可溶性高聚物-多壁碳纳米管复合物的吸收光谱和光限幅性能研究

合成了三种可溶性高聚物嫁接的多壁碳纳米管复合物,包括聚乙烯基咔唑-多壁碳纳米管复合物(MWNTs-PVK),聚苯乙烯-多壁碳纳米管复合物(MWNTs-PSt)和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-多壁碳纳米管复合物(MWNTs-PMMA)。合成样品的TEM图显示出高聚物成功地包裹在碳纳米管外。样品的氯仿溶液UV-Vis 吸收谱显示,复合物的紫外区与纯的多壁碳纳米管不同,有一些复杂的特征吸收峰,反映了高聚物与碳纳米管共价连接的作用。利用Z扫描技术通过527 nm的纳秒激光脉冲激发研究了这三种复合物的非线性光学性质和光限幅性能。这三种复合物的氯仿溶液的光限幅性能很相似,并且优于纯多壁碳纳米管氯仿悬浮液和C60甲苯溶液。为解释观察到的结果,研究了样品的非线性折射,非线性吸收和非线性散射机制。结果显示,非线性吸收是引起样品光限幅的主要机制。     

模板法合成多壁碳纳米管复合材料

以包覆在碳纳米管表面的薄层二氧化锰作为表面再包覆聚苯胺的反应性模板合成了聚苯胺和碳的复合的多壁纳米管的结构,该复合材料在水中显示出很好的分散性．该方法还可以用来合成如聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩、聚吡咯、二氧化硅、无定形碳等材料与碳纳米管的复合材料.     

浓硝酸处理碳纳米管对4-硝基苯酚的吸附性能研究

本文采用浓硝酸氧化法来改性多壁碳纳米管,用Raman光谱、SEM和分光光度计对改性前后的多壁碳纳米管对4-硝基苯酚溶液的吸附能力进行了比较研究。Raman光谱和SEM分析表明浓硝酸处理使碳纳米管端口打开,管变短,并且在表面引入了羟基、羧基等酸性官能团。采用分光光度计测定溶液浓度,计算出浓硝酸处理前后多壁碳纳米管对不同浓度4-硝基苯酚的吸附效率,实验结果表明经浓硝酸处理后的多壁碳纳米管的吸附效率有较大的提高。     

气相爆轰法合成含铁多壁碳纳米管

以甲烷和氧气为前驱体,二茂铁为催化剂,采用气相爆轰法在密闭反应管中合成多壁碳纳米管。运用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜、Raman光谱等手段对多壁碳纳米管进行形貌表征和物相、成分分析。结果表明:所制备的多壁碳纳米管呈弯曲缠绕状,管径分布在20~50nm,长度达数微米,具有优异的管状结构,并且石墨化程度较高;碳纳米管中除含碳元素外,还包含少量纳米铁颗粒,且产物中含有少量碳化铁。XRD分析表明,爆轰反应发生后催化剂被分解、还原为金属单质。根据实验结果和理论分析,提出了气相爆轰法合成碳纳米管的机理。     

二茂铁质量对气相爆轰法合成碳纳米管的影响

以甲烷和氧气作为爆源,二茂铁为前驱体,探究了不同前驱体质量对所合成的碳纳米管的影响。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等手段对碳纳米管的形貌和结构进行表征,结果发现:当二茂铁量较少时,只有碳包覆铁纳米颗粒存在;随着二茂铁质量的增加,逐渐有碳纳米管生成,其管径大多分布在10~50nm之间,为多壁碳纳米短管。随着前驱体质量的增加,碳纳米管的石墨化程度提高,结构缺陷也变少。通过对合成产物的热重分析可得,气相爆轰法所制备的碳纳米管具有强烈吸氧性,所得样品中碳纳米管的质量分数为26%左右。     

不同厚度阴极修饰材料LiF对聚对苯乙炔MOPPV-SWNT-PbSe量子点复合材料太阳电池性能的影响

基于碳纳米管的良好导电性、激子传输性能和量子点聚合物复合材料高的光电转换性能,采用原位缩合法制备了聚合物聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)-对苯乙炔-功能化碳纳米管-硒化铅量子点复合材料.通过对复合材料的X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和紫外可见吸收光谱研究,发现聚合物聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)-对苯乙炔,功能化碳纳米管与硒化铅量子点可以有效地复合,且功能化碳纳米管与聚合物聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)-对苯乙炔形成网状结构;硒化铅量子点尺寸为5.75nm,其可均匀地分散在聚合物聚(2-甲氧基-5-辛氧基)-对苯乙炔-功能化碳纳米管基体中形成包覆或镶嵌结构,并发生了光诱导电荷转移.通过对复合材料的光电性能研究发现,插入不同厚度阴极修饰材料LiF后其光电性能提高,且当LiF为3nm时,开路电压为0.558 V,短路电流为2.338 mA,填充因子为37.6%,转换效率为0.466%,与不插入修饰材料时相比复合材料光电性能提高了30%.     

多巴胺功能化碳纳米管的制备及其性能

将浓硝酸氧化后得到的碳纳米管(MWNT-COOH)酰氯化,将活化后的MWNT-COCl与生物药物分子多巴胺(Dopa)继续发生反应,得到Dopa功能化的碳纳米管MWNT-Dopa.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对功能化的碳纳米管进行表征分析,进一步对MWNT-Dopa进行分散稳定性分析和生物矿化实验.结果表明,Dopa通过酰胺键共价接枝在MWNT上,且Dopa的功能化修饰有效提高了碳纳米管在水和乙醇中的分散稳定性及生物矿化活性.     

碳纳米管/硅纳米孔柱阵列的场发射性能

"通过热化学气相沉积的方法将碳纳米管生长到硅纳米孔柱阵列衬底上．采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、拉曼光谱和X射线能谱对所制备的样品形貌、组成进行了分析．结果发现：所制备产物为一种具有面积大、准周期性的碳纳米管/硅巢状阵列复合结构．能谱分析表明碳纳米管仅含有碳元素．对样品进行场发射性能测试表明该结构开启电压为1.3 MV/m,当外加电压为4.26 MV/m,发射电流为5 mA/cm2．由FN公式计算相应的场增强因子约为1.1￡104．碳纳米管/硅纳米孔柱阵列好的场发射性能被归     

聚3-苯基噻吩的合成及其结构表征

用有机合成方法-格氏偶联法合成出了3-苯基噻吩及其聚合物;用红外光谱、紫外光谱、核磁共振光谱和元素分析等方法对标题化合物进行了表征,从红外谱图、紫外谱图、核磁共振谱,元素分析数据可以推测出所合成的化合物是聚3-苯基噻吩。     

水对800℃下CH4在Ar气中分解制备单壁碳纳米管的影响

利用透射电子显微镜和拉曼光谱方法研究了水对800℃下Ar气中催化分解CH4制备单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）的影响.结果表明，反应气中少量水（室温下反应气的湿度约5%）的引入提高了产物中SWCNTs的含量.初步分析认为，水在反应过程中起到了提纯作用，从而降低无定形碳生成率.此外，还发现水的引入缩小了产物中SWCNTs的管径分布. 关键词： 单壁碳纳米管 水 拉曼光谱     

Characterization of thiol-functionalized carbon nanotubes on gold surfaces

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with thiol groups by chemical route. Exploiting the chemical affinity between thiol and gold an assembly of carbon nanotubes was obtained by spontaneous chemical adsorption to gold using Au–S bonds. The multi-walled carbon nanotubes were first chemically cut by acid treatment and then functionalized with short chain thiol (2-aminoethanethiol). Substrate dipping in a suspension of functionalized carbon nanotubes allows them to bond to the gold surface. The resultant products, as well as the intermediate were characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.     

Field electron emission images of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Field electron emission microscope images from multi-walled carbon nanotubes can typically be characterized by the presence of five pentagons surrounding a sixth central pentagon. The observations of bright line centered interference patterns between adjacent pentagons in the field electron emission microscope images of multi-walled carbon nanotubes have been reported in the literature. We have observed a shift from bright to dark line centered interference patterns and associated this with the presence of surface adsorption. In order to identify the origin of the contaminant, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were dosed with H₂, H₂O, CO and O₂ and then imaged in the field electron emission microscope. Only the samples exposed to O₂ showed a shift from a bright line centered pattern between adjacent pentagons of a clean surface to a dark line centered pattern when one pentagon was contaminated or a bright line centered pattern when both adjacent pentagons become contaminated. The results of the experimental studies and the modeling of the changes in the field emission pattern as phase shifts in the wave function of the tunneling electrons due to modifications in the surface work function are presented.     

Deposition of silver nanoparticles on carbon nanotube by chemical reduction method: Evaluation of surface,thermal and optical properties

Silver was stabilized on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by chemical-reduction technique using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a reducing agent. The influence of silver on the performance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was investigated by employing Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy (RAS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), zeta potential measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and reflectance spectroscopy (RS). FTIR as well as RS methods evidenced the synthesis procedure using chemical reduction method was successful. Performing TGA of the samples under oxygen atmosphere demonstrated that the silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) generated on MWCNTs surface can decrease the thermal stability of the particles by the catalytic oxidation of CNTs. In contrary, the thermal stability of the MWCNTs has improved under nitrogen atmosphere. EDX results showed the presence of Ag, Au and Co on the surface of deposited sample. The synthesised silver multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ag–MWCNTs) were found to have higher UV reflection activity compared with untreated particles. The Ag–CNTs can be used in producing anti-UV composites.     

Transmission electron microscopy observations of CNT morphology before and after heating in vacuum

Heating of multi-walled carbon nanotubes is often required to obtain clean patterns in the field electron emission microscope (FEEM). A transmission electron micrograph study of morphological changes in the cap structure of multi-walled carbon nanotubes due to heating in vacuum is presented. The lack of significant structural change in the cap structure when specimens were heated to 1925 K for 2.5 h determines an upper bound for the diffusivity of multi-walled carbon nanotube surface atoms, of the order of 10⁻¹⁶ cm²/s at 1925 K.     

Surface modification of magnesium aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles with poly(methyl methacrylate) via one-pot in situ polymerization

Hydrophobic magnesium aluminum hydroxide composite particles (PMMA-MAH) were obtained by means of grafting poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) onto the surface of magnesium aluminum hydroxide(MAH) nanoparticles after a novel type of phosphate coupling agent (DN-27) modification. The introduction of functional double bonds was firstly conducted on the surface of nanoparticles by DN-27 modification, followed by one-pot in situ polymerization on the particles surface using methyl methacrylate (MMA) as monomer, azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as stabilizer to graft PMMA on the surface of DN-27-modified MAH particles. The obtained composite particles were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The results show that the organic macromolecule PMMA could be successfully grafted on the surface of DN-27-modified MAH nanoparticles and the thermal stability of the PMMA-MAH composite particles had been improved. Compared with unmodified blank MAH sample, the product obtained with this method possesses better hydrophobic properties such as a higher water contact angle of 108° and a well dispersion.     

Effect of oxyfluorination on gas sensing behavior of polyaniline-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Polyaniline-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes were prepared by in situ chemical polymerization method for the novel sensing materials of ammonia gas. The thickness of the polyaniline coatings was controlled by the oxyfluorination treatment on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The oxyfluorination with higher oxygen content produced the more hydrophilic functional groups on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Both the resistivity change and the response time were significantly improved with high repeatability using the more hydrophilic multi-walled carbon nanotubes which were modified with oxyfluorination.     

Surface modification of PMMA/O-MMT composite microfibers by TiO2 coating

In the present work, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/organically modified montmorillonite (O-MMT) composite microfibers were firstly prepared by emulsion polymerization combined with electrospinning, and then coated by nanosize titanium dioxide (TiO₂) using RF magnetron sputter technique. The modified surfaces of PMMA/O-MMT composite microfibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis spectroscopy and drop shape analyzer. Finally, the photocatalytic properties of TiO₂ coated PMMA/O-MMT composite microfiber membranes were evaluated by degradation of methylene blue(MB) under UV illumination. The experimental results revealed that anatase-TiO₂ and rutile-TiO₂ nanoparticles were well spread and physically deposited on the surface of PMMA/O-MMT microfibers, and the wettability of the PMMA/O-MMT composite microfibers was improved after surface modification by sputter coating. Furthermore, the PMMA/O-MMT microfibers membrane coated with TiO₂ performed well in photocatalytic degradation of MB.     

Synthesis of transparent ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films through free-radical copolymerization of asymmetric zinc methacrylate acetate and in-situ thermal decomposition

In this paper, a new and simple approach for in-situ preparation of transparent ZnO/poly(metyl methacrylate) (ZnO/PMMA) nanocomposite films was developed. Poly(methyl methacrylate)-co-poly(zinc methacrylate acetate) (PMMA-co-PZnMAAc) copolymer was synthesized via free-radical polymerization between methyl methacrylate (MMA) and zinc methacrylate acetate (ZnMAAc), where asymmetric ZnMAAc with only one terminal double bond (C=C) was applied to act as the precursor for ZnO nanocrystals and could avoid cross-link. Subsequently, transparent ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films were obtained by in-situ thermal decomposition. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image revealed that ZnO nanocrystals were homogeneously dispersed in PMMA matrix. With thermal decomposition time increasing, the absorption intensity in UV region and photoluminescence intensity of ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films enhanced. However, the optical properties diminished when the thermal decomposition temperature increased. The TGA measurement displayed ZnO/PMMA nanocomposite films prepared by the in-situ synthesis method possessed better thermal stability compared with those prepared by the physical blending method and pristine PMMA films.     

A versatile method for the preparation of end-functional polymers onto SiO2 nanoparticles by a combination of surface-initiated ATRP and Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition

A versatile method was developed for the chain-end functionalization of the grafted polymer chains for surface modification of nanoparticles with functionalized groups through a combination of surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition. First, the surface of SiO₂ nanoparticles was modified with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brushes via the “grafting from” approach. The terminal bromides of PMMA-grafted SiO₂ nanoparticles were then transformed into an azide function by nucleophilic substitution. These azido-terminated PMMA brushes on the nanoparticle surface were reacted with alkyne-terminated functional end group via Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition. FTIR and ¹H NMR spectra indicated quantitative transformation of the chain ends of PMMA brushes onto SiO₂ nanoparticles into the desired functional group. And, the dispersibility of the end-functional polymer-grafted SiO₂ nanoparticles was investigated with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).     

One-pot, efficient functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with diamines by microwave method

Diamines are known to act as a medium to bind miscellaneous compounds to carbon nanotubes (CNT). However, they are commonly applied in a tedious manner. Here, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized by a series of diamine molecules (ethylenediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine and 1,4-diaminobenzen) in a one-pot, rapid microwave-assisted method. Surface functionality groups and morphology of MWCNTs were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results consistently confirmed the formation of diamines functionalities on MWCNTs, while the structure of MWCNT has remained relatively intact. This simple and efficient process may play an important role for realizing miscellaneous functionalization of CNTs.