互易性光学量对FMOCT输出光偏振态的联合影响

提出了用于大电流测量的法拉第镜式光学电流互感器方案.采用琼斯矩阵分析了互易性光学量联合作用对法拉第镜式光学电流互感器输出光偏振态的影响,做了计算机仿真验证；利用椭率概念定量分析了输出偏振光的椭圆退化问题,计算了输出光椭率与互易性光学量的关系；在输出光的椭圆退化问题上与单层保偏膜式光学电流互感器方案进行了对比.结果表明,在互易性光学量联合作用的条件下,法拉第镜式光学电流互感器的输出光仍保持线偏振状态,这将改善由温度引起的互易性光学量变化对系统工作稳定性的影响.     

保偏膜式光学玻璃电流传感头温度特性理论分析

用理论分析和计算机仿真的方法研究了环境温度变化导致的光源中心波长移动和传感头材料Verdet常量与应力双折射变化对光学电流互感器输出性能的影响.结果表明：环境温度由10℃变化到30℃时，归一化尺度因子降低了1.379%.其中光源中心波长随温度的变化对输出尺度因子的影响大于其他光学参量温度特性的影响.因此，在光学电流互感器设计中，必须采取必要的技术措施减小或补偿传感头温度特性对系统的不利影响.     

Faraday镜预转角对FMOCT输出光偏振态的影响

通过计算机仿真，运用琼斯矩阵理论分析了Faraday镜预转角对法拉第镜式光学电流互感器输出光偏振态的影响.实验测量了Faraday镜实际预转角的大小，测量了外磁场的改变对Faraday镜预转角的影响.外磁场的存在和变化使Faraday镜预转角偏离初始值，并使系统输出光由理想状态下的线偏振光退化成椭圆偏振光，并引起法拉第镜式光学电流互感器工作灵敏度和稳定性的下降.提出了用电磁屏蔽解决外界磁场影响的方法.     

便携式光纤电流互感器传感头设计

针对电解铝工业中大电流测量现场环境复杂的难题,在传统光纤电流互感器的基础上提出一种便携式光纤电流互感器.对设计安装过程中由于柔性传感头光路不闭合和导体偏心引起的法拉第相移误差进行分析和有限元仿真计算,结果表明:法拉第相移相对误差随传感头不闭合度角度线性增加,随导体到非闭合点的距离增大而减小,且增加传感头匝数能减小法拉第相移误差.由于便携式光纤电流互感器准确度随导体到非闭合点的距离增大而提高,设计了一种使传感头非闭合点向一端延伸且易拆装的结构,实验测试得到该便携式光纤电流互感器的全温准确度为0.86%,满足电解铝厂准确度1%的使用要求.     

虚拟光纤Sagnac干涉仪及其数模混合解调系统

解调算法在Sagnac干涉仪系统中占有重要地位.目前已经提出的一些数字开环解调算法在运算过程中时常会出现某些特殊相位点互相混淆的问题,这会导致系统输出错误的解调结果.在对特殊相位点的产生原理进行理论分析的基础上,设计了一种以集成电路芯片为核心的虚拟光纤Sagnac干涉仪系统.该系统可以便捷地解决使用光纤Sagnac干涉仪难以对特殊相位点进行检测的问题,同时,可以方便地判别解调系统在这些特殊相位点是否会发生错误解调.最后,利用该虚拟Sagnac干涉仪对一种数模混合解调系统进行了特殊相位点测试.并通过实验测得该虚拟光纤Sagnac干涉仪的标度因数为49.9°/V;标度因数的非线性度为0.167%,标度因数的不对称度为0.088062%,零漂小9.5265°/h.     

一种新型Sagnac式光纤电流传感器

为了消除震动对Sagnac式电流传感器测量结果的影响,提出一种光路改进方法来消除传感器对震动的敏感性,其基本原理是抵消Sagnac效应而不影响法拉第磁光效应。利用琼斯矩阵对改进后的光路结构进行了偏振态分析,理论分析和实验结果吻合,表明改进后的传感器其输出与震动无关。耦合半波片后Sagnac式光纤电流传感器的震动敏感性被消除了,为Sagnac式光纤电流传感器的工程化实现提供了一种可行的方法。     

光学电流互感器传感头色散特性对系统灵敏度影响研究

以琼斯矩阵为数学工具,利用理论分析和计算机仿真的方法研究了块状玻璃光学电流互感器传感头的色散特性对系统灵敏度的影响,并进行了实验验证.在光学电流互感器系统中,光源的驱动电流与环境温度改变,都会造成光源峰值波长移动.而在传感头中主要是由单层保偏反射膜的反射相移、光学玻璃的Verdet常数以及光学玻璃内的线性双折射这三个因素的色散特性,使得光学电流互感器的灵敏度随光源波长的变化而改变.研究结果表明,这种色散特性会对输出曲线的尺度因子产生明显的影响.因此,光源的恒温控制与光源驱动电流的恒流控制是必要的.本研究结果可为光学电流互感器的研究设计人员提供有用的参考.     

无偏振效应分束器反射相移对法拉第镜式光学电流互感器输出光偏振态的影响

线性双折射和反射相移使光学电流互感器输出光偏振态产生椭圆退化并导致灵敏度降低,法拉第镜式光学电流互感器可以有效解决椭圆退化问题。无偏振效应分束器是构成该方案的核心器件,为了准确掌握无偏振效应分束器的性能和作用,用琼斯矩阵建立了无偏振效应分束器和法拉第镜式光学电流互感器的矩阵模型。分析了无偏振效应分束器反射相移对系统输出光偏振态的影响。提出无偏振效应分束器反射相移的测量方案并测出其常温下的实际值为5.02°,绘制了温度实验曲线。用MathCAD软件仿真了系统输出光偏振态图,并分析了椭率与无偏振效应分束器反射相移的关系。指出计量0.2级光学电流互感器所允许的反射相移漂移范围要小于0.1%。所得结果可为光学电流互感器的实用化研究提供参考。     

动态匹配光栅解调传感系统温度补偿研究

采用一对辅助匹配光纤光栅,结合基于MAX1968EUI芯片闭环自动控制,设计了一种半导体小型温度控制系统.通过控制传感光栅反射峰值变化,使匹配光栅温度变化与传感光栅周围环境温度变化相匹配,实现了动态匹配光栅解调方案的应变测量系统温度补偿,消除了光纤光栅传感器温度、应变交叉敏感效应对传感系统测量应变的影响.解调系统同时采用一支微测力传感器作为解调系统的输出,消除了传统动态匹配光栅解调系统中压电陶瓷磁滞效应对测量结果的影响.实验结果表明,温度变化对系统应变测量影响误差小于2％,传感系统的线性优于0.999 5.     

基于LabView的光纤电流互感器一体化测试系统设计

光纤电流互感器日益成为电力系统中最重要的设备,在实用化研究中,光纤电流互感器的检测精度是重要的指标之一,而被测电流的谐波和光纤电流互感器内部的噪声往往影响其测量的准确性。因此对光纤电流互感器谐波的检测以及对其解调算法实用性的验证非常重要。为进一步的谐波治理提供依据及验证解调算法能否有效运用问题,在详细分析现有的谐波检测理论和两种解调算法原理的基础上,设计了一种基于虚拟仪器LabView的光纤电流互感器谐波检测及解调算法测试一体化系统,在快速检测电流各次谐波电平的同时解调出被测电流的信息并对比验证两种解调算法的可行性与优越性,验证结果表明第二种解调算法的精度明显优越于第一种解调算法,更能适用于光纤电流互感器的信号解调。     

Backward influence of the interference signal from the sensors of physical quantities on the radiation intensity spectrum of a low-coherent source

We consider specific features of optical-circuit operation in the presence of radiation which is returned to the source after having passed an optical path exceeding the initial coherence length of the reference wave when, as was previously assumed, the delay modulation should not influence the oscillation mode. However, experiments with the Michelson and Sagnac fiber interferometers showed that intensity modulation of the interference signal and, therefore, intensity modulation of the source radiation related to the active-medium nonlinearity appear when the interfering waves with the phase-difference modulation return. The revealed effect leads to distortion of a signal at the interferometer output irrespectively of the delay time and can be removed by placing an optical isolator at the source output.     

Surface-bonded fiber optic Sagnac sensors for ultrasound detection

This paper describes a fiber optic sensor suitable for remote sensing and multi-point detection of ultrasound. This ultrasound sensor is based on the surface-bonded fiber optic Sagnac interferometer with the output fringe visibility of 1; it consists of a laser source, an ordinary single mode fiber delay line, a fiber coupler, a phase modulator and polarization controllers. For the validation of the sensor, surface acoustic waves and Lamb waves are excited by illuminating a steel specimen with an array of Q-switched Nd:YAG laser-generated line sources and the measurement of laser-generated ultrasonic waves are performed on the specimen surface using the surface-mounting fiber optic Sagnac sensor. The surface-bonded fiber optic sensor developed in this study has a simple configuration for detection of ultrasonic waves. Effectiveness of surface-bonded fiber optic Sagnac sensors for remote sensing of ultrasound and in situ monitoring of structures is investigated. The capability of multi-point detection of ultrasound by this Sagnac sensor is also discussed.     

Period-generating different modulation formats by inserting an electro-absorption modulator in a Sagnac fiber loop

Period-generating different modulation formats are presented using an electro-absorption modulator (EAM). The configuration is based on a Sagnac loop interferometer containing an EAM, a polarization controller and a time delay line. Different modulation formats are obtained by modulating the clockwise and counterclockwise propagating waves inside the Sagnac loop. The theoretical analysis is also obtained. Measured results demonstrate period-generating different modulation format by tuning the time delay line.     

Fiber optic sensor based on a sagnac interferometer including a recirculating-ring delay line with an edfa

We present a theoretical and experimental investigation of a Sagnac interferometer incorporating a fiber optic recirculating-ring delay line with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier to increase the effective length of the Sagnac loop and thereby improve the low-frequency response. Theoretical calculations show that the low-frequency response of the interferometer is enhanced as expected. However, the noise penalty of using a fiber amplifier in the ring is quite high, especially at low frequencies. The signal-to-noise ratio at low frequencies, using a superfluorescent erbium fiber source, is demonstrated as increasing by a factor of 2 compared to a single-loop Sagnac interferometer with the same total length of fiber, but without fiber amplifier.     

干涉光纤电流传感器

提出了一种新型的高压电流光纤传感器,由Sagnac干涉仪和光路构成,采用Labview编写虚拟仪器的测试端软件。该系统利用法拉第效应,借助电子电路,获得干涉后输出光强信号中一次谐波成分,就可以将高压母线中待测电流的大小和相位分量测出。由于采用的新颖的双光路设计,与通常的干涉仪相比该系统的动态测量范围扩大数百倍,而且系统不受外界缓变量的影响。     

基于光纤电流传感器的韦尔代常数优化测量法

韦尔代常数(Verdet)是决定光纤电流传感器(FOCT)灵敏度的重要因素之一。根据萨格纳克(Sagnac)干涉原理计算得到校准信号,并测量FOCT的实际输出信号,通过比较这两组信号建立目标函数,基于单纯形算法进行参数优化,从而得到石英光纤的韦尔代常数。实验结果与经典模型计算结果基本吻合。FOCT的输出信号经过测量电路会引入相位差;另外受到调制器和外界环境的影响,干涉回路的工作点会产生漂移,导致输出信号不对称而产生直流量。考虑到以上因素,提出的这种方法还能同时测量出电路的相位差、干涉回路的工作点以及反映非线性畸变的直流量。     

Optimal sensing of current based on an extrinsic Sagnac interferometer configuration

The theory and experimental verification of an optical current sensor based on an extrinsic Sagnac interferometer configuration is presented. Superior performance with regard to current sensitivity and input/output linearity, and simple installability of the sensor makes it very suitable for remote current sensing in power distribution applications.     

Sagnac Effect of Gödel's Universe

We present exact expressions for the Sagnac effect of Gödel's Universe. For this purpose we first derive a formula for the Sagnac time delay along a circular path in the presence of an arbitrary stationary metric in cylindrical coordinates. We then apply this result to Gödel's metric for two different experimental situations: First, the light source and the detector are at rest relative to the matter generating the gravitational field. In this case we find an expression that is formally equivalent to the familiar nonrelativistic Sagnac time delay. Second, the light source and the detector are rotating relative to the matter. Here we show that for a special rotation rate of the detector the Sagnac time delay vanishes. Finally we propose a formulation of the Sagnac time delay in terms of invariant physical quantities. We show that this result is very close to the analogous formula of the Sagnac time delay of a rotating coordinate system in Minkowski spacetime.     

Modeling and simulation of polarization errors in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor

Sagnac fiber optic current sensor (S-FOCS) is a kind of optical interferometer based on Sagnac structure, optical polarization states of sensing light wave in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor are limited. However, several factors induce optical polarization error, and non-ideal polarized light waves cause the interference signal crosstalk in sensor, including polarizer, quarter-wave retarder, splice angular, birefringence and so on. With these errors, linearly polarized light wave in PM fiber and circularly polarized light wave in sensing fiber become elliptically polarized light wave, then, nonreciprocal phase shift induced by magnetic field of the current is interrupted by wrong polarization state. To clarify characteristics of optical polarization error in fiber optic current sensor, we analyze the evolution process of random optical polarization state, linear optical polarization state and circular optical polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor by using Poincare sphere, then, build optical polarization error models by using Jones matrix. Based on models of polarization state in Sagnac fiber optic current sensor, we investigate the influence of several main error factors on optical polarization error characteristics theoretically, including extinction ratio in polarizer, phase delay in quarter-wave retarder, splice angular between quarter-wave retarder and polarization maintaining fiber. Finally, we simulate and quantify nonreciprocal phase shift to be detected in fiber optic current sensor related with optical polarization errors. In the end, we demonstrate S-FOCS in test. The results show that transfer matrix errors are induced by inaccurate polarization properties during polarization state conversion, then, the stability and accuracy of the S-FOCS are affected, and it is important to control the polarization properties at each step of the polarization state conversion precisely.