrillar protein,MP)在冻结—解冻过程中的红外光谱图变化及蛋白质二级结构变性程度。ATR-FTIR结果显示,冻结—解冻过程中牛肉MP红外光谱图峰高、峰面积发生变化,且峰波数发生红移或者蓝移;冻结—解冻后牛肉MP红外光谱图中3 500~3 300cm-1波段的吸收峰强度减弱甚至消失,说明解冻后牛肉MP中的结合水中O—H基团与氨基酸CO基团形成的分子内和分子间氢键断裂;冻结会影响牛肉MP二级结构的稳定性,导致牛肉蛋白质二级结构发生变化,其中除了无规则卷曲比例上升以外,α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角含量均下降,造成有序结构向无序结构转变;解冻后,冻结温度为-38℃的处理组牛肉β-折叠增加量大于-23和-18℃处理组,-38℃冻结牛肉MP二级结构的稳定性最好,解冻后蛋白质复性也最好。即蛋白质冷冻变性程度随着冻结温度的降低而减轻,蛋白质二级结构特征保持也越好。该试验研究基于肉品工业生产实际,研究结果从微观层面揭示了冻结温度对牛肉蛋白质变性的影响规律及可能的机制,为冷冻肉冻藏保鲜工艺制定提供了参考。  相似文献   

5.
脉冲微波辐照影响心肌细胞膜蛋白构象及其机制的研究   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
应用显微傅里叶变换红外光谱技术研究了脉冲微波辐照对心肌细胞膜蛋白质构象、功能的影响和相关分子机制.结果表明,辐照可对心肌细胞的细胞膜蛋白质结构产生明显影响.细胞膜脂质中-CH2-、磷脂结构中G=O、蛋白质酰胺Ⅰ,Ⅱ带的伸缩振动峰消失或位移.辐照后心肌细胞膜蛋白质二级结构也出现明显变化,α-螺旋和β-折叠结构减少,二级结构无序化程度增加.上述变化均与辐照剂量呈正相关.结果提示受脉冲微波辐照后,心肌细胞膜蛋白构象的完整性受损,膜稳定性及流动性下降,膜上多种生物活性结构被破坏,上述变化构成了细胞膜功能丧失、细胞形态和结构损伤、细胞凋亡等病理学效应的生物化学基础.文章首次从蛋白质构象角度阐述了微波辐照对心肌细胞膜损伤的分子病理机制.  相似文献   

6.
采用溶胶 凝胶法制备NiFe2 O4 纳米粉末 ,并经不同温度热处理 .测定了制备过程中各阶段的红外吸收光谱和不同温度处理样品的红外漫反射光谱 .结果表明 ,红外吸收光谱较好地反映了溶胶 凝胶法制备NiFe2 O4 纳米粉末过程中结构的变化 ,为确定热处理温度提供了实验依据 ,彻底消除有机物 ,热处理需在 40 0℃以上 ;红外漫反射谱可以较好地反映粉末的尺寸效应和形态效应 ,粉末粒径越小 ,漫反射函数 (K M)值越大 ;当粒径达到一定尺寸时 ,红外漫反射的尺寸效应消失  相似文献   

7.
零视距地物长波红外特征场景仿真研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
为仿真地物长波红外场景图像,根据地表温度随时间变化的规律,并结合气象状况、背景材质、热特性参量、热状态等参数,在对太阳辐射、大气长波辐射、大气温度和地表热传导等影响地表温度变化的因素进行分析的基础上,建立了基于热平衡理论和热传导过程的方程。解算出多种常见地表一日之中的温度变化情况,并将其应用于由相同景物可见光纹理图像反演出的相应红外纹理图像中。在考虑景物表面自身发射、反射的辐射计算模型的前提下,生成了具有相似红外纹理细节的地表红外场景。结果表明,该方法可生成接近真实感的红外场景,有效地模拟仿真地物的长波红外特征。  相似文献   

8.
运用变温红外和样本-样本相关光谱对40~150℃温度区间内的表面双稳态液晶分子MHOCPOOB的相变过程中的分子构象、排布及相互作用的变化进行研究.结果表明:室温时,分子烷基链中同时存在Zigzag和Gauche两种构象.随温度升高,其中有序的Zigzag构象转化为无序的Gauche构象,链的扭曲程度增加.刚性核部分,羰基与相邻的苯环形成共轭体系,苯环之间相互倾斜排列,在相变过程中羰基与苯环的共平面作用逐渐被打破,且在相变点苯环间的二面角明显增大.由于表面稳定化的作用,使得在液晶盒表面上的一层膜,其结构并不随温度、相结构的变化而变化,因而在液晶盒的光谱中观察到的相变点较少.通过二维光谱作者发现,在122℃时分子出现细微结构调整.  相似文献   

9.
应用红外光谱技术研究中药水蛭的炮制过程   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
考察水蚝炮制前后化学成分产生的变化,文章采用红外光谱(FTlR)二维相关红外谱图(2D-IR)对中药水蛭鲜品和制品进行了研究.结果表明:水蛭具有明显的酰胺Ⅰ和Ⅱ带蛋白质特征峰,其中鲜品的酰胺Ⅱ带吸收峰在1543 cm-1,而生品和炮制品的向低频位移至1 535cm-1;采用热微扰模拟水蛭炮制过程并分析水蛭的2D-IR,结果显示水蛭鲜品中的酰胺Ⅰ带与酰胺Ⅱ带的自动峰的强度比炮制品的更为显著.说明水蛭在炮制过程中蛋白质的空间构象破损、氢键断裂,导致变性失活,部分脂肪酸和甾醇类组分在炮制中发生氧化分解.  相似文献   

10.
常绿树叶自然衰老的红外光谱研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术对七种常绿树的幼叶、成叶和老黄叶进行了研究,以期探讨常绿树叶自然衰老的光谱规律。不同时期叶片红外光谱变化主要在1 800~700cm-1范围,用吸光度比A1 070/A2 927和A1 070/A1 160考察叶样多糖相对含量变化,用A1 318/A2 922考察草酸钙相对含量变化,用1 800~1 500cm-1范围拟合峰的峰高比H1 650/H1 740考察蛋白质相对含量变化。结果显示在自然衰老过程中蛋白质、糖类、草酸钙相对含量有变化,但不同种树变化规律不同,说明不同种树叶衰老过程中物质积累、动员规律不同。证明中红外光谱可用于植物衰老生理变化的研究。  相似文献   

11.
Experimental assessment of the thermal load induced by fast laser pulses on micro- and nanostructures through IR imaging is currently too slow and lacks the spatial resolution to be useful. In this paper, we introduce a method based on measuring the laser-induced yields of ions to compare the thermal loads on nanofabricated silicon structures, when exposed to nanosecond laser pulses. The laser fluences at which the ion yields of, for example, sodiated and potassiated peptides ions are equal for two different structures correspond to equivalent thermal loads. Using alkalinated peptides is a convenient choice because the corresponding ion intensities are easily measured up to the melting point of silicon. As an example, we compare the nanosecond laser heating of silicon nanopost arrays with diverse post diameters and periodicities. Assessment of the thermal load through ion yield measurements can also be used to verify model assumptions for heat transport regimes in nanostructures.  相似文献   

12.
The thermal decomposition behaviour of unirradiated and pre-γ-irradiated piperacillin (pipril) as a semi-synthetic penicillin antibiotic has been studied in the temperature range of (273–1072?K). The decomposition was found to proceed through three major steps both for unirradiated and γ-irradiated samples. Neither appearance nor disappearance of new bands in the IR spectrum of piperacillin was recorded as a result of γ-irradiation but only a decrease in the intensity of most bands was observed. A degradation mechanism was suggested to explain the bond rupture and the decrease in the intensities of IR bands of γ-irradiated piperacillin.  相似文献   

13.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments were performed on mesoporous silica powders in which (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) cyclam groups were incorporated. These functionalised groups allow an easy binding with copper and nickel ions. Comparative studies are carried out on samples functionalised by cyclam groups located either inside the pores or in the walls of the mesoporous structures. Copper and nickel EPR parameters, including g-tensors and hyperfine components are determined and relevant electronic, magnetic and structural information are obtained. The EPR spectra intensities and line-widths are investigated on the temperature range [4 K,300 K] to clarify the relative dispersion or agglomeration of the doping ions in the matrices as well as their possible thermally activated mobility and ions pairing. As a support of the experimental EPR investigations, numerical simulations of the geometry of metallic ion environments and their electronic properties are carried out and discussed. The possibility of dynamic Jahn Teller (JT) effect in the temperature range [200, 60 K] is discussed for the nickel doped matrices where the low temperature quenched JT configuration is thought to favour the formation of Ni3+ pairs.  相似文献   

14.
A protein can be modelled by a set of points representing its amino acids. Topologically, this set of points is entirely defined by its contact matrix (adjacency matrix in graph theory). The contact matrix characterizing the relation between neighboring amino acids is deduced from Voronoi or Laguerre decomposition. This method allows contact matrices to be defined without any arbitrary cut-off that could induce arbitrary effects. Eigenvalues of these matrices are related with elementary excitations in proteins. We present some spectral properties of these matrices that reflect global properties of proteins. The eigenvectors indicate participation of each amino acids to the excitation modes of the proteins. It is interesting to compare the protein modelled as a close packing of amino acids, with a random close packing of spheres. The main features of the protein are those of a packing, a result that confirms the importance of the dense packing model for proteins. Nevertheless there are some properties, specific to the hierarchical organization of the protein: the primary chain order, the secondary structures and the domain structures.  相似文献   

15.
In this paper, we demonstrate the interaction between intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) probe—Methyl ester of N,N-dimethylamino naphthyl acrylic acid (MDMANA) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) using absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The nature of probe protein binding interaction, fluorescence resonance energy transfer from protein to probe and time resolved fluorescence decay measurement predict that the probe molecule binds strongly to the hydrophobic cavity of the protein. Furthermore, the interaction of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) with water soluble protein BSA has been investigated using MDMANA as fluorescenece probe. The changes in the spectral characteristics of charge transfer fluorescence probe MDMANA in BSA-SDS environment reflects well the nature of the protein-surfactant binding interaction such as specific binding, non-cooperative binding, cooperative binding and saturation binding.  相似文献   

16.
In the present work a data analysis approach, based on XAFS data, is proposed for the identification of most probable binding motifs of unknown mononuclear zinc sites in metalloproteins. This approach combines multiple‐scattering EXAFS analysis performed within the rigid‐body refinement scheme, non‐muffin‐tin ab initio XANES simulations, average structural information on amino acids and metal binding clusters provided by the Protein Data Bank, and Debye–Waller factor calculations based on density functional theory. The efficiency of the method is tested by using three reference zinc proteins for which the local structure around the metal is already known from protein crystallography. To show the applicability of the present analysis to structures not deposited in the Protein Data Bank, the XAFS spectra of six mononuclear zinc binding sites present in diverse membrane proteins, for which we have previously proposed the coordinating amino acids by applying a similar approach, is also reported. By comparing the Zn K‐edge XAFS features exhibited by these proteins with those pertaining to the reference structures, key spectral characteristics, related to specific binding motifs, are observed. These case studies exemplify the combined data analysis proposed and further support its validity.  相似文献   

17.
The infrared radiometer (IR) displays the radiation temperature distribution. Frequently, thermal images on a CRT display fluctuate and those radiation temperatures cannot be measured correctly. Therefore, we are frequently faced with the difficult problem of evaluating the detection limits on surface and internal flaws in construction and underground structures, and so on. Those difficulties are considered to be due to fluctuations of the meteorological and environmental factors, mainly influenced by solar radiation, wind velocity, atmospheric temperature, and so on. Our experimental study clarifies the relation between variations of the thermal images on the CRT of IR display and the environmental factors using an analysis of power spectral density.  相似文献   

18.
Recombination radiation and inelastic light scattering spectra of 2D electrons are studied simultaneously in structures with a single GaAs quantum well in the quantum Hall effect regime. It is found that the intensity of intersubband inelastic light scattering (the SDE mode) at the filling factor ν = 2 exhibits fluctuations in phase with fluctuations of the photoluminescence intensity of 2D electrons of the ground subband. It is shown that, simultaneously with fluctuations of the scattered light and recombination radiation intensities, the spectral positions of these lines change stepwise by 0.3–0.5 meV. The jumps found in the spectral positions of lines are observed only in narrow intervals of magnetic fields corresponding to the quantum Hall effect and are presumably associated with zero-point fluctuations (Casimir-Lifshits force).  相似文献   

19.
Two 2D fluorescence techniques are described which allow the study of conformational changes in proteins in their native form in μM solutions using aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, tyrosine) as intrinsic fluorescence markers. Simultaneous time- and wavelength-resolved fluorescence spectra are measured using a 80 ps laser source in conjunction with streak detection in the exit plane of an astigmatism-corrected spectrometer. This approach allows identification of different photophysical processes by their associated lifetime and spectral intensity distribution; errors due to the more common integration over a wider spectral range are avoided. Time-resolved spectra are sensitive to changes in the collisional environment (dynamic quenching) and can thus be used to monitor local conformation changes close to the respective fluorophors. This is demonstrated for the Ras protein which undergoes a drastic conformation change while binding to different nucleotides. Excitation-emission spectra are two-dimensional fluorescence images with one axis corresponding to the excitation and the other to the emission wavelength. Thus, they contain all conventional excitation and fluorescence spectra of a given substance. The 2D structure facilitates the interpretation of these spectra and allows the direct identification of resonance effects, scattering and the isolation of the contribution of different fluorophors to the complete spectrum. This is demonstrated for mixtures of tyrosine and tryptophan. In this case, both wavelength-resolved spectra and temporal decays are affected by energy transfer processes between the two amino acids. In a last example, both static and time-resolved spectral methods are combined to determine the respective contribution of static and dynamic quenching in calsequestrin. Evaluation of the fluorescence data is in good agreement with a recent crystallographic analysis which shows that all tryptophans are located in a conserved domain of the protein. Addition of Ca2+ ions leads to a more compact form of calsequestrin and to polymers. This information would not be obtainable from either of the two techniques alone. Received: 10 February 2000 / Published online: 13 September 2000  相似文献   

20.
Nucleic acids are negatively charged biomolecules, and metal ions in solutions are important to their folding structures and thermodynamics, especially multivalent ions. However, it has been suggested that the binding of multivalent ions to nucleic acids cannot be quantitatively described by the well-established Poisson-Boltzmann(PB) theory. In this work, we made extensive calculations of ion distributions around various RNA-like macroions in divalent and trivalent salt solutions by PB theory and Monte Carlo(MC) simulations. Our calculations show that PB theory appears to underestimate multivalent ion distributions around RNA-like macroions while can reliably predict monovalent ion distributions. Our extensive comparisons between PB theory and MC simulations indicate that when an RNA-like macroion gets ion neutralization beyond a "critical" value, the multivalent ion distribution around that macroion can be approximately described by PB theory.Furthermore, an empirical formula was obtained to approximately quantify the critical ion neutralization for various RNAlike macroions in multivalent salt solutions, and this empirical formula was shown to work well for various real nucleic acids including RNAs and DNAs.  相似文献   

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