动态场空间分布实时测量装置的研究

描述了一套多路动态场空间分布实时测量系统，该系统是一套以微要为中心的数字化系统，可实现多路动态场空间分面睥精神病时测量。系统由微机、TMS320C50板、开关电路、检波器、传感器、放大器等设备构成硬件系统，并通过编制C50板嵌入式软件和微机主控程序实现系统功能。     

使用多个线阵CCD-计算机系统实时监控多界面位置

本文提出一套多界面位置实时监控系统。该系统采用八个线阵ＣＣＤ像感器分别接收每个界面的光学图像。按照控制程序的设定，适时点亮界面的照明光源，同时驱动ＣＣＤ开始工作，并在采集完界面位置信息后，关掉照明光源及ＣＣＤ，以延长系统的寿命，实现长期连续工作。为了同时分别监控多个界面，设计了专用微机接口电路，通过硬件电路实现各界面数据的同时锁存，然后将每个ＣＣＤ的光电信号采入计算机，解决了目视读数无法保证多处数据在时间上一致性的困扰。运用该系统监控多处油水界面，每处均可在１００ｍＬ体积的检测管内测量到０．１ｍＬ的界面变化。     

稳态交流加热法小样品低温比热的测量

本介绍了用稳态交流加热法测量小样品低温比热的原理，方法，装置和微机自控的测量系统。作为检测在３０－１５０Ｋ范围内分别测量了两个质量不同的纯铜样品的比热，与现有数据符合很好。估计精度在１％以内。     

面阵CCD用于目标亮度的测量

介绍采用专用ＣＣＤ摄像机获取信号、微机控制和处理数据的远场亮度分布测量系统，并给出实验结果。     

FFT分析仪-微机声强测量系统及其应用

本文讨论用HP 3562A动态信号分析仪与HP9000/320微机联机所组成的声强测量分析系统,利用自编软件进行声强的测量和分析。系统的输出功能有:50Hz—10kHz范围内各种频率分辨率的声强谱和声功率谱(线性或A计权,窄带或1/3倍频程分析),表面的三维声强图和等声强线图。以B＆K4205标准声功率源和电动机为测量对象,与在半消声室内按ISO 3745测得的结果进行对比表明,本声强测量系统的精度能满足一般工程要求。最后还提供了应用本测量系统对一台车床的噪声幅射进行分析的实例。     

圆柱圆锥状空腔声共振频率的测量

提出一种测量圆柱和圆锥状空腔声共振频率的方法,由微机和信号处理板配合构成的系统完成频响曲线的测量和运算,实验得到的数据和理论计算值相吻合。     

多个CCD交汇测量系统的理论研究

本文介绍了采用多个线阵ＣＣＤ 组成交汇测量系统的基本原理,导出了测量坐标的计算公式,并利用有关的误差理论对该方法的测量精度进行了详细分析。研究结果表明,多个ＣＣＤ 交汇测量系统能够得到较高的目标捕获几率,同时还能有效地提高坐标测量精度。对大靶面、高速小目标物体的精密测量具有重要意义     

YBa2Cu3O7膜1／f噪声的测量

建立了一套测量样品电压涨落噪声的频谱分析系统，用此系统观察到超导ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７取向模在正常态下反常大的１／ｆ噪声，并发现不同结构形貌的样品噪声水平有明显差异。     

利用APPLEⅡ机实现谱板的自动化测量

采用APPLEⅡ微机控制9W测微光密度计,实现对谱板自动化测量。论述了该系统的工作原理、主要功能和特性。给出了使用该系统所测得的实际光谱谱图。     

线阵CCD用于长距离衍射准直测量

本文介绍了在半导体激光光纤与位相板相结合的准直情况下,利用线阵ＣＣＤ探测器测量大型工件形位误差遇到的光强变化而引起测量误差的问题,并对用线阵ＣＣＤ进行衍射信号测量的原理和特点作了分析。根据ＣＣＤ的工作原理和特性,提出了利用自动控制ＣＣＤ积分时间的方法,使ＣＣＤ输出的信号峰值保持恒定,提高了系统的测量精度。     

Noise mapping using measured noise and GPS data

In this paper, we introduce a system to easily produce a noise map using noise and GPS data measured simultaneously. The system consists of a sound level meter, a GPS receiver, a database program to manage the measured data, and a program to produce the noise map including a computer model of the target area. The GPS receiver interfaced to the sound level meter allows simultaneous measurement and storage of the noise level and the global position at a location. The database program directly imports one or more measured data stored in the sound level meter. Then, selected measurement results are exported to the noise mapping program for producing colour-coded or noise contour line maps using measured data at user-defined locations. The noise map produced can be exported to DXF and SHP files with other modeling items, for post-processing in GIS software. To demonstrate the capability of the developed system, we show a noise map for a university campus produced by the system.     

像增强器噪声频谱特性测试技术研究

对一台进口的像增强器信噪比（SNR）测试仪进行履行，重新研制和设计了测试仪的信号处理模块、计算机系统和测试软件，采用硬件滤波、软件数字滤波和快速傅里叶变换（FFT）相结合的方法实现了像增强器噪声的频谱特性测试。利用所研制的测试仪对多种型号的进口和国产像增强器的噪声频谱进行了测试分析，并给出了分析测试结果。     

数字化声学测量技术 Ⅱ.数字式声强及声功率测量系统

本文介绍在数字声学测量分析系统中，通过双传声器信号互谱密度的计算进行声强及声功率测量的基本原理。该数学分析系统由微计算机，数字信号处理卡和Ａ／Ｄ变换卡组成。在一个数字系统中，通过快速傅里叶变换（ＦＥＴ）进行互谱计算是十分有效的。本文着重介绍了，在声强的测量分析中对声强探头两传声器的固有相位差进行补偿的重要性和补偿方法，这是声强测量的重要环节。     

A new approach to assessing the performance of noise indices in buildings

The results of a wide acoustic environment survey are presented. Sound pressure measurements were carried out in a group of offices. These measurements lasted for five minutes and the resulting noise spectra were used to calculate the most significant acoustic parameters. During each measurement a questionnaire was administered to workers near each measuring position. The questionnaire asked them to indicate their subjective judgement about noise annoyance, noise loudness and dissatisfaction induced by noise present in the environment. The aim of the research was to investigate the performance of the measured noise indices in describing subjective responses to noise. A new method to calculate the average subjective responses is proposed. The performance of the noise indices was studied by means of linear regression analysis. Finally the A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level proved to be the best index among those analysed in describing subjective auditory sensations.     

视频判读系统分析

本文就光电测量提出了以CCD进行视频捕获,将获得的视频图象通过采集卡滤波、A/D转换为数字图象,存储在计算机内存中,根据具体要求选择相应的算法,由计算机对其进行分析处理.     

基于高温超导脉冲变压器的脉冲电源测控系统

为了监测脉冲电源的放电特性、控制脉冲电源的可靠工作,采用现代测试技术、虚拟仪器技术和数据库技术,设计了基于高温超导脉冲变压器的脉冲电源测控系统,硬件系统由计算机、单片机、数据采集卡、驱动电路板和电压电流传感器等组成,软件系统采用LabVIEW来进行设计.在脉冲电源的测量算法中,采用基于EEMD的消噪算法,消除了噪声,采用基于最小二乘法的数据拟合算法,准确的测量出脉冲电源电流的峰值、脉宽等参数.实验结果表明,该系统可以实时监测和控制脉冲电源的工作过程,实现了电参数的在线测量和整体系统的闭环控制.     

脉冲超声换能器声场测试系统的设计*

脉冲超声换能器是超声检测的关键部件,为了获取其声场特性参数,文中基于小球反射法原理,采用虚拟仪器技术和单片机技术设计了声场测试系统。系统的程控交互界面采用了美国国家仪器公司研制开发的图形化编程软件LabVIEW来设计,在程控交互界面程序中通过调用动态链接库DLL来对系统核心硬件超声发射接收卡进行数据通信及对卡功能进行设置,同时系统上位机通过RS232串口与下位机单片机通讯,实现对三轴扫查平台的多种扫查方式控制。该系统可实时显示脉冲换能器声压分布图像,并可通过对声压分布数据实现对换能器近场长度及扩散角等参数的测量。     

Applications of Computer Systems for On-Line Real-Time Instrument Control

Abstract

Digital automation represents a major revolution in all forms of spectroscopy, a revolution which is now in progress. Unlike many of the previous major changes in hardware, such as detectors or the type of electronics, the change to computer control requires a design exercise involving all parts of the measurement process from signal generation to calculation of the final result, from mechanical components to aesthetics, and from the role of digital versus analog circuitry to the role of hardware versus software. But the result of a careful redesign is a more flexible and accurate instrument with data processing, storage, and retrieval capabilities. Once a computer is incorporated into an instrument it gives the designer extreme breadth in expansion of function with very little additional hardware cost. To fully realize this potential, however, the system designer must have a good understanding of the possibilities of computer control, the hardware most appropriate for that control, the role of software design in developing the overall functionality of the computerized instrument system, and the limitations and needs of digital data acquisition. This article is a discussion of the appropriate control hardware and its use. The role of software, perhaps the single most important part of the complete computerized system, has been discussed previously [16, 38, 53, 74, 761. Recent reviews have discussed the special needs of signal processing for digital data acquisition [30, 67, 75, 791].     

便携式脉冲X射线成像系统研究

便携式脉冲X射线成像系统主要由脉冲X射线源、数字化记录系统和笔记本电脑组成。主要介绍了系统的硬件(脉冲源和图像采集控制卡)和应用软件的设计过程。这种便携式脉冲X射线成像系统具有剂量小、重量轻和成像质量高,目前已应用到公安系统的安全检查等部门。