皮秒双脉冲LA-LIBS对合金样品的微损元素分析

研究了基于一台皮秒Nd∶YAG激光器实现合金样品的双脉冲激光剥离-激光诱导击穿光谱(LALIBS)微损元素分析。实验采用低能量的532nm二倍频激光烧蚀并剥离出微量样品,然后采用较高能量的延时1064nm激光对剥离出的样品进行二次激发,以增强等离子体中的原子辐射强度和提高光谱检测灵敏度。实验分别研究了烧蚀激光脉冲和二次激发光脉冲的能量对信号强度的影响。在烧蚀激光脉冲能量为10μJ,二次激发光脉冲能量为2.5mJ的条件下,LA-LIBS中CuⅠ324.75nm原子谱线的强度与单脉冲LIBS相比改善了86倍,激光烧蚀坑洞的直径小于10μm。研究表明:基于一台皮秒Nd∶YAG激光器,采用双脉冲LA-LIBS技术可以较好地实现对固体样品的微损元素分析。该技术在贵重样品分析和高空间分辨的二维元素显微分析中具有一定的应用价值。     

几种消除蛋白质分子荧光方法的比较

对高荧光产率的蛋白质分子,用几种方法进行荧光猝灭实验以获取拉曼信号。如变换激发激光波长、以小功率激光长时间照射样品、以较大功率激光照射样品、表面增强拉曼散射及硝基苯萃取法,对此做了比较研究,发现消除牛血清白蛋白水溶液样品荧光的最佳方法是硝基苯萃取法,并给出由此得到的激光拉曼谱。     

激光诱导Ni等离子体特性的研究

以Nd·YAG激光器的二倍频输出作为激发源，获得了激光诱导Ni等离子体的发射光谱，基于发射光谱，对等离子体电子激发温度和电子密度进行了测量，其典型值分别为3 714 K，4.67×1016 cm-3。测量了等离子体电子激发温度和电子密度的空间分布，发现沿垂直于激光传播方向的径向，随到中心点距离的增加，等离子体辐射的强度减小，但线型和线宽不变，表明等离子体电子激发温度和电子密度沿径向均匀分布。沿激光传播方向，随到样品表面距离的增加，等离子体辐射强度、电子激发温度和电子密度先增加后降低，在距样品表面1.5 mm处，达到最大值。采用激光诱导击穿光谱技术进行相关探测时，收集距离样品表面1.5 mm处的发射谱，有利于提高探测灵敏度。     

SrCoO_(2.5)材料的超快应变动力学

光激发引起的物质晶格结构的动态变化是一个复杂的超快动力学过程.本文利用Thomsen模型与超快X射线衍射模拟相结合,研究了SrCoO_(2.5)晶格中应力产生和传播的过程,发现不同厚度的SrCoO_(2.5)样品在受激光照射加热后,其衍射峰会出现连续位移或分裂的现象,当样品厚度增大时,其受到激光的激发会较薄样品更不均匀,因此厚样品内部应变的产生和传播同样具有不均匀性,反映出激光激发空间的变化会导致样品热应力特征的改变,这也是不同厚度样品超快衍射信号存在差异的原因.本文有助于理解激光诱导的应变的产生与传播,为研究光激发钴基钙钛矿材料的超快晶格动力学提供了理论分析的依据.     

激光分子束外延方法生长的ZnO薄膜的发光特性

研究了不同温度和不同光激发强度下激光分子束外延方法生长的ZnO薄膜样品的发光性能,发现YAG脉冲激光激发,强度超过一定值时会在长波方向上出现一个新的发光峰,此峰可能起源于电子-空穴的复合。室温下氙灯激发的光谱中可以看到峰值位于381nm的近带边紫外发射峰和位于450nm的强的蓝绿带发射,根据光致发光激发光谱的特征给出了一个简单的蓝光发射模型。对比YAG脉冲激光激发和氙灯激发得到的实验光谱,我们认为不同的光谱特征和样品发光的激发机制有关,紫外峰发射需激发强度超过一定值才能观察到,而蓝带发射则在一定的激发强度下迅速饱和。     

基于共振激发的激光诱导击穿光谱技术研究进展

激光诱导击穿光谱技术是一种新型的原子光谱分析技术,具有实时快速、多元素同时分析和样品预处理简单等特点,从一出现便受到研究人员的广泛关注,但分析灵敏度差一直是限制该技术发展的重要因素。基于共振激发的激光诱导击穿光谱技术将原子荧光光谱技术和激光诱导击穿光谱技术结合,对目标元素进行选择性激发,可以大幅提高激光诱导击穿光谱技术的分析灵敏度,极大地拓展了LIBS技术在痕量元素检测领域的应用。本文综述了基于共振激发的激光诱导击穿光谱技术的研究进展,介绍了激光诱导等离子体中荧光光谱的产生过程以及基于共振激发的激光诱导击穿光谱技术的基本类型和基础原理,详细分析了烧蚀激光能量、共振激发激光能量和波长、烧蚀激光和共振激发激光之间的延时以及光谱采集门宽对光谱增强效果的影响,阐述了其在冶金、环境监测、同位素检测等领域的应用现状和存在的问题,并对其未来发展前景进行了展望。     

单脉冲飞秒脉冲激光对单层和高反光学薄膜的损伤

用电子束蒸发的方法在BK7玻璃上制备了ZrO2单层膜和ZrO2/SiO2高反膜,利用掺Ti:sapphire飞秒激光系统输出的中心波长为800 nm,脉宽为50 fs的激光脉冲对这两种样品进行了激光损伤阈值测试.实验结果表明,ZrO2单层膜的阈值比ZrO2/SiO2高反膜的高；这与传统的纳秒脉冲激光的损伤情况相反.利用光离化和碰撞离化激发电子到导带,形成电子等离子体基本模型并对此现象进行了解释.同时,用显微镜对样品的损伤形貌进行了观测,对损伤的特点进行了表征.     

激光诱导时间分辨固体表面荧光光谱系统

采用斜射式激发样品光路结构,设计了应用于测试时间分辨固体表面荧光光谱系统。利用该系统研究了氧化锌薄膜在355 nm激光脉冲激发下的时间分辨固体表面荧光光谱。结果表明,该系统能够实现测量时间分辨固体表面荧光光谱,并由此测量了样品的固体表面荧光寿命。该系统结构简单可靠,灵敏度高,响应速度快。     

纳秒脉冲激光诱导土壤等离子体辐射强度研究

为了改善激光诱导击穿光谱质量,采用Nd∶YAG激光器输出的纳秒脉冲激光激发土壤样品,由光栅光谱仪和光电检测系统记录激光诱导等离子体发射光谱,研究了激光输出能量(100～500mJ)对等离子体辐射强度的影响。实验结果表明,在激光能量为200mJ的优化条件下,可以提高光谱强度和信背比。当激光束被适当散焦以后激发样品时,能够进一步改善光谱质量,散焦位置为+6mm时元素Mg,Al,K和Fe的谱线强度比未散焦时分别提高了46%,63%,59%和45%,而光谱信背比分别提高了11%,31%,35%和38%。这为检测土壤样品中痕量杂质元素奠定了基础。     

可扩展到生物医药激光检测的新方法和新技术

可见光波段激光"多色多光子光谱技术"应用到生物样品方面可替代紫外光,因为紫外光容易将生物分子打成碎片而破坏生物分子.可见光波段的激光多色多光子有选择地多步激发同样可达到紫外光所激发的能级位置,甚至可达到更高的激发能位,并不破坏生物样品,分辨率、灵敏度、选择性和探测目标的准确性更高.用一束二倍频Nd:YAG激光(重复频率10次·s-1)同步泵浦三台脉冲可调谐染料激光器、含微通道板组件的飞行时间质谱仪、纳秒示波器和Boxcar等测量了UI的多色三光子共振光电离谱和高时间分辨激光光谱;文章多项创新点在于:首次用激光诱导量子布居的图型法,给出了在三色三光子共振光电离实验中单色和双色三光子共振光电离谱峰产生的原因;解决了如何避免产生单色和双色峰的问题,也就是解决了如何避免产生"假峰"的问题,使多色三光子共振光电离纯度显著提高;在此基础上,不仪将相距很近、能级位置仪差0.642 cm-1、很难分开的铀同位素A和B两个谱峰很好地分开了,而且分别测得了这两个能级的激发态寿命值等.此技术不仪限于铀光谱研究,更重要的是提供了它的通用性新信息.这项基础研究新方法和新技术可扩展到生物和医药样品激光检测和分析研究领域.     

Direct Analysis of Thallium in Solid Samples of Bovine Liver and Tomato Leaves by Laser Excited Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Using a Graphite Furnace

Laser excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LEAFS) with a N₂-laser pumped dye laser with a Shimadzu GFA-4A graphite furnace is used to determine thallium in solid samples of bovine liver and tomato leaves. The linear range for thallium under the studied conditions is 0–50 pg. The instrumental LEAFS detection limit for thallium was 100 fg. Solid samples from National Institute of Standards and Technology were analyzed by this method. The content of thallium in bovine liver and tomato leaves was 0.059 and 0.055 μg/g with relative standard deviation of 12.5% and 15.8% respectively; the results obtained are within the reported limit.     

Evaluation of a Continuous Flow Furnance Atomizer for Laser Excited Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

A system for continuous sample introduction into a ceramic atomization furnace for laser excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LEAFS) was developed. The system was evaluated using two different excitation sources, a nitrogen laser-pumped dye laser and a copper vapor laser-pumped dye laser. Pure aqueous Pb solutions were used for system optimization and analytical calibration curves. These curves were linear over at least three     

Lasers as Light Sources for Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

Abstract

Lasers have advantages compared to conventional light sources, which include high power, a monochromatic emission profile, stability, and rapid tuning across an atomic line. These advantages have resulted in superior analytical figures of merit and methods of background correction compared to conventional light sources. The most widely used lasers for atomic spectrometry include dye laser systems, optical parametric oscillator systems, and diode lasers. Three principal techniques employ lasers as light sources. Laser‐excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LEAFS) involves the use of laser light to excite atoms that emit fluorescence and serves as the analytical signal. Laser‐enhanced ionization (LEI) involves laser excitation of atoms to an excited state energy level at which collisional ionization occurs at a higher rate than from the ground state. Diode laser atomic absorption spectrometry (DLAAS) employs a DL as a source to excite atoms in an atom cell from the ground state to an excited state. The analytical signal is involves the ratio of the incident and transmitted beams. Recent applications of these techniques are discussed, including practical applications, hyphenated techniques employing laser‐induced plasmas, and work to characterize fundamental spectroscopic parameters.     

简化化学反应计算的当地自适应建表方法在PMSR中的应用

本文描述了一种减少化学反应计算时间的有效方法－当地自适应建表方法,对之做了改进,并计算了配对混合搅拌反应器（ＰＭＳＲ）的甲烷／空气非预混燃烧问题。结果表明在各种参数条件下,这种方法都能在保证精度的条件下节省两到三个量级的计算时间。     

[001]取向YAG激光棒的热致双折射效应

由于YAG的光弹张量和各向同性介质不同,所以热致双折射主轴方向一般不具备轴对称形式。对[001]取向的棒进行了具体计算。实验证实了计算的结果:连续运转或高重复率脉冲运转时,[001]取向棒的偏振光传输性能比[111]取向棒优越。在传输系数最大的偏振方向上,腔内放置起偏器的偏振激光输出也是最大。     

DEFORMATION MODES IN ORIENTED POLYMERS

To clarify an influence of intermolecular interaction on interfibrillar slip, a comparison study of creep at room temperature in loaded films and fibers built from macromolecules with different molecular structure (flexible and rigid chain) was carried out. These were ultimately drawn melt-crystallized and gel-crystallized ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) films and two commercial (poly)paraphenylene terephthalamide (PPTA) fibers, Kevlar 49 (DuPont) and Armos (JSC “Tverchimvolokno”). An extremely high flow creep rate inhomogeneity was observed in both UHMWPE samples, while creep in the fibers from the rigid-chain polymers developed monotonically. Real-time microscopic observations revealed generation of kink bands in loaded UHMWPE samples. No kinks were observed in Kevlar 49 and Armos. The deformation modes operating in the loaded samples are discussed.     

气相光声激光磁共振

提出了气相光声激光磁共振的新方法,并作了理论解释.分别在光强调制和激光腔频调制下,首次测到了NO₂的光声激光磁共振谱.其灵敏度很高,在低浓度和高气压下优点尤为明显.     

气相外延ZnSe单晶膜的自由激子发光

本文在77K和N2激光器3371谱线高密度激发的VPE ZnSe单晶膜上,首次得到了起因于自由激子与自由激子(Ex-Ex)散射的发光谱带(P带),理论拟合了该谱带的形状并讨论了它的发光特性。文中把在选择的VPE ZnSe外延单晶膜中得到P带的起因归结为这些ZnSe外延单晶膜的质量较高。     

FAR-INFRARED PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY MECHANISM ON SHALLOW IMPURITY IN GaAs

We report the far-infrared photoconductivity spectroscopy (FIRPCS) of the high purity n-GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) technique. The current-voltage (I-V) measurement and FIRPCS under different electric field strength have been performed on high purity n-GaAs at 4.2K. Except for photothermal ionization process, a new far-infrared photoconductivity (FIRPC) mechanism is observed. This photo ionization process is assisted by impact ionization and depends on external electric field. This new mechanism originates from photo-field ionization.     

成组设计在高功率激光装置中的应用

在高功率激光装置研制中首次引入成组技术概念,并以空间滤波器为例论证了在高功率激光装置的器件研制过程中实施成组设计的必要性和可行性最后讨论了计算机辅助成组设计系统(GTCAD)的组成和在高功率激光装置中具体实施过程.