硝酸溴与三重态氧原子反应机理的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函理论方法 (B3LYP) ,在 6 311+G(d ,p)水平上对硝酸溴与三重态氧原子的反应进行了研究 ,计算了反应中各驻点物种的平衡构型、振动频率、总能量和零点能 (ZPE) .对计算得到各可能反应途径的过渡态经内禀反应坐标分析加以了证实 ,对反应途径中的键长和能量的变化作了IRC解析 .在B3LYP优化的基础上利用了耦合簇理论方法 (CCSD(T) )在 6 311+G(d ,p)水平上对各驻点物种的单点能进行了修正 .研究表明 ,存在三种可能的反应途径 ,其产物分别为 :cis BrONO和 3 O2 、trans BrONO和 3 O2 以及BrOO和NO2 .其中第三个通道由于活化能垒较低 ,是主要反应 .     

CX2+CH2O (X=F, Cl, Br)环加成反应的密度泛函理论计算

用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-311 G(d)水平上研究了CX2 CH2O(X=F,Cl,Br)环加成反应一条三过渡态三中间体路径的反应机理,全参数优化了反应势能面各驻点的几何构型,用内禀反应坐标(IRC)和频率分析方法,对过渡态进行了验证.用高级电子相关校正的耦合簇[CCSD(T)/6-311 G(d)]方法对优化构型进行了单点能计算.采用经Wigner校正的Eyring过渡态理论和热力学方法,研究了该反应通道的热力学及动力学性质.从热力学和动力角度综合分析,该途径CF2与GH2O的环加成反应难以发生,而CCl2及CBr2与CH2O反应的适宜温度范围均为400～1000K,如此,反应既具有较大的自发趋势和平衡常数,又具有较快的反应速率.     

Reaction mechanism and rate constants of the CH+CH4 reaction: a theoretical study

Ab initio and density functional calculations have been performed to elucidate the mechanism of CH radical insertion into methane. The results show that the reaction can be viewed to occur via two stages. On the first stage, the CH radical approaches methane without large structural changes to acquire proper positioning for the subsequent stage, where H-migration occurs from CH₄ to CH, along with a C–C bond formation. Where the first stage ends and the second begins, a tight transition state was located using the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and MP4(SDQ)/6-311++G(d,p) methods. Using a rigid rotor – harmonic oscillator approach within transition state theory, we show that at the MP5/6-311++G(d,p)//MP4(SDQ)/6-311++G(d,p) level the calculated rate constants are in a reasonably good agreement with experiment in a broad temperature range of 145–581 K. Even at low temperatures, the insertion reaction bottleneck is found about the location of the tight transition state, rather than at long separations between the CH and CH₄ reactants. In addition, high level CCSD(T)-F12/CBS calculations of the remainder of the C₂H₅ potential energy surface predict the CH+CH₄ reaction to proceed via the initial insertion step to the ethyl radical which then can emit a hydrogen atom to form highly exothermic C₂H₄+H products.     

VO2+与CH3CHO反应机理的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函方法在B3LYP/6-311G(d, p)水平上研究了VO2+氧化CH3CHO的反应机理。计算结果表明VO2+氧化CH3CHO的优势反应路径为：首先,CH3CHO与1VO2+ 或 3VO2+通过无能垒的放热反应形成配合物;然后,VO2+的O原子进攻CH3CHO分子中-CHO的C原子,形成四元环中间体;最后,通过H迁移反应形成1VO+ 或 3VO+ 与CH3COOH的配合物。     

ThO+/0/-2不同电荷态对N2O氧化CO反应的影响

本文采用密度泛函理论,对ThO^+/0/-₂团簇参与CO与N₂O间氧化还原反应(CO+N₂O→CO₂+N₂)的机理展开研究,探讨钍氧团簇所带的电荷对该反应的影响.研究表明：ThO^+/0/-₂在反应中主要起传输氧原子的作用,其中ThO⁺₂与CO的反应以及ThO^+/0/-与N₂O的反应都为热力学上的放热反应,而ThO^0/-₂与CO的反应为热力学上的吸热反应.随着电荷态的改变,ThO^+/0/-₂与CO反应的总能垒(E_b)与总驱动力(-ΔG)有较大差异.因此,通过改变ThO₂的电荷态能调节其对CO/N₂O反应的催化活性,综合考虑,ThO⁺₂对...     

CH3CHF2与VO2+的反应机理

采用密度泛函方法在B3LYP/ 6-311G (2d, p)水平上研究了CH3CHF2与VO2+反应生成CH2=CF2 (H2消除反应), CH2=CHF(HF消除反应)和CH3CFO的机理。计算结果表明以上三种反应中,H2消除反应最容易发生。计算结果证明了相邻碳原子上的氢原子有利于C-F键的断裂。     

CH3CHF2与VO2+的反应机理

采用密度泛函方法在B3LYP/ 6-311G (2d, p)水平上研究了CH3CHF2与VO2+反应生成CH2=CF2 (H2消除反应), CH2=CHF(HF消除反应)和CH3CFO的机理。计算结果表明以上三种反应中,H2消除反应最容易发生。计算结果证明了相邻碳原子上的氢原子有利于C-F键的断裂。     

双自由基CH燃烧反应机理的研究

应用量子理论从头算和密度泛函理论(DFT)对双自由基CH(X2Π)与O2(X3∑g-)的反应机理进行了研究.在B3PW91/6-311G**水平上优化了反应通道上各驻点(反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物)的几何构型,并计算了零点能和过渡态的虚频率.并由B3PW91/6-311G**给出了各物种的总能量.计算表明,反应物中自由基CH与O2反应主要在二重态势能面上进行,CH中的C原子可以插在O2分子中两个氧原子中间形成中间体1(2HCO2),中间体1(2HCO2)可以经过不同的反应通道形成不同的产物P1(1CO2 2H)和P2(1CO 2OH),各反应通道的反应热的计算与实验值吻合较好.     

Theoretical investigation of the photochemical reaction mechanism of cyclopropenone decarbonylation

The gas-phase decomposition mechanism of the photochemical and thermal reaction of cyclopropenone leading to carbon monoxide and acetylene has been investigated theoretically. We employed the B3LYP, MP2, and CASSCF methods with the 6-311?+?G** basis set to determine the pathways and the potential energy surface (PES) of this reaction. PES minima were characterized by the absence of any imaginary frequencies and compared with the transition states that contained single imaginary frequencies. The intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) method was used to find the minimum energy paths in which reactants and products were connected to the transition states. Activation barrier, thermodynamic, and IRC analyses were performed using the above three methods. Our computations indicated that the decomposition of cyclopropenone proceeds through a stepwise mechanism containing two transition states (TS1 and TS2) and an intermediate. The results show that TS1, the critical transition state, determines the rate of the cyclopropenone decomposition reaction. Therefore, we employed natural bond order (NBO) calculations to probe the structure of the intermediate. The calculations showed that the intermediate has resonance structures containing a carbene and a zwitterion. Our results are in good agreement with previous theoretical and experimental studies.     

氟原子与反式1,3-丁二烯分子反应动力学的理论研究

在CCSD(T)／6-311g(d,p)／B3LYP／6-311g(d,p)的基础上对F原子与反式的1,3-丁二烯的反应体系进行了理论研究．计算中发现,这个反应体系有两个形成中间复合物的通道．同时,理论计算结果表明,在交叉分子束的实验中探测到的H原子是通过这两个形成长寿命的中间复合物的通道产生的．而通过同一个复合物通道,生成C2H3 C2H3F的速率要比生成氢原子的低,在交叉分子束实验中要探测到C2H3 C2H3F通道也是很困难的．理论分析的结果还表明, HF也可能是反应中的一个产物,它主要是通过直接抽取反应产生的．     

CH2F自由基与HNCO反应机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,在6-311 G(d,p)基组水平上研究了CH2F自由基与HNCO的微观反应机理,优化了反应过程中的反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型,通过振动分析验证了所有可能的过渡态;并且还在QCISD(T)/6- 311 G**//B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p)机组水平上计算了相应单点能．找到了CH2F自由基与HNCO反应的7条可行的反应通道,对结果的分析表明,CH2F HNCO→TS8→IM5→TS9→IM4通道的控制步骤活化能最低,是该反应的主要通道．     

Ni+与CH3CH2CH2NH2反应机理的理论研究

用密度泛函方法在UB3LYP/6-311G++(d,p)理论水平上研究了Ni+在基态与CH3CH2CH2NH2的反应机理,全参数优化了[Ni,C3,N,H9]+基态势能面上各驻点的几何构型,并用频率分析方法和内禀反应坐标（IRC）方法对过渡态进行了验证。结果表明第一过渡金属离子Ni+与CH3CH2CH2NH2的反应为插入-消去机理,并计算找到了基态下该反应的最有利通道。     

甲基乙基亚硫酸与亚氨基负离子多组分反应及机理的理论研究

采用分子动力学方法研究了一系列同比例(5:5,10:10,20:20,50:50)和不同比例(20:30,20:40,20:50和30:20,40:20,50:20)的亚氨基负离子与甲基乙基亚硫酸的反应显示,有较多的亚氨基转化为氨气,同时甲基乙基亚硫酸分解为甲醇、乙醇和一些小的碳化合物等物质.通过密度泛函的B3lyp和Bhandhlyp两种方法,在6-311++G(3df, 3pd)水平下对其反应机理进行研究表明,此反应为多通道多步骤的反应体系,无论主反应还是次反应均为放热反应,其中生成产物为P1(CH₃OSO₂~-+NH₃+C₂H₄),P2(CH₃OSO₂~-+NH₂CH₂CH₃),P3(CH₂O+SO₂+NH₃+C₂H₅~-)的路径为最佳反应通道,而生成P4...     

铁原子与SO_2反应的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的B3LYP方法在6-311+G(d,p)的计算水平上研究了铁原子与SO_2在三重态以及五重态反应势能面上的反应机理.全参数优化了三重态以及五重态反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型,并用频率分析法以及内禀反应坐标(IRC)方法对过渡态进行了验证,得到了该反应的反应势能面曲线和微观反应路径.结果表明,铁原子与SO2在三重态与五重态反应势能面上的几何构型相似,三重态的能量均比五重态高,说明铁原子与SO_2的反应主要在五重态反应势能面上进行.整个体系为放热反应,反应的活化能为30.6 k Cal/mol.     

Isomers of OCS and their reaction with H2O on singlet potential energy surface

The isomers of the carbonyl sulfide (OCS) molecule are investigated in detail at CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory. One cyclic isomer was identified along with three different linear minima of the OCS molecule. Three interconversion transition states were also located between cyclic and linear forms of OCS. Among these four isomers, the singlet potential energy surface (PES) for the molecule–molecule reaction between the three most energetically favoured isomers of OCS and H₂O has been explored theoretically at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ//MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) level. This singlet PES comprises of three paths. Path 1 is the reaction of linear OCS molecule with water producing the major product P1 (CO₂?+?H₂S), minor product P2 (S?+?HCOOH) and two isomers via 14 minima and 15 transition states. The Path 2 is an isomerization process in which cyclic isomer of OCS reacts with water molecule via another initial barrierless aduct producing five isomers of the OCS–H₂O system through five interconversion transition states. The reaction of linear COS isomer with water is shown in Path 3. This path produces the radicals SH and COOH from another COS–H₂O complex via a transition state. Among these three products, the product P1 is energetically most favoured. The overall exothermicity of the product channels for the formation of major product P1 on PES is calculated to be about 10.60?kcal/mol possessing initial high entrance barriers of 45.48 and 55.47?kcal/mol in two possible pathways. As the process is favoured thermodynamically but not kinetically, the reaction is expected to be very slow.     

C-S Activation of CS2 by Nb+ in Gas Phase

以Nb⁺与CS₂反应作为第二前过渡金属离子与CS₂反应生成金属硫化物离子和CS的范例体系. 采用密度泛函UB3LYP方法,对于Nb⁺采用Stuttgart赝势基组,对于C和S采用6-311＋G(2d)基组,计算研究了Nb⁺在基态和激发态时与CS_{2气相反应的机理. 全参数优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型,并且用频率分析方法和内禀反应坐标方法对过渡态进行了验证. 结果表明Nb⁺与CS2的反应是插入-消去反应,在反应过程中会发生系间窜越,并且找到了两个势能面的能量最低交叉点.}     

Theoretical study of mechanisms for NCO with CH3 reaction

A detailed computational study has been performed at the QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level for the NCO with CH₃ reaction by constructing singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces (PES). The results show that the title reaction is more favorable for the singlet PES than the triplet PES. On the singlet PES, the dominant channel is the barrierless addition of the O or N atom to the C atom of the methyl group to form CH₃NCO (IM1) and CH₃OCN (IM2). On the triplet PES, the favorable channel is the barrierless addition of the N atom to the C atom of the methyl group to form an intermediate CH₃NCO (³IM2), which then undergoes a N–C bond scission process to give out CH₃N + CO.     

DFT study on abstraction reaction mechanism of oh radical with 2‐methoxyphenol

Reaction mechanism of 2‐methoxyphenol (2MP) (guaiacol) with OH radical has been performed using density functional theory methods BH&HLYP and MPW1K method with 6‐311++G(d,p) basis set. Single‐point energy calculations were done using CCSD(T)/6‐311++G(d,p). The theoretical results reveal that the hydrogen abstraction from methoxy group is found to be the dominant reaction channel with an energy barrier of 9.31 kcal/mol. Also, time‐dependent density functional theory calculations have been performed using BH&HLYP/6‐311++G(d,p) level of theory, and the results reveal that the reactions occur in ground state than the excited state. The results of reaction force profile indicate that structural rearrangements are most influential with high percentage than the relaxation process. The calculated theoretical rate constants (12.19 × 10^?11 cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1) are in good agreement with the experimental rate constant. The atmospheric lifetime of 2‐methoxyphenol with respect to OH radicals is 2.27 hours, which implies that OH radical plays an important role in the degradation of 2MP. The Wiberg bond index of the abstraction reaction reveals that the bond order is concerted, partially synchronic. The reactant‐like transition state satisfies Hammond postulate, which eventually results in an exothermic reaction, and the product‐like transition state reveals in endothermic nature.     

水辅助下的OH自由基与CH_3OOH气相反应机理的理论研究

利用量子化学计算方法对单个水分子不存在与存在的情况下OH自由基与CH3OOH的气相氢抽取反应进行了理论研究.在BHand HLYP/6-311++G(2df,2pd)理论水平下优化了所有驻点的几何构型,在此基础上利用CCSD(T)/cc-p VTZ方法对所有驻点的单点能重新进行了计算.计算结果表明,OH自由基与CH3OOH反应的主要通道是OH自由基抽取CH3OOH中的-OH基团上的H原子.在单个水分子存在的情况下,反应的主要通道没有改变,但是水化过渡态的能量显著地降低,显然单个水分子对OH+CH3OOH反应具有催化效应.     

水辅助下的OH自由基与CH3OOH气相反应机理的理论研究

利用量子化学计算方法对单个水分子不存在与存在的情况下OH自由基与CH3OOH的气相氢抽取反应进行了理论研究。在BHandHLYP/6-311++G(2df,2pd)理论水平下优化了所有驻点的几何构型,在此基础上利用CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ方法对所有驻点的单点能重新进行了计算。计算结果表明,OH自由基与CH3OOH反应的主要通道是OH自由基抽取CH3OOH中的-OH基团上的H原子。在单个水分子存在的情况下,反应的主要通道没有改变,但是水化过渡态的能量显著地降低,显然单个水分子对OH+CH3OOH反应具有催化效应。