反胶束软模板法合成PANI/TiO2纳米棒复合材料及其性能研究

以阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)形成的反胶束为模板,制备了一系列不同纳米TiO2含量的PANI/TiI2纳米复合材料.利用FTIR,UV-Vis,TG,TEM和荧光光谱等方法对产物进行了结构表征和性能研究.探讨了反胶束体系中PANI/TiO2复合纳米棒形成的自组装机理.结果表明:复合材料主要为直径30～40 nm,长约400 nm的PANI/TiO2复合纳米棒,二氧化钛纳米粒子与聚苯胺大分子之间存在强的相互作用,并对复合材料的热稳定性起到提高作用,PANI/TiO2纳米复合材料在紫外和可见光区域均有吸收,并在416 nm处激发产生荧光,荧光强度随着掺杂TiO2含量的提高得到了较大的增强.通过PANI/TiO2纳米棒复合材料中的激子离化和电荷传输过程探讨了PANI/TiO2的荧光量子效率和荧光强度增加的机理.     

金纳米颗粒等离激元对不同形貌氧化锌薄膜发光性能的调控

采用化学气相沉积法制备了纳米棒状的氧化锌纳米结构薄膜和没有纳米棒的氧化锌薄膜,通过直流溅射在所制备的有纳米棒和没有纳米棒的氧化锌薄膜上淀积约3 nm厚的金纳米颗粒薄膜,研究了金纳米颗粒对不同表面形貌氧化锌薄膜的发光特性的影响。实验发现金纳米颗粒的存在使具有纳米棒的氧化锌薄膜的紫外发射增强,但使来自缺陷的可见光发射受到很大的抑制。通过比较有纳米棒和没有纳米棒的氧化锌薄膜在镀金纳米颗粒前后的发光特性,发现金表面等离激元对氧化锌发光的调控取决于氧化锌的表面形貌,纳米棒的存在更有利于金纳米颗粒等离激元调控氧化锌的发光特性。     

一维氧化锌纳米结构生长及器件制备研究进展

介绍了一维氧化锌(ZnO)纳米结构的形态(纳米线和纳米带等)及其特点,阐述了该结构生长及器件制备的方法,例如水热法和化学气相沉积法等. 概述了该结构在发光二极管和纳米发电机等方面的应用进展. 最后,对一维ZnO纳米结构的未来发展趋势进行了展望,并在新方法和新工艺等方面提出了一些建议. 关键词： ZnO 一维纳米结构 制备方法 光电子器件     

网络状表面结构纳米氧化锌的发光特性

为研究表面形貌对微纳结构氧化锌晶体光学特性的影响,利用气相传输法制备了一种具有特殊表面结构的纳米氧化锌颗粒状样品.应用X射线衍射谱、电子能量散射谱和扫描电镜等对样品结构和形貌进行了分析,结果表明样品具有三种层次结构组成的网络状表面形貌；室温下以波长355 nm激光激发样品,观察到紫外峰明显被抑制的发光谱.基于样品表面周...     

不同烧蚀条件下飞秒激光脉冲诱导ZnO纳米结构研究

烧蚀条件对飞秒激光脉冲诱导氧化锌纳米结构有重要影响.研究了800 nm,150 fs,250 kHz的飞秒激光脉冲分别在空气中,去离子水中以及无水乙醇中垂直聚焦于氧化锌晶体表面,诱导形成不同形态的纳米结构.实验结果表明,在空气中利用飞秒激光脉冲辐照样品表面,形成了周期为180 nm的纳米线;在去离子水中辐照诱导形成了由氧化锌纳米线聚集而成的"纳米球";在无水乙醇中形成出现分叉结构的纳米线.拉曼光谱分析辐照前后晶体晶相结果表明,形成的纳米结构相对于辐照前特征峰437 cm-1强度有所下降,在570 cm-1处的峰值则显著增强.分析了在各种烧蚀条件下诱导形成纳米结构的演化过程以及物理机理.     

类椭球氧化锌纳米结构的制备与表征

"用普通氧化锌晶须作为原材料, 采用高压釜腐蚀法和高温(600 ℃)裂解结合的方法合成纳米棒构成的氧化锌类椭球结构．XRD、SEM和TEM结果表明这种类椭球结构是单晶的,纳米棒取向一致,自组装生长而成．"     

镱铥共掺杂的氟化镧纳米粒子的亮蓝色上转换发光

采用反胶束法合成镱铥共掺杂的氟化镧纳米粒子.这种反胶束是由微乳液作为合成媒介,这些分散的纳米粒子在化学成分、尺寸分布上是可控的.产物形貌经场发射扫描电镜和透射电镜表征.固态样品分散在乙醇中,在未经超声处理时,样品表现为玉米棒样的聚集.棒的平均直径和长度分别为110,575nm.我们认为这种大量纳米粒子聚集成良好超结构是由于溶剂挥发,分子交叉链接或者表面活性剂分子附着于纳米粒子特殊晶面造成的.当样品经过超声处理后,由于超声振动破坏了上述因素,玉米棒形貌的聚集体转为大量纳米粒子.单个粒子的高分辨电镜显示出该纳米粒子的单晶结构.并且晶面间距约为0.366nm,与纯氟化镧六角相[002]晶面相一致.样品在300℃退火30min后的透射电镜照片显示纳米粒子的平均直径大约为35nm,这与XRD结果相吻合.并且,这些纳米粒子表现出了良好的单分散性,并且在978nm二极管激发下,纳米粒子呈现出亮蓝色上转换发光,这种上转换荧光粉在光电子或生物检测中有潜在的应用前景.     

尺寸相关的CdS纳米颗粒的拉曼散射特性

采用反胶束法,合成了具有不同尺寸的CdS纳米颗粒。利用透射电镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电镜(HR-TEM)以及紫外-可见光吸收谱(UV/vis)对这些纳米颗粒的结构特性进行了表征和分析。利用拉曼光谱仪测量了这些具有不同尺寸的CdS纳米颗粒的拉曼特性。研究结果表明：当纳米颗粒尺寸小于一定值时,拉曼峰出现了蓝移,大于一定值时出现了红移,这些不同的结果是与纳米颗粒的尺寸效应以及纳米颗粒结构中具有各向异性的电子－声子耦合作用有关。     

溶胶凝胶合成锰掺杂ZnO的室温磁性行为

通过溶胶凝胶自燃法合成锰掺杂氧化锌纳米晶体, 研究了Mn掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体(简称DMS)的性质．X射线衍射光谱表明,锰掺杂氧化锌保留纤锌矿型状氧化锌六角晶体结构．采用能量色散X射线能谱和扫描电子显微镜分别对成分和形态进行研究．温度依赖的电阻率显示了DMS的半导体材料行为．振动样品磁强计测定的室温磁性行为,揭示了锰掺杂氧化锌的铁磁性和反磁性特性.     

压电式纳米发电机的原理和潜在应用

纤锌矿结构氧化锌纳米线具有半导体性能和压电效应。用导电的原子力显微镜探针针尖去弯曲竖直生长的氧化锌纳米线，在纳米线的内部和外部分别造成压缩和拉伸，这种独特结构导致了弯曲纳米线的内外表面产生反极性的极化电荷，借助半导体性质的氧化锌纳米线和其金属尖部的肖特基势垒将电能暂时储存在氧化锌纳米线内，并可用导电的原子力显微镜探针接通这一电源，向外界输电，从而完美地实现了在纳米尺度上把机械能转化为电能。该纳米发电机的发电效率可以达到17％-30％，此项重要的科学发现将为自发电式纳米器件奠定物理基础。文章介绍了它的工作原理和潜在应用。     

Controlled hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanostructures by sequestering the Zn metal ions with the chelating agent EDTA

In the present work, a controlled growth of ZnO nanostructures by manipulating Zn metal ion concentration by the chelating action of ethylene diaminetetra acetic acid in hydrothermal method is studied. EDTA produces metal–chelate complex by the formation of bidentate ligand with Zn²⁺ in the solution and diminishes the reactivity of Zn metal cations. Concentration of EDTA in the mother solution was varied in different ranges like 3, 5 and 10 mM while retaining the zinc metal salt and the NaOH concentration the same. Three different morphologies of wurtzite structured ZnO nanostructures such as nanorods-bunch, separate/discrete uniformly sized hexagonal nanorods and tapered flower petals like shapes are achieved by 3, 5 and 10 mM strengths of EDTA, respectively. The medium concentration 5 mM of EDTA is found to have moderate control over producing ZnO nanostructures of uniform diameter and a high aspect (length to diameter) ratio. An array of vertically aligned free standing ZnO nanorods with uniform spacing is successfully achieved by the addition of 5 mM of EDTA in the mother solution and the same is studied for its fluorescence property at an excitation of 325 nm and it has exhibited a characteristic UV emission of ZnO around 383 nm.     

Growth mechanism and characterization of zinc oxide microcages

We report the growth mechanism and structural properties of micrometer sized ZnO cages which were synthesized directly from Zn vapor deposition and oxidation. The ZnO microcages exhibit a hexagonal or spherical shape with partly or completely open surfaces and hollow interiors. The growth process of the microcages includes the deposition of Zn polyhedral particles, top face breaking of the Zn particles and Zn sublimation, and subsequent reaction to ZnO. By controlling the various growth stages, we obtained information on the growth mechanism of the ZnO cages, which appears to be different from a mechanism reported previously. The chemical composition and crystalline structure were studied using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The room-temperature photoluminescence spectrum indicates a large quantity of oxygen-vacancy related defects within the wall of the ZnO cages.     

Piezoelectric film electro-deposition for optical fiber sensor with ZnO coating

The piezoelectric film electro-deposition for optical fiber sensor with ZnO coating is studied. The zinc oxide plating film is made on the copper surface directly by cathodic electro-deposition in the Zn(NO3)2 single salt aqueous solution systems. The influences of main experimental conditions on the properties of ZnO thin film in the electro-deposition processes are analyzed and a stable, practical and economic technique is obtained.     

ZnO/cubic (Mg,Zn)O radial nanowire heterostructures

The formation and properties of radial heteroepitaxial ZnO/(Mg,Zn)O nanowires is reported in which the (Mg,Zn)O is cubic. Synthesis is achieved via a catalyst-driven molecular beam epitaxy technique. The nanowires were grown on Ag-coated Si substrates at growth temperatures ranging from T_g=300 to 500 °C, using Zn, Mg, and O₃/O₂ as the reactive flux. Structural and compositional analyses indicate that the core of the nanowire is ZnO possessing the hexagonal wurtzite structure, with the (Mg,Zn)O sheath assuming the cubic rock salt structure. Since (Mg,Zn)O has a larger band-gap energy (up to 7.8 eV) than that of ZnO (3.37 eV), these radial heterostructure nanorods provide an interesting system for quantum confinement and one-dimensional nanoscale device studies. PACS 81.05.Dz; 81.07.Vb     

Phase transfer of Au nanoparticles using one chemical inducer: DDAB

Au nanoparticles in aqueous medium were transferred to organic solution via a remarkably simple one-step route under the effect of phase transfer inducer dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB). The feature of our method is that only one reagent (DDAB) was added purposely for the phase transfer. This is different from the literatures, where two reagents were used for the phase transfer of Au nanoparticles. One is an Au nanoparticle stabilizer; the other is a phase transfer agent. The effect of the inducer DDAB concentration was checked, and it was found that the optimum concentration of DDAB was 1 × 10⁻⁵ mol dm⁻³ for phase transfer of Au nanoparticles. The organosol, Au nanoparticle, and phase transfer were characterized by UV–vis spectra, TEM, EDS, ED, and FT-IR. Molecular structure of quaternary ammonium salt was used to explain the unique effect of DDAB for the phase transfer of nanoparticles.     

Ag掺杂氧化锌纳米材料的制备及高压相变拉曼光谱研究

宽禁带直接带隙半导体材料氧化锌（ZnO）,具有优异的光电性能、机械性能和化学特性。ZnO材料的结构对其性能影响较大,元素掺杂可改变ZnO晶体结构和带隙宽度,是提升ZnO材料性能的有效手段,当前常用Ag掺杂ZnO即为提高光催化反应效率。高压独立于温度、成分,是调控材料结构组织性能的重要手段,是产生新材料、发现新调控原理的重要因素。该研究通过对比纯ZnO晶体和Ag掺杂ZnO晶体的高压相变行为,揭示了元素掺杂对ZnO纳米晶体材料结构性能的影响。研究首先采用水热法辅助制备纯ZnO纳米微球和Ag掺杂ZnO纳米微球（1∶150Ag/ZnO）,表征结果显示水热法合成的纯ZnO和1∶150Ag/ZnO均为六角纤锌矿晶体结构,形貌均为几十纳米尺寸小颗粒堆积形成的微球,ZnO晶格常数随着Ag离子掺杂而变大,Ag掺杂导致ZnO晶格膨胀。随后应用金刚石压腔结合原位拉曼光谱技术测定了纯ZnO和Ag掺杂ZnO的高压结构相变行为。相比于纯ZnO拉曼峰,Ag掺杂ZnO的E₂（high）振动模式439 cm-1拉曼峰峰宽变窄,并呈现向低频方向移动的趋势,与无定形ZnO谱峰相近,表明Ag+取代Zn2+影响了Zn-O键,同时也影响了ZnO晶格结构的长程有序性。随体系压力增大,表征六角纤锌矿结构ZnO的拉曼特征峰439 cm-1出现瞬间弱化和宽化。压力增大至9.0 GPa时,纤锌矿结构ZnO拉曼特征峰439 cm-1消失,585 cm-1处出现新峰,ZnO晶体发生由六角纤锌矿向岩盐矿的结构转变。压力继续增大至11.5 GPa,新的拉曼峰显著增强,峰形变窄,同时向高波数方向移动,相变完成,岩盐矿结构ZnO性能稳定。1∶150 Ag/ZnO从六角纤锌矿结构到立方岩盐结构的相变压力为7.2 GPa,低于纯ZnO。相变压力降低表明晶体结构稳定性下降,可能的原因在于掺杂Ag导致ZnO晶格膨胀,晶体结构松弛,两相相对体积变化增加,从而导致相变势垒降低,使样品在较低压力下发生相变。纳米材料的高压研究揭示了元素掺杂对材料结构稳定性的影响,是纳米材料调控原理的潜在研究手段。     

掺铕纳米氧化锌的制备及其发光性质

以尿素为沉淀剂，与可溶性硝酸锌、硝酸铕反应制备纳米晶ZnO:Eu3+³⁺，通 过x射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜对纳米粒子的组成、结构、形貌及尺寸进行了分析和测定.研究 结果表明，制得的纳米粒子粒度均匀，粒径分布窄，最小粒径为8nm.详细研究了不同制备 方法、不同掺杂浓度及不同粒度等对ZnO:Eu3+³⁺发光性质的影响.为探讨纳米 掺杂材料的制备技术及发光方面的应用提供了可行的方法. 关键词： 光致发光 3+')" href="#">纳米晶ZnO:Eu3+³⁺ 均匀沉淀法     

Effect of surface ZnO coatings on oxidation and thermal stability of zinc films

The effect of thin ZnO coatings grown on Zn films on further oxidation and thermal stability of Zn films deposited on Mo(110) substrate was in situ investigated under ultrahigh vacuum by photoelectron spectrometries and low-energy electron diffraction. The results indicated that ZnO layers formed by oxidizing Zn films had at least a thickness of 3–5 monolayers. Further oxidation of Zn films was confined by as-formed ZnO coatings due to a surface passivation. It was of advantage to explain the difficulty in growing low oxygen-deficient ZnO films. The surface ZnO coatings strongly enhanced the thermal stability of Zn films, which was useful for understanding the underlying application of Zn/ZnO materials, such as Zn/ZnO nanocables with Zn core and ZnO shell.     

ZnO:Zn荧光材料的光电子时间分辨谱和荧光光谱

采用微波吸收法,测量了ZnO及ZnO：Zn荧光粉末材料受到超短激光脉冲激发后其导带电子的衰减过程,并测量了室温下荧光材料的吸收光谱和发射光谱。发现ZnO材料的光电子寿命为64ns,而ZnO：Zn荧光材料的的光电子寿命为401ns。分析认为ZnO：Zn寿命的延长是由于材料中缺陷结构的增加导致电子在导带上的弛豫时间变长。     

Ag-doped ZnO nanorods synthesized by two-step method

A two-step method is adopted to synthesize Ag-doped ZnO nanorods.A ZnO seed layer is first prepared on a glass substrate by thermal decomposition of zinc acetate.Ag-doped ZnO nanorods are then assembled on the ZnO seed layer using the hydrothermal method.The influences of the molar percentage of Ag ions to Zn ions(RAg/Zn) on the structural and optical properties of the ZnO nanorods obtained are carefully studied using X-ray diffractometry,scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotometry.Results indicate that Ag ions enter into the crystal lattice through the substitution of Zn ions.The<002>c-axis-preferred orientation of the ZnO nanorods decreases as RAg/Zn increases.At RAg/Zn >1.0%,ZnO nanorods lose their c-axis-preferred orientation and generate Ag precipitates from the ZnO crystal lattice.The average transmissivity in the visible region first increases and then decreases as R Ag/Zn increases.The absorption edge is first blue shifted and then red shifted.The influence of Ag doping on the average head face,and axial dimensions of the ZnO nanorods may be optimized to improve the average transmissivity at RAg/Zn <1.0%.