近场拉盖尔-高斯光束传输参数的双缝干涉测量实验

拉盖尔-高斯(Laguerre-Gaussian,LG)光束具有轨道角动量,分析近场条件下LG光束通过含光阑光学系统传输的解析公式,对不同阶LG光束通过双缝时双缝间的相位差变化进行了计算。利用计算机生成叉形衍射光栅显示在空间光调制器上,基模高斯光束产生衍射,得到不同阶次LG涡旋光束,通过CCD采集LG空心光束的光斑及双缝干涉后的图样,实现对LG光束传输轨道角动量特性的实验测量。在确定光束束径下,分析了叉形衍射光栅密度、空心光束宽度半径比、双缝宽度等参数对双缝干涉条纹的影响,在距离激光器1m处的SLM上显示4mm×5mm叉形衍射光栅,光栅密度约为16lines/mm,可产生暗斑尺寸在0.5mm~0.9mm之间、宽度半径比为0.2的LG空心光束。LG光束通过双缝宽度0.2mm,双缝间距0.5mm的光栅,可以得到清晰的干涉条纹。研究结果为近场光通信中利用光学涡旋轨道角动量编码信息提供了理论依据。     

产生拉盖尔-高斯模的全息光栅实验研究

拉盖尔-高斯（Laguerre-Gaussian,LG）模是光子的轨道角动量本征态,它在未来的光镊、量子信息和计算等领域有潜在的应用价值。分别用两种记录介质-全息干板和喷墨透明胶片-制作了全息光栅。通过这种全息光栅在实验上产生了拓扑数从一阶到高阶的拉盖尔-高斯模,同时观察到高阶模的空间不稳定特性。并且详细讨论了光栅制作过程中的各种控制参量如曝光时间及强度对光栅衍射效率的影响。     

利用振幅光栅生成拉盖尔-高斯光束的实验研究

拉盖尔高斯(Laguerre-Gaussian,LG)光束由于其独特的相位结构和轨道角动量特性在微粒旋转操纵和信息处理等方面得到了越来越多的重视.对利用振幅型叉状衍射光栅产生LG光束进行了理论分析,采用计算全息图的方法制作了振幅型叉状衍射光栅,实验上获得了角量子数为±1的LG光束,并对光束变换过程中影响光束特性的主要因素进行了讨论. 关键词： 信息光学 拉盖尔高斯光束 计算全息光栅 光束轨道角动量     

利用振幅光栅生成拉盖尔、高斯光束的实验研究

拉盖尔高斯(Laguerre-Gaussian，LG)光束由于其独特的相位结构和轨道角动量特性在微粒旋转操纵和信息处理等方面得到了越来越多的重视.对利用振幅型叉状衍射光栅产生LG光束进行了理论分析，采用计算全息图的方法制作了振幅型叉状衍射光栅，实验上获得了角量子数为±1的LG光束，并对光束变换过程中影响光束特性的主要因素进行了讨论.     

光学总论

光学概论O432007032001相反拓扑指数的Laguerre-Gaussian模的产生和模间相互作用的实验研究=Experi mental investigation of interac-tion of two Laguerre-Gaussian modes carrying opposite to-pological charges[刊,中]/张晓波(中国科学技术大学物理系.安徽,合肥(230026)),张巍…//物理学报.?2007,56(1).?213-217实验研究了带有相反拓扑指数的Laguerre-Gaussian(LG)模间的相互作用,发现含有相反拓扑指数的两个LG模在传播过程中其光场发生变化,观察到随着传播距离的增加,两个LG模的中心位相奇点会逐渐连成为一个弧形暗线形状。实验…     

相反拓扑指数的Laguerre-Gaussian模的产生和模间相互作用的实验研究

实验研究了带有相反拓扑指数的Laguerre-Gaussian(LG)模间的相互作用，发现含有相反拓扑指数的两个LG模在传播过程中其光场发生变化，观察到随着传播距离的增加，两个LG模的中心位相奇点会逐渐连成为一个弧形暗线形状.实验上验证了带有相反拓扑指数的光学涡流中的螺旋位错在传播过程中会演变为边位错这一理论结果.     

球面波干涉法测量拉盖尔-高斯光的轨道角动量

采用球面波的拉盖尔-高斯光(LG光)和平面波的基模高斯光干涉的方法 ,可观察到多叶螺旋的干涉图样,螺旋的叶数即是LG光的拓扑荷数,由拓扑荷数可知光子的轨道角动量.利用涡旋相位片产生拓扑荷数1～8的LG光,研究了光强比和偏振条件对干涉图样的影响.为获得高对比度的干涉图样,要求LG光和高斯光的偏振方向相同并且光强基本相等.球面波干涉法用于测量LG光的轨道角动量简单直观,与干涉光强空间分布的细节无关,因此对光强扰动和背景噪声不敏感.     

光子晶体光纤布拉格光栅传输谱特性的分析

研究光子晶体光纤中光纤光栅的传输谱特性对于研制基于光子晶体光纤的光纤光栅器件有着重要的意义。结合耦合模理论和光束传输相关函数方法,对一种典型光子晶体光纤中的布拉格光栅(FBG)传输谱进行了理论分析。比较了光子晶体光纤中布拉格光栅与常规布拉格光栅的传输谱。数值分析了光纤截面结构变化对于光栅传输谱的影响,并给出这种影响的定性解释。计算结果显示,与常规光纤光栅相比,包层模共振引起的损耗峰与正反向纤芯模耦合引起的损耗峰可以相比拟,而包层模共振的间隔也比常规光纤中光纤光栅的包层模共振间隔要大。同时给出了晶体光纤截面上空气孔的占空比,空气孔的排布层数对于传输谱影响的规律。     

高双折射光子晶体光纤中均匀布拉格光栅的特性

研究了具有高双折射的光子晶体光纤(HB PCF)中均匀布拉格光栅(FBG)的光谱特性。利用紧凑的超格子模型,对光子晶体光纤的传输特性进行分析,研究正向传输和反向传输的模式之间的耦合规律,从而研究写入光子晶体光纤中的均匀布拉格光栅的特性。首先给出具有C6v对称性的零双折射光子晶体光纤中光纤布拉格光栅的布拉格波长λB随光纤结构参量的变化规律;然后分析一种高双折射光子晶体光纤中的光纤布拉格光栅的光谱特性,高双折射使两个不同偏振态的反射峰分开较大;最后分析了一种常用的双模双折射光子晶体光纤中光纤布拉格光栅的光谱特性,LP01模和LPe11模的两个偏振态对应的反射谱都由于高双折射而分开。     

一种基于结构性改变的光子晶体光纤光栅理论研究

对一种新型基于结构性改变的光子晶体光纤光栅原理进行了研究.采用多极法分析了结构性改变对折射率的影响,得到有效折射率与包层气孔塌缩之间的关系,建立了结构性改变光子晶体光纤光栅模型.利用耦合模理论对所成光栅性能进行了分析,重点研究了包层空气孔层数、空气孔占空比、气孔塌缩程度对光栅谐振波长、带宽的影响.研究结果表明,光子晶体...     

Synthesis of Co(II) Complex with Hexamethylenetetramine Using Jet Milling and Its Influence on the Thermal Performance of Poly(l-lactic acid)

Cobalt(II)-hexamethylenetetramine (Co(II)-HMTA) complex was prepared using jet milling. Elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that the structure of the Co(II)-HMTA complex was Co(HMTA)₂Cl₂·6H₂O (LG). The influence of LG on the thermal performance of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) was investigated. Isothermal crystallization behavior and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) results of PLLA/LG showed that LG could improve the crystallization performance of PLLA; 1% LG caused the half time of overall crystallization (t_1/2) of PLLA to decrease from 96.5 min to a minimum value 3.8 min at 100°C. However, the isothermal crystallization kinetics of PLLA/LG described using the Avrami equation and XRD analysis indicated that the isothermal crystallization temperature and the LG concentration significantly affected the isothermal crystallization process of PLLA. In particular, 0.3% LG caused the intensity of the X-ray crystal diffraction peaks of PLLA to decrease with an increase of isothermal crystallization time after increasing for the first 5 min. The thermal decomposition analysis of PLLA/LG showed that the onset decomposition temperature of PLLA with a small amount of LG was higher than that of the neat PLLA and PLLA with a high concentration LG.     

Average intensity and spectral shifts of a partially coherent standard or elegant Laguerre-Gaussian beam beyond paraxial approximation

With the help of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, an analytical formula for the spectral density of a nonparaxial polychromatic partially coherent (NPPC) standard or elegant Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam propagating through free space is derived. The evolution properties of the intensity distribution of a NPPC standard or elegant LG beam are studied numerically. It is found that the behavior of the intensity distribution of the NPPC standard or elegant LG beam is determined by the initial beam parameters (i.e., beam waist size, spatial coherence width and beam orders). Furthermore, we also study the influence of the initial beam parameters on the spectral change of a NPPC standard or elegant LG beam upon propagation in free space. It is shown that the on-axis spectral shift of a NPPC standard LG beam is almost the same with that of a NPPC elegant LG beam when the initial beam parameters of two type beams are identical. However, the difference between the off-axis spectral shift between a NPPC standard LG beam and a NPPC elegant LG beam is enhanced with the decrease of beam waist size or with the increase of spatial coherence width and beam mode orders.     

Field properties and vacuum electron acceleration in a laser beam of high-order Laguerre–Gaussian mode

The electric field intensity distribution and the phase velocity distribution of high-order Laguerre–Gaussian (LGρ?) mode laser beams are analyzed. Using three-dimensional test particle simulation, the numerical results of electrons accelerated by LG00, LG40 and LG41 mode laser beams are presented. Compared with the LG00 mode (the fundamental mode) laser beam, low-energy injection electrons can be more favorably accelerated in a high-order LG mode laser beam. Contrary to anticipation, a high-order LG mode laser beam with intense axial electric field distribution is inferior to the LG00 mode in capture acceleration for electrons with high injection energy.     

Raman spectroscopy study of twisted tetralayer graphene

We present a systematic Raman study of twisted tetralayer graphene (t(2 + 2)LG), under excitation of two laser lines. In t(2 + 2)LG samples, top Bernal stacked bilayer graphene (2LG stands for Bernal‐stacked bilayer graphene) twists different angle relative to bottom 2LG. It is found that 2D and 2D′ peaks of t(2 + 2)LG show positive wavenumber shift relative to those of 2LG. We propose a simplified electronic band structure for t(2 + 2)LG; interlayer interaction‐induced changing in electronic band structure can be used to understand the aforementioned spectral features. The electronic structures of t(2 + 2)LG samples are then probed from resonant Raman studies of 2D and 2D′ peaks using two laser lines; electronic dispersions in t(2 + 2)LG samples are given. Our study facilitates understanding of twist angle‐dependent electronic properties of tetralayer graphene superlattice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss mode generation and interferometry for gravitational wave detectors

We report on the first experimental demonstration of higher-order Laguerre-Gauss (LG(p)(?)) mode generation and interferometry using a method scalable to the requirements of gravitational wave (GW) detection. GW detectors which use higher-order LG(p)(?) modes will be less susceptible to mirror thermal noise, which is expected to limit the sensitivity of all currently planned terrestrial detectors. We used a diffractive optic and a mode-cleaner cavity to convert a fundamental LG(0)(0) Gaussian beam into an LG(3)(3) mode with a purity of 98%. The ratio between the power of the LG(0)(0) mode of our laser and the power of the LG(3)(3) transmitted by the cavity was 36%. By measuring the transmission of our setup using the LG(0)(0), we inferred that the conversion efficiency specific to the LG(3)(3) mode was 49%. We illuminated a Michelson interferometer with the LG(3)(3) beam and achieved a visibility of 97%.     

Effect of Comatic Aberration on the Propagation Characteristics of Laguerre--Gaussian Beams

Seidel comatic aberration is an important cause of deformation for a Laguerre--Gaussian (LG) beam. In addition, mono-axial comatic aberration, whose phase modulation depends only on one transverse coordinate, is also an important cause of beam deformation. Deformation of an LG beam by such aberrations is analyzed through numerical simulation based on the angular spectrum method. It is also shown that for holographically generated LG beams quadratic spatial variation of grating pitch can produce seidel and mono-axial comatic aberrations. An example of an experimentally generated LG beam with mono-axial comatic aberration is reported.     

Quadrant detector calibration for vortex beams

This Letter reports an experimental and theoretical study of the response of a quadrant detector (QD) to an incident vortex beam, specifically a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam. We have found that the LG beam response depends on the vorticity index ?. We compare LG beams with hard-ringed beams and find that at higher ? values, the QD response to LG beams can be approximated by its response to hard-ringed beams. Our findings are important in view of the increasing interest in optical vortex beams.     

Rectangular hard-edged aperture diffracted Laguerre–Gaussian beams

Based on the relations between Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) and Hermite–Gaussian (HG) modes and by introduced the complex Gaussian expansion method for two dimensional rectangular aperture, the approximate analytical propagation expressions of the rotational symmetrical LG beams along with their even and odd modes through a paraxial ABCD optical system with rectangular hard-edged aperture are derived. As special cases of the results, the corresponding closed-forms of the circular aperture diffracted LG beams and non-truncated LG beams are also given. Numerical examples are given to prove the validity of this approximate analytical method and illustrate the propagation properties of the rectangular hard-edged aperture diffracted LG beams.     

Thermally stable optical cavities for Zeeman laser gyroscopes

The problem of increasing the working time of a Zeeman laser gyroscope (LG) without any discontinuities in the output data is considered. It is proposed to solve it using materials with very small linear temperature expansion coefficients in the LG design and apply piezoelectric correctors with passive temperature compensation. Numerous experimental studies of the perimeter drift have been performed for different Zeeman LG samples. The linear temperature expansion coefficients of the material of LG single blocks have been carried out, and the piezoelectric corrector design has been improved.