首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
用量子化学MP2方法 ,在 6 311++G(d ,p)基组水平上研究了烯烃CH2 CHF与臭氧反应的机理 ,对氟代乙烯臭氧化反应Criegee机理进行了系统的计算 ,全参数优化了反应过程中反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型 ,在QCISD(T) / 6 311++G(d ,p)水平上计算了它们的能量 .并对它们进行了频率分析 ,以确定中间体和过渡态的真实性 .研究结果表明 ,氟代乙烯与臭氧反应沿Criegee机理是可信的、合理的 .同时研究还发现 ,就氟代乙烯与臭氧反应活性而言 ,其控制步骤的位垒较低 ,可以说氟代乙烯与臭氧反应活性较强 ,也就是说氟代乙烯对臭氧的损耗较大 .  相似文献   

2.
本文根据微正则与正则系综的关系给出了包含隧道效应校正和曲率校正、用积累反应几率表达的单分子反应的正同速率公式kQM(T),应用自编程序,对氟代乙炔氢迁移反应(I)和二氟代乙炔氟迁移反应(Ⅱ)计算了含隧道效应和曲率校正的单分子反应的(kQM(T)和kQM(T)/A≠1)。结果表明:隧道效庆和曲率正只在低温区对氢迁移反应(Ⅰ)的速率常数具有明显的影响,对氟迁称反应(Ⅱ)影响极小,随着温度的升高,两者对  相似文献   

3.
李波  鲍世宁  曹培林 《物理学报》2005,54(12):5784-5790
采用平面波赝势方法,利用基于从头计算的软件包,对乙烯和乙炔基在Ni(110)表面上吸附的问题进行了计算. 在低覆盖度时,孤立的乙烯分子的吸附能比密集时高,乙烯分子的C-C 轴大致沿衬底的Ni原子链方向(即沿[110]晶向),C-C轴与衬底Ni(110)表面有12°的倾斜角,乙烯分子的C—C键的键长为 0.147nm. 乙烯分子中接近顶位的C原子与衬底中距离最近的Ni原子为0.199nm. 在高覆盖度时,乙烯分子在Ni(110)表面上形成c(2×4)再构,每个表面二维元胞中有两个乙烯分子,每个乙烯分子的吸附位置与低覆盖度时相似,而C—C键长比低覆盖度时要短. 乙炔基是乙烯在Ni(110)表面上分解的产物. 关于乙炔基的计算结果表明:乙炔基的两个C原子的间距为0.131nm,比乙烯分子中C原子的间距更短. 与乙烯分子相比,乙炔基的吸附位置更靠近顶位. H原子与吸附在顶位上的C原子相连接,C—H键也大致沿衬底的Ni原子链方向,与Ni表面呈45°的倾斜角. 关键词: 乙烯和乙炔基 平面波赝势方法 吸附几何结构  相似文献   

4.
在外部电极电容耦合反应装置中对聚偏氟乙烯(PVF_2)表面进行等离子体放电处理,测量了等离子体处理后PVF_2凝胶量、剪切强度和表面接触角等参量值的变化,另外,用ESR技术对等离子体处理生成的自由基进行研究,指出等离子体作用后表面分子不饱和链的增加和自由基引发的交联反应与表面粘接性能的改善有关.  相似文献   

5.
二氟硅烯与乙烯环加成反应的理论研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用RHF/6-31G^*解析梯度方法研究了单重态二氟硅与乙烯环加成反应的机理,并用统计热力学方法和过渡态理论计算了该反应温度下的热力涵 数的变化和动力学性质。结果表明,此反应历程由两组成:(1)二氟硅烯与乙烯生成了一中间配合物,是一无势垒的放热反应;  相似文献   

6.
通过非环前体的分子内成环反应,可合成一类多取代苯,对这类产物进行结构鉴定,有助于了解整个反应历程和机理。但取代基增多,势必导致各结构因素变得复杂,难以从各芳碳的经验计算式去推测各取代基所处的相对位置,而以一般的光、波谱方法也较难获得这类结构信息。实验表明,核磁COLOC技术是确定这类产物各取代基相对位置较为合适的方法,本文以NMR技术对这类产物进行了结构鉴定,并讨论了COLOC技术在确定其各取代基相对位置中的作用;同时通过对产物的结构确认,讨论了产物取代基间的相互作用所导致其芳碳化学位移实测值与经验计算值之间的差异,以及含氟基团对邻位芳碳的碳氟间三键偶合作用。  相似文献   

7.
过剩电子不仅是辐射破坏的重要根源,而且也参与诸如环丁烷嘧啶二聚体等辐射产物的修复过程. 利用从头算分子动力学模拟,本工作再现了单电子分步催化环丁烷嘧啶二聚体离解的详细过程,特别获得了与过剩电子有关的能量和分子结构详细信息. 基于垂直注入环丁烷嘧啶二聚体水溶液过剩双电子的分子动力学模拟,本文排除了早期建议的类[2+2]协同同步离解机理,分析了实际反应对称性与严重影响机理的轨道对称性的差别. 重要的是,本文提出一个双电子分步催化离解机理新模型,可以合理解释反应实验观察. 本工作不仅对电子催化离解机理提供了动态洞察性的解析,而且也揭示了两个过剩电子在两个键断裂步骤中的不同作用(促进或抑制).  相似文献   

8.
通过耗散粒子动力学方法研究了β-HMX(环四次甲基四硝基胺)基聚合物在室温下的介观结构. 并在此基础上,研究了不同温度时β-HMX与不同聚合物之间的排斥参数及β-HMX基PBXs的介观结构. 结果表明,β-HMX与偏氟乙烯、β-HMX与三氟氯乙烯及偏氟乙烯与三氟氯乙烯结构单元间的相溶性随着温度的升高不断增强. 温度及聚合物的摩尔比在其相互包覆行为中起着重要作用,且存在最佳的温度及摩尔比.  相似文献   

9.
殷耀兵  高会东 《光谱实验室》2011,28(4):1829-1832
通过血红素上羧基与端氨基聚乳酸上的氨基之间进行酰胺化反应,制得了血红素-聚乳酸分子.利用六氟异丙醇与端羧基反应生成六氟异丙醇酯,结合19F NMR峰面积积分的方法测定羧基含量,以荧光胺作为荧光试剂,采用荧光光谱法测定伯胺端基.进而,采用端基分析方法计算了血红素-聚乳酸的数均分子量,检测了血红素与聚乳酸1∶1和1∶2投料...  相似文献   

10.
姚远  施志坚 《波谱学杂志》1995,12(3):269-276
通过非环前体的分子内成环反应,可合成一类多取代苯,对这类产物进行结构鉴定,有助于了解整个反应历程和机理。但取代基增多,势必导致各结构因素变得复杂,难以从各芳碳的经验计算式去推测各取代基所处的相对位置,而以一般的光、波谱方法也较难获得这类结构信息。实验表明,核磁COLOC技术是确定这类产物各取代基相对位置较为合适的方法,本文以NMR技术对这类产物进行了结构鉴定,并讨论了COLOC技术在确定其各取代基相对位置中的作用;同时通过对产物的结构确认,讨论了产物取代基间的相互作用所导致其芳碳化学位移实测值与经验计算值之间的差异,以及含氟基团对邻位芳碳的碳氟间三键偶合作用。  相似文献   

11.
采用从头算CCSD(T)/6-311 G(2d,2p)//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)方法,研究了自由基-分子反应F CH2CHCH3的各种不同的反应通道.该反应主要是通过复合物形成机制进行,即F分别加到碳碳双键的两端形成自由基复合物1和2.这两种亚稳态自由基会解离成三种产物:H C3H5F、CH3 C2H3F和HF C3H5.理论计算结果表明,生成CH3 C2H3F是反应的主要通道,而生成H C3H5F和HF C3H5对产物也有一定的贡献.这一结果和实验符合得很好.  相似文献   

12.
DFT (U)B3LYP calculations with the 6‐311 + G** basis set were carried out to investigate the mechanisms of cascade rearrangement reactions (involving eight reaction channels) of the cubylcarbinyl radical (radical 1 ). The rate constant for each reaction step was calculated on the basis of the conventional transition state theory. The reaction channel from radical 1 to the 4‐(4‐methylenecyclobut‐2‐enyl) radical is preferred kinetically, while the reaction channel from radical 1 to the 1‐homocubyl radical is unfavorable. The mechanism of the conversion from radical 1 to the tricyclic dienes radical, which is experimentally uncertain, is predicted to be a stepwise process with the methylenesecocubyl radical as an intermediate instead of a concerted reaction. The energy barrier and rate constant of the initial reaction step are evaluated to be 2.8 kcal/mol and 3.0 × 1010 s?1, respectively, in excellent agreement with the corresponding experimental values. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13.
The antiradical potency of catecholamines (dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, L-DOPA), metabolites of dopamine (homovanillic acid, 3-methoxytyramine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) and catechol towards substituted methylperoxy radicals is investigated. The thermodynamic parameters, together with the kinetic approach, are used to determine the most probable mechanism of action. The natural bond orbital and quantum theory of atoms in molecules are utilised to explain the highest reactivity of trichloromethylperoxy radical. The preferred mechanism is dependent both on the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters . The number of chlorine atoms on radical, the presence of intra-molecular hydrogen bond and number of hydroxy groups attached to the aromatic ring significantly influence the mechanism. The results suggest that sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) is the most probable for reaction with methylperoxy and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) for reaction with trichloromethylperoxy radicals, with a gradual transition between SPLET and HAT for other two radicals. Due to the significant deprotonation of molecules containing the carboxyl group, the respective anions are also investigated. The HAT and SPLET mechanisms are highly competitive in reaction with MP radical, while the dominant mechanism towards chlorinated radicals is HAT. The reactions in methanol and benzene are also discussed.  相似文献   

14.
The gas‐phase elimination of 2‐methyl‐2‐propenal catalyzed by HCl yields propene and CO gas, while E‐2‐pentenal with the same catalyst gives butene and CO gas. The kinetics determinations were carried out in a static system with the reaction vessels deactivated with allyl bromide and the presence of the free radical inhibitor toluene. Temperature and pressure ranges were 350.0–410.0 °C and 34–76 Torr. The elimination reactions are homogeneous and unimolecular, and follow a first‐order rate law. The rate coefficients for the reactions are expressible by the following Arrhenius equations: Data from the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of these catalyzed elimination reactions implies a mechanism of a concerted five‐membered cyclic transition state structure for the formation of the corresponding olefin and carbon monoxide. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

15.
In the present investigation, the reaction mechanism and kinetics of 2-formylcinnamaldehyde (2-FC) with O3 and hydroxyl OH radicals were studied. The reaction of 2-FC with O3 radical are initiated by the formation of primary ozonide, whereas the reaction of 2-FC with the hydroxyl OH radical are initiated by two different ways: (1). H-atom abstraction by hydroxyl OH radical from the –CHO and –CH = CHCHO group of 2-FC (2). Hydroxyl OH addition to the –CH = CHCHO group to the ring-opened 2-FC. These reactions lead to the formation of an alkyl radical. The reaction pathways corresponding to the reactions between 2-FC with O3 and hydroxyl OH radicals have been analysed using density functionals of B3LYP and M06-2X level of methods with the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. Single-point energy calculations for the most favourable reactive species are determined by B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and CCSD(T)/6-31+G(d,p) levels of theory. From the obtained results, the hydroxyl OH addition at C8 position of 2-FC are most favourable than the C9 position of 2-FC. The subsequent reactions of the alkyl radicals, formed from the hydroxyl OH addition at C8 position, are analysed in detail. The individual and overall rate constant for the most favourable reactions are calculated by canonical variational transition theory with small-curvature tunnelling corrections over the temperature range of 278–350 K. The calculated theoretical rate constants are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The Arrhenius plot of the rate constants with the temperature are fitted and the atmospheric lifetimes of the 2-FC with hydroxyl OH radical reaction in the troposphere calculate for the first time, which can be applied to the study on the atmospheric implications. The condensed Fukui function has been verified for the most favourable reaction sites. This study can be regarded as an attempt to investigate the O3-initiated and hydroxyl OH-initiated reaction mechanisms of 2-FC in the atmosphere.  相似文献   

16.
A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for gas phase combustion of 2,4,6-tri-nitrotoluene (TNT) has been developed to explore problems of explosive performance and of soot formation during the destruction of munitions. Thermodynamic properties of intermediate and radical species are estimated by group additivity. Reactions for the decomposition and oxidation of TNT and its intermediate products are assembled, based on information from the literature and from analogous reactions where the rate constants are available. The resulting detailed reaction mechanism for TNT is added to existing reaction mechanisms for RDX and for hydrocarbons which can be produced from TNT and RDX. Properties of the reaction mechanism are demonstrated by examining problems of soot formation during open burning of TNT and mixtures of TNT and RDX. Computed results show how addition of oxygen to TNT can reduce the amounts of soot formed in its combustion and why RDX and most mixtures of RDX and TNT do not produce soot during their combustion or incineration.  相似文献   

17.
分子内氮原子上亲核取代反应的理论研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
曾义  任译 《化学物理学报》2005,18(6):918-924
在MP2(full)/631+G(d,p)理论水平上,以-CHR-(CH2)3-NFCH3(R=H,CH3,CH2CF3,CHO,COCH3)为计算模型,对分子内可能发生的两条反应路径—氮原子上的亲核取代反应及消去反应进行了理论研究.结果表明,当进攻基团-CHR为碱性较强的基团,即R=H、CH3、CH2CF3时,有利于发生消去反应而生成直链化合物R-CH2-(CH2)3N=CH2;而当R为吸电子基团-CHO、-COCH3时,主要发生分子内氮原子上的亲核取代反应,产物为含氮的五员杂环化合物.这些理论预测与已有的实验结果吻合.  相似文献   

18.
时间分辨红外发射光谱法对自由基反应的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在过去的 15年中 ,傅立叶变换红外发射光谱法广泛应用于研究气相自由基反应 .Sloan首先研究了O(1D)的反应 ,随后Leone和Hancock研究了O(3 P)的反应 .此后 ,孔繁敖和朱起鹤等研究了小自由基 ,包括CH、CH2 、CH3 、C2 H3 、C2 H5、C2 H、C3 H3 和C3 H5与O2 、NO、N2 O、NO2 等分子的反应。在红外光谱中观察到各个反应的初生产物和初步反应通道 ,和从头算的理论研究结合起来 ,这些反应的机理已基本弄清 .  相似文献   

19.
化学诱导动态核极化(Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization,简称CIDNP)是一种在化学反应体系中观察到的NMR谱线强度反常的现象(常称之为极化谱,包括增强吸收和发射等)。1967年由Bargon和Fischer[1] (西德)以及Ward和Lawler[2] (美国)首先发现的。由于他们所研究的反应体系中涉及自由基,因此最初认为这种谱线强度反常现象是由于自由基中间体中的电子-核交叉弛豫引起的。这种机理通常称为:Overhauser型的动态核极化(Dynamic Nnclear Polarization简称DNP)。但很快就发现它不足以解释实验得到的结果,而CIDNP的命名却是这样因袭下来了。  相似文献   

20.
The decomposition of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) attracts great interests, while the studies on bimolecular reactions during the decomposition of FOX-7 are scarce. This study for the first time investigated the bimolecular reactions of OH and NO2 radicals, which are pyrolysis products of ammonium perchlorate (an efficient oxidant usually used in solid propellant), with FOX-7 by computational chemistry methods. The molecular geometries and energies were calculated using the (U)B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) method. The rate constants of the reactions were calculated by canonical variational transition state theory. We found three mechanisms (H-abstraction, OH addition to C and N atom) for the reaction of OH + FOX-7 and two mechanisms (O abstraction and H abstraction) for the reaction of NO2 + FOX-7. OH radical can abstract H atom or add to C atom of FOX-7 with barriers near to zero, which means OH radical can effectively degrade FOX-7. The O abstraction channel of the reaction of NO2 + FOX-7 results in the formation of NO3 radical, which has never been detected experimentally during the decomposition of FOX-7.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号