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1.
太阳能甲醇分解能量转换机理实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文通过太阳能分解甲醇燃料实验,来研究太阳能与化石燃料互补的能源利用系统的能量转换新机理,揭示减少燃料化学能释放过程(火用)损失和提升太阳热能品位的本质,并得到基于实验的量化依据。实验研究了反应过程能量品位关联机理和效果,并揭示了主要因素影响规律。太阳热能温度的升高,有利于分解反应的进行,但温度过高会负面影响品位提升的效果,260℃左右是较合理的;与太阳能甲醇分解反应装置规模对应的进料量条件是影响能量转换过程的关键因素,也将影响太阳热能品位提升效果。研究成果将为开拓太阳能与化石能源互补的能量系统提供理论支撑和实验数据。  相似文献   

2.
本文基于10 kW中低温太阳能与甲醇热化学互补发电实验平台,采用不同太阳辐照强度与吸收反应器内甲醇裂解反应、甲醇重整反应两种化学反应的有机集成,提出了一种新颖的变辐照与不同化学反应相匹配的主动调控新方法,针对不同典型日太阳辐照强度偏离设计值,探讨了热化学互补发电系统变辐照工况的特性规律。研究结果表明,在中低温太阳能热化学互补发电系统中,与采用单一的太阳能驱动甲醇裂解反应相比,本文提出的主动调控方法使互补系统的日均太阳能净发电效率从30%提高到36%,更接近设计工况,有效提高了甲醇燃料化学能的梯级利用程度。该方法为减小单位镜场面积、提高太阳能年均净发电效率提供了有效途径。  相似文献   

3.
提出一种天然气基钙钛矿型氧化物化学链燃烧中温太阳能燃料转化方法,利用近400℃太阳热驱动天然气基的LaCu_(0.1)Ni_(0.9)O_3化学链燃烧,将太阳能转化为高品位燃料化学能。新方法不仅能利用低焦比的槽式聚光吸收反应器,而且降低了太阳能天然气热化学互补反应热品位。采用热重实验,开展天然气基LaCu_(0.1)Ni_(0.9)O_3反应与再生性能研究。研究结果表明:天然气-LaCu_(0.1)Ni_(0.9)O_3化学链燃烧的还原温度为350℃,氧载体最大释氧量为22%,多次循环反应之后氧载体的晶格结构和表面形貌均没有发生明显的变化。本文为开展中温太阳能与天然气热化学互补利用提供了新途径。  相似文献   

4.
本文提出了太阳能光伏电池与甲醇中低温重整反应相结合的发电系统;通过太阳能的梯级利用以及物理能与化学能之间的品位耦合,太阳能净发电效率较单一光伏或甲醇热化学发电方式获得显著提升。热力学分析表明,在100~250℃C的系统运行温度范围内,系统的理论太阳能净发电效率达43.6%~44.3%(已考虑光学损失),显著高于光伏系统(22.5%)及热化学系统(32.7%)。系统约50%的太阳净发电量来自甲醇重整产物氢气,以化学能形式实现了太阳能的高效储能,且光伏、热化学发电随温度变化的相反趋势间互补达到了稳定输出的效果。此外,系统产生的电能中约25%来自太阳能,高于单一太阳能甲醇热化学发电系统的14%,对化石能源的依赖度降低。光伏与热化学互补发电为太阳能高效综合利用提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

5.
基于品位匹配和多能源综合梯级利用的原则,本文提出了低CO2排放的太阳能与化石能源互补发电系统LESOLCC,并对其进行了热力经济性能分析。所提系统以甲醇为燃料,中低温太阳能首先提供甲醇重整反应的反应热,从而转化为富氢合成气的化学能,实现品位提升;其次通过燃烧前对CO2的捕集,实现燃料的清洁燃烧,最终在高效联合循环中实现其热功转换。结果表明:基本工况下,系统当量效率达到55.1%,比投资为833$/kW,发电成本为0.124$/kWh,回收期17年;与相同化石燃料输入及CO2捕集水平的尾气捕集CO2的常规燃气-蒸汽联合循环(CC-Post)相比,发电成本下降了10.1%,充分显示其优越性。  相似文献   

6.
本文提出了中低温太阳热能品位间接提升的概念、方法和系统集成,其核心是热集成和热化学转换的有机结合。在所提出的太阳能和化石能源综合互补的化学回热循环系统(SOLRGT)中,中低温太阳热能首先提供蒸汽蒸发潜热从而转化为蒸汽内能;其次通过蒸汽参与重整反应进一步转化为合成气化学能,实现品位提升;最后得以在高效的燃气轮机系统中实现热功转换。由于太阳能的引入,燃气轮机透平排气余热回收部分的热匹配得到极大改善,并减少了化石能源消耗;同时,蒸汽产率的增加有助于增进系统化学回热和物理回热收益。系统中太阳能热转功净效率可达26.5%;和常规化学回热循环相比,化石能源节约率可达20%~30%,实现相应数量的CO_2减排,系统中实现了中低温太阳能的高效热功转换和与化石燃料的梯级互补。  相似文献   

7.
本文基于高温太阳能热化学等温法循环分解H_2O或CO_2制备H_2或CO,通过在其下游加入甲烷进行重整及部分氧化反应,在进行余热余气回收的同时实现了甲醇动力多联产,提出三种系统方案并进行了能耗及效率分析。结果表明,等温法同时分解水和CO_2的甲醇动力多联产系统,可以取消水煤气变换反应及CO_2的分离单元,进行合理的热回收后达到太阳能甲醇转换效率为30.52%,制取甲醇的净太阳能能耗为65.25 GJ/t,甲烷单耗为25.74 GJ/t。采用甲烷互补的甲醇动力多联产可取代超高温换热器以及甲醇合成过程的自备电厂,与仅有太阳能作为输入的高温太阳能热化学双温法制取甲醇相比,效率可提升两倍。  相似文献   

8.
通过甲醇-水蒸汽化学反应,本文提出中低温太阳热能与甲醇重整反应结合的制氢新方法,探讨了中低温太阳热能与甲醇重整制氢过程的能量转换机理,分析了不同压力条件下的水碳比、反应温度对中低温太阳热能-甲醇重整制氢的影响规律.研究结果表明:集热180~240 ℃的低品位太阳热能(品位为0.34~0.42)将能更好地与甲醇重整反应所需的品位相匹配.在反应压力为1×1.01325×105 Pa,反应产物中H2浓度可有望达到72%~75%,中低温太阳热能转化为化学能占燃料化学能的份额可达12%.该研究为低能耗制取清洁燃料氢提供了一条新途径.  相似文献   

9.
中低温太阳热能与甲醇重整互补制氢实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文提出一种利用150~300℃中低温太阳能驱动的甲醇-水重整反应制氢的新方法,该方法操作温度远低于其他太阳能热化学制氢方式.在5kW抛物槽式太阳能集热器.吸收/反应器上对制氢关键过程进行了实验研究.实验结果表明:甲醇转化率可达90%以上,产物氢气浓度为66%~74%;1mol甲醇制氢量可达2.90mol,接近理想状态3mol;基于能量品位的概念,深入分析了这一过程的能量转换机理;并对制氢成本进行了初步分析.本文的研究成果为高效利用中低温太阳热能与低能耗、低成本制氢提供一条新途径.  相似文献   

10.
提出了集成抛物槽式双轴跟踪镜场的太阳能与清洁燃料热化学互补的微燃机冷热电联产系统。双轴跟踪的抛物槽镜场产生中低温太阳能热驱动吸收/反应管内甲醇分解生成合成气。合成气作为微燃机燃料,驱动分布式能源系统输出冷热电产品。研究了太阳能热化学关键过程吸收/反应管内甲醇转化率、沿程温度分布规律,对系统进行了能量分析和拥分析。结果表明,新系统热效率为74.74%,系统发电效率达到32.34%。研究结果为高效、稳定利用太阳能和清洁燃料提供了一种有效途径。  相似文献   

11.
Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.  相似文献   

12.
A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.  相似文献   

13.
Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·104 Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.  相似文献   

14.
A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.  相似文献   

15.
The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.  相似文献   

18.
A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.  相似文献   

19.
Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.  相似文献   

20.
Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.  相似文献   

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