Installation and cosmic ray test of the high voltage system of the BESⅢ drift chamber

After examination of the designed high voltage power supply system of the BESⅢ drift chamber in the beam test of the full length prototype of drift chamber, a full system covering all the channels of high voltage was installed. The system's training and the high voltage value adjustment were carried out in the cosmic ray test of the BESⅢ drift chamber. The cosmic ray test for the full system and its final installation on the BESⅢ drift chamber were reported. The full system of high voltage power supply works stably and reliably.     

Construction and cosmic-ray test of the new inner drift chamber for BESIII

A new inner drift chamber has been built which can replace the aged part of the BESIII drift chamber when needed. The design of the new inner drift chamber can minimize the ineffective area in the very forward and backward region and hence reduce the background event rate. With this design, the new inner drift chamber is expected to have a longer lifetime and improved performance due to the lower occupancy. The endplates and the cylinder were machined with high precision. Wire stringing was performed after the mechanical structure was assembled, and good quality of wire stringing was ensured by measurement of the tension and leakage current of the wires. After completion of the physical construction of the new chamber, a cosmic-ray test was carried out to test its performance. The results of the cosmic-ray test show that the new inner chamber achieves a spatial resolution of127 μm and a d E/dx resolution of 6.4%, which satisfies the design specifications.     

Design and implementation of the detector control system for the BESⅢ drift chamber cosmic ray test

After the construction of the BESⅢ drift chamber, a long period of cosmic rays test is necessary to verify its performance. This also provides a good opportunity to integrate the detector readout electronics and Detector Control System (DCS) into a unified working system. The goal of the DCS is to guarantee reliable physics data quality and the safe operation of the detector. It monitors and controls the HV, gas, VME crates and the nvironmental variables. The upper-level system is mainly developed from LabVIEW and the lower-level system mainly uses MCU and PLC technology. The system is designed to be highly flexible and scalable so that it can be applied to other detectors with little or no change. In the immediate future, it will be integrated into the entire BESⅢ Slow Control System.     

Quality control and database on resistive plate chambers for the BESⅢ experiment

The chamber production and installation of the BESⅢ MUON identifier system have been finished. The cosmic ray test result after installation shows that the average efficiency is bigger than 95% and can meet the requirement of the design report. A database including all the chamber parameters and performance data has been constructed and is accessible online. The quality control procedures during the production and the database are described.     

Design and construction of the first prototype ionization chamber for CSNS and PA beam loss monitor （BLM） system

Design and construction of the first prototype ionization chamber for CSNS and Proton Accelerator （PA） beam loss monitor （BLM） system is reported. The low leakage current （〈0.1 pA）, good plateau （≈800 V） and linearity range up to 200 Roentgen/h are obtained in the first prototype. All of these give us good experience for further improving the ionization chamber construction.     

Baseline drift effect on the performance of neutron and γ ray discrimination using frequency gradient analysis

Frequency gradient analysis (FGA) effectively discriminates neutrons and γ rays by examining the frequency-domain features of the photomultiplier tube anode signal. This approach is insensitive to noise but is inevitably affected by the baseline drift similar to other pulse shape discrimination methods. The baseline drift effect is attributed to factors such as power line fluctuation, dark current, noise disturbances, hum, and pulse tail in front-end electronics. This effect needs to be elucidated and quantified before the baseline shift can be estimated and removed from the captured signal. Therefore, the effect of baseline shift on the discrimination performance of neutrons and γ rays with organic scintillation detectors using FGA is investigated in this paper. The relationship between the baseline shift and discrimination parameters of FGA is derived and verified by an experimental system consisting of an americium-beryllium source, a BC501A liquid scintillator detector, and a 5 GSample/s 8-bit oscilloscope. The theoretical and experimental results both show that the estimation of the baseline shift is necessary, and the removal of baseline drift from the pulse shapes can improve the discrimination performance of FGA.     

Design of the thermal neutron detection system for CJPL-Ⅱ

A low background thermal neutron flux detection system has been designed to measure the ambient thermal neutron flux of the second phase of the China Jinping Underground Laboratory(CJPL-Ⅱ),right after completion of the rock bolting work.A ~3He proportional counter tube combined with an identical ~4He proportional counter tube was employed as the thermal neutron detector,which has been optimised in energy resolution,wall effect and radioactivity of construction materials for low background performance.The readout electronics were specially designed for long-term stable operation and easy maintenance in an underground laboratory under construction.The system was installed in Lab Hall No.3 of CJPL-Ⅱ and accumulated data for about 80 days.The ambient thermal neutron flux was determined under the assumption that the neutron field is fully thermalized,uniform and isotropic at the measurement position.     

Track reconstruction using the TSF method for the BESⅢ main drift chamber

We describe the algorithm to reconstruct the charged tracks for BESⅢ main drift chamber at BEPCⅡ, including the track finding and fitting. With a new method of the Track Segment Finder (TSF), the results of present study indicate that the algorithm can reconstruct the charged tracks over a wide range of momentum with high efficiency, while improving the robustness against the background noise in the drift chamber. The overall performances, including spatial resolution, momentum resolution and secondary vertices reconstruction efficiency, etc. satisfy the requirements of BESⅢ experiment.     

Track reconstruction using the TSF method for the BESm main drift chamber

We describe the algorithm to reconstruct the charged tracks for BESⅢmain drift chamber at BEPCⅡ,including the track finding and fitting.With a new method of the Track Segment Finder(TSF), the results of present study indicate that the algorithm can reconstruct the charged tracks over a wide range of momentum with high efficiency,while improving the robustness against the background noise in the drift chamber.The overall performances,including spatial resolution,momentum resolution and secondary vertices reconstruction efficiency,etc.satisfy the requirements of BESⅢexperiment.     

High resolution solar soft X-ray spectrometer

A high resolution solar soft X-ray spectrometer (SOX) payload onboard a satellite is developed. A silicon drift detector (SDD) is adopted as the detector of the SOX spectrometer. The spectrometer consists of the detectors and their readout electronics, a data acquisition unit and a payload data handling unit. A ground test system is also developed to test SOX. The test results show that the design goals of the spectrometer system have been achieved.     

Study of BESⅢ MUC offline software with cosmic-ray data

Cosmic-ray data of 90 M events have been collected and used for calibration,alignment as well as detector tuning. A special tracking algorithm for the BESⅢ muon counter is developed and verified with Monte-Carlo simulation and then further confirmed with the cosmic-ray data. The obtained strip resolutions are in good agreement with the design values. A new alignment approach for the BESⅢ muon counter is confirmed with the cosmic-ray data and proposed to be used in future analysis of experimental data.     

Studies of dE/dx measurements with the BESⅢ

The Beijing Spectrometer Ⅲ（BESⅢ）is a general-purpose detector used for the study of τ-charm physics at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider Ⅱ（BEPC Ⅱ）.This paper presents our studies of the dE/dx measurement in the drift chamber of BESⅢ,which is important for the identification of charged particles.Corrections applied to the dE/dx measurement in data reconstruction are discussed.After our current dE/dx calibration,a resolution of about 6% has been obtained for minimum ionization particles,and a 3σ K/πseparation is obtained for momenta up to 760 MeV/c.These results meet the design goals of the BESⅢ drift chamber.     

Tuning of RF amplitude and phase for the drift tube linac in J-PARC

The J-PARC linac has three DTL tanks to accelerate the negative hydrogen ions from 3 MeV to 50 MeV. The RF phase and amplitude are adjusted for each cavity with a phase scan method within the accuracy of 1° in phase and 1% in amplitude. The experimental results show a remarkable agreement with the numerical model within a suffcient margin in the tuning of the last two DTL tanks. However,a notable discrepancy between the experiment and the numerical model is seen in the tuning of the first DTL tank. After studying with a three-dimensional multi-particle simulation,the generation of the low energy component and the pronounced filamentation are identified as the main causes of the discrepancy. The optimization of the tuning scheme is also discussed to attain the tuning goal accuracy for the first DTL tank.     

BESⅢ track fitting algorithm

A track fitting algorithm based on the Kalman filter method has been developed for BESⅢ of BEPCⅡ. The effects of multiple scattering and energy loss when the charged particles go through the detector, non-uniformity of magnetic field （NUMF） and wire sag, etc., have been carefully handled. This algorithm works well and the performance satisfies the physical requirements tested by the simulation data.     

Software alignment of the BESⅢ main drift chamber using the Kalman Filter method

Software alignment is quite important for a tracking detector to reach its ultimate position accuracy and momentum resolution. We developed a new alignment algorithm for the BESⅢ Main Drift Chamber using the Kalman Filter method. Two different types of data which are helix tracks and straight tracks are used to test this algorithm, and the results show that the design and implementation is successful.     

Theoretical Study on Drift of Ca^2＋ Spiral Waves Controlled by Electric Field

Based on the Tang-Othmer Ca^2＋ model, the drift behavior of intracellular Ca^2＋ spiral waves under the influence of weak electric field is investigated. Numerical results show that the dependence of drift velocity of the spiral tip on dc electric field is similar to experimental observations in BZ system. When an ac electric field is applied, interesting resonant-drift phenomenon is observed with ω=2ω0. All results can be explained analytically using a proximate method.     

Tuning of the cosmic-ray test system of the BESⅢ drift chamber

The BESⅢ drift chamber and its subsystems need a cosmic-ray test after the chamber construction to check the chamber construction quality,testing the joint operation of the whole system and the performance of the chamber.The noise performance,drift time and charge measurements,and the scanning of channels were examined specifically.The preliminary results of the test indicate that the whole system works well.     

Cosmic-Ray Modulation: an Ab Initio Approach

A better understanding of cosmic-ray modulation in the heliosphere can only be gained through a proper understanding of the effects of turbulence on the diffusion and drift of cosmic rays. We present an ab initio model for cosmic-ray modulation, incorporating for the first time the results yielded by a two-component turbulence transport model. This model is solved for periods of minimum solar activity, utilizing boundary values chosen so that model results are in fair to good agreement with spacecraft observations of turbulence quantities, not only in the solar ecliptic plane but also along the out-of-ecliptic trajectory of the Ulysses spacecraft. These results are employed as inputs for modelled slab and 2D turbulence energy spectra. The latter spectrum is chosen based on physical considerations, with a drop-off at the very lowest wavenumbers commencing at the 2D outerscale. There currently exist no models or observations for this quantity, and it is the only free parameter in this study. The modelled turbulence spectra are used as inputs for parallel mean free path expressions based on those derived from quasi-linear theory and perpendicular mean free paths from extended nonlinear guiding center theory. Furthermore, the effects of turbulence on cosmic-ray drifts are modelled in a self-consistent way, employing a recently developed model for drift along the wavy current sheet. The resulting diffusion coefficients and drift expressions are applied to the study of galactic cosmic-ray protons and antiprotons using a three-dimensional, steady-state cosmic-ray modulation code, and sample solutions in fair agreement with multiple spacecraft observations are presented.     

New Exact Periodic Solitary-Wave Solutions for New （2＋1）-Dimensional KdV Equation

The extended homoclinic test function method is a kind of classic, efficient and well-developed method to solve nonlinear evolution equations. In this paper, with the help of this approach, we obtain new exact solutions （including kinky periodic solitary-wave solutions, periodic soliton solutions, and cross kink-wave solutions） for the new （2＋1）-dimensional KdV equation. These results enrich the variety of the dynamics of higher-dimensionai nonlinear wave field.