Al2O3陶瓷涂层尖端受载下的声发射信号参量分析

为了考察再制造零件涂层结合强度检测仪评价涂层结合强度的可行性,以Al₂O₃陶瓷涂层为研究对象,在涂层表面进行压入试验,提取并分析了试验过程中声发射信号中的幅度、计数、能量与有效值电压（RMS）特性参数的时间分布曲线,读取了声发射信号突变点的波形,观测了压痕处涂层截面微观形貌。结果表明,声发射信号出现明显突变时,涂层界面确实产生了开裂失效。采用此检测设备可以有效诱导、界定涂层界面的断裂失效,声发射信号可以作为涂层开裂的临界判据,其中幅度的时间分布更能体现出Al₂O₃陶瓷涂层在压入过程中的裂纹萌生至涂层断裂的扩展过程;能量值对涂层的失效更为敏感,最为适合评价涂层的结合强度。     

利用声发射技术监测颗粒填充聚合物材料的裂纹扩展过程

 利用声发射技术监测了颗粒填充聚合物材料含单边缺口试样承受三点弯曲载荷时裂纹尖端形成损伤并断裂的全过程,明显地区分了裂纹尖端起裂和扩展的不同阶段,有效地识别了颗粒填充聚合物材料的破坏模式。研究表明,在承载状态下,裂纹尖端损伤起始和扩展分为3个阶段,且裂纹起裂至快速扩展存在一个演变过程;结合SEM观察结果,判定该材料的断裂模式以颗粒与基材的界面分离为主。     

冲击载荷下分支交错层状仿生复合材料动态断裂行为的实验研究和数值模拟

通过三点弯动态冲击实验和数值模拟方法,研究了分支交错层状仿生复合材料的动态断裂韧性。首先设计并制备了分支交错层状仿贝壳复合材料试样,即将一种脆性刚性材料和一种橡胶类材料分别作为复合材料的硬质层和软胶层;随后采用改进的分离式Hopkinson压杆装置进行了三点弯冲击实验;接着讨论了初始冲击速度、硬质材料长宽比、软质材料层厚度对复合材料试样动态断裂行为的影响;最后采用ABAQUS有限元数值模拟,研究了不同宽度和不同冲击方向对复合材料试样动态断裂韧性和裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明:随着冲击速度和硬质材料长宽比增加、软胶层厚度减小,裂纹越倾向于沿直线扩展,反之,裂纹越倾向于绕过硬质材料沿着软胶层呈折线扩展;试样的峰值动载荷和起裂时间也随之增大。有限元模拟结果表明:随着结构总宽度的增大,试样断裂韧性增加,裂纹倾向于绕过硬质材料沿着软胶层扩展;采用实验设计的冲击方向时,试样的断裂韧性高于其他方向。     

蒸养再生骨料混凝土断裂声发射特征*

为研究蒸汽养护对再生骨料混凝土断裂过程损伤特征的影响,开展了再生骨料混凝土三点弯断裂试验,并采用声发射技术对损伤过程进行了监测分析。结果表明,蒸养降低了再生骨料混凝土断裂峰值荷载,断裂过程中声发射信号强度低于标准养护试件。声发射振铃计数、撞击数、b值等参数能够准确反映再生骨料混凝土断裂过程损伤演变规律。加载上升阶段,声发射信号活动性很低,试件内以微裂纹的形成为主,加载至荷载峰值,声发射振铃计数累计值增长呈现平缓阶段,混凝土内微裂缝的聚合会持续一段时间。峰值后荷载迅速降低阶段声发射信号最活跃,为裂缝迅速发展的过程。峰后荷载缓慢降低的过程,声发射信号活跃性降低,裂缝扩展至试件顶部区域,主要是宏观裂缝的开展,不再产生新的裂缝。     

基于$lt;i$gt;J$lt;/i$gt;积分的颗粒煤岩单轴压缩下裂纹扩展研究

颗粒煤岩是由众多离散的煤岩颗粒组成的固态多层次多结构物质,具有煤岩与颗粒物质的双重性质,其裂纹扩展规律可以从煤岩力学特性和颗粒物质多尺度特性进行研究. 首先,从能量角度对线弹性材料受压破坏,裂纹扩展产生原因进行了阐述,指出线弹性阶段裂纹的扩展动力源自应变能的释放. 然后,通过物理实验和数值试验从宏观和细观两方面对颗粒煤岩受压破裂过程中裂纹扩展做了进一步研究,结果表明:颗粒煤岩完全破裂后,底部会形成一个锥形堆,裂纹的扩展随着煤岩颗粒粒径的减小而减缓,部分裂纹扩展会出现突变点,且裂纹无光滑性;由于煤岩颗粒粒径等引起介质的非均匀性对裂纹扩展有重要的影响,均质度系数越大裂纹起裂时间越晚,声发射能量释放在裂纹扩展的轻度、中度和深度三个不同阶段逐渐变得频繁、剧烈. 研究结果将有利于进一步研究岩土类颗粒材料受压破裂过程的裂纹扩展规律. 关键词： J积分')" href="#">J积分 颗粒煤岩 单轴压缩 裂纹扩展     

金属穿晶脆性断裂统计理论

讨论了金属穿晶脆性断裂统计理论.根据穿晶裂纹和晶界作用的界面能模型及断裂非平衡统计理论框架,推导出了裂纹扩展速率、断裂强度、断裂韧性、脆性—韧性转变温度及其统计分布函数随晶粒尺度和界面能变化的公式. 关键词：     

光纤Sagnac传感器对材料频率特性的实验研究

不同的材料由于物理性质不同,在断裂时会产生不尽相同的声发射信号。光纤声发射传感器以其频带宽,抗电磁干扰,灵敏度高,体积小等优点在声发射（AE）信号探测方面有着广泛的应用前景。本文采用光纤Sangac传感器,对不同材料断裂过程的声发射信号进行检测,通过快速傅立叶变换分析其频谱。实验得知同一种材料断裂的声发射信号具有相同的...     

HRB400焊接试样拉伸全过程声发射信号 时频能量特征*

为了深入研究螺纹钢拉伸全过程声发射信号特征，开展了完整和焊接试样的拉伸实验，通过SAEU2S型数字声发射系统对损伤特性进行实时监测。结合金属材料力学行为特性，根据计数率将全过程划分成不同的阶段，采用伪Margenau-Hill(PMH)分布进行了时频分析并利用小波包变换对信号进行了能量分析。结果表明：声发射特性参数能够很好的描述焊接对材料力学性能的影响，PMH分布具有良好的时频聚集性，频域和能量分析能够很好地描述焊接对材料力学性能的影响。实验结果为声发射技术应用于钢结构工程损伤定量、寿命预测、实时监测的研究提供了参考依据。     

20~#钢不同晶粒度试件拉伸损伤试验的声发射特性研究

采用声发射技术,对四种不同晶粒度20~#钢试件的单轴拉伸过程进行监测,探究不同晶粒度对于金属材料损伤过程中声发射特性的影响。试验结果表明:声发射信号的幅值、能量和撞击计数等特征参数能够很好地描述材料不同晶粒度大小对材料拉伸过程中声发射特性的影响。细晶粒试件声发射信号数较少,强度较低,随着试件晶粒度的增大,声发射信号的强度和活性呈现明显增加的趋势。说明粗晶粒试件力学性能劣化严重,拉伸过程极易损伤,因此,试验结果也反映了金属材料微观损伤过程中声发射与材料内部的损伤演化密切相关。     

Q235钢板局部腐蚀声发射信号特性研究

为解决腐蚀声发射源特征提取和识别的难题,直接从理论上证明了腐蚀声发射监测的有效性并推导出声发射信号特征。气泡破裂声发射信号幅值近似与气泡半径平方和液位高度成正比,频率与气泡半径成反比;钢板及其腐蚀产物开裂声发射信号幅值与开裂位置局部应力强度成正比,频率与裂纹扩展速度成正比,与裂纹扩展距离成反比。用低频和高频两套声发射系统,同时长时间监测Q235钢板在10%FeCl_3·6H_2O、10%FeCl_3·6H_2O加0.01 mol/L HCl混合液、5%CuSO_4·5H_2O溶液中的腐蚀情况,辅以监测钢板及钢板腐蚀产物开裂作为验证实验。通过对声发射信号的参数及谱分析,得出不同声发射源可以通过撞击数及功率谱在频域的分布来有效区分。实验结果与理论分析相吻合,研究结果对腐蚀声发射监测技术具有重要指导意义。     

INVESTIGATION OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF SHORT CERAMIC FIBER REINFORCED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES

Short ceramic fiber reinforced polypropylene composites have been investigated to determine their static and dynamic fracture toughness for different reinforcing fiber contents. The composites were reinforced with fibers produced by a carding technique combined with needle-punching. Static fracture toughness (K _c) was measured on single-edge notched tensile (SEN-T) specimens, while dynamic fracture toughness (K _d) was tested by impact strength Charpy specimens. Specimens in both cases were cut transverse (T) and in longitudinal (L) directions. Test results show that dynamic fracture toughness is larger than the static one. During loading of SEN-T specimens the burst-type acoustic emission (AE) signals were monitored. From AE signals it can be concluded that the main damage form is the pull-out in the T specimens, and debonding in L ones. These results were supported by scanning electron microscopy micrographs taken from fracture surfaces.     

A theoretical study of acoustic emission from a crack extension event

The acoustic emission signals resulting from a small extension of an existing crack in a body under tensile stress are calculated using a particular model of the crack extension event. The dependence of the signal on the duration of the event is evaluated; and it is shown that the signal strength depends markedly on the position and characteristics of the transducer and on the crack orientation.Simultaneous measurements with an array of transducers on the surface of the specimen could therefore provide additional information about the nature of the crack extension event.     

Nonextensive statistical analysis of the data on the high-speed impact fracture of solids

The high-speed detection of impact-induced cracks in samples of materials that differ strongly in their degree of homogeneity (fused quartz and granite) has been performed by the acoustic emission method. The experimental energy distributions of the acoustic emission signals that correspond to the energy distribution in the events of the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of the microcracks have been interpreted in terms of the Tsallis statistics, which has been developed to generalize classical thermodynamics over the case of nonequilibrium systems. This allowed us to estimate the degree of correlation in the process of crack formation and to compare the energy release densities in various materials and at various stages of the impact fracture.     

高强混凝土单轴压缩声发射频率特征试验研究

为研究高强混凝土破裂前声发射信号的频率特征,对C60、C70、C80高强混凝土试件进行单轴压缩下的高、低频双通道声发射试验,得到破裂过程的力学参数和声发射参数,探求高强混凝土不同加载阶段声发射信号频率的分布特征。研究表明,三种高强混凝土在峰值应力前,高、低频通道声发射信号均集中在特定的频段内;临近峰值应力时,高、低频通道的声发射信号频率向低频段移动,同时优势频段内的频率趋于分散,这可作为预测高强混凝土破坏的前兆信息。     

Effect of the state of internal boundaries on granite fracture nature under quasi-static compression

Based on an analysis of the spatial distribution of hypocenters of acoustic emission signal sources and an analysis of the energy distributions of acoustic emission signals, the effect of the liquid phase and a weak electric field on the spatiotemporal nature of granite sample fracture is studied. Experiments on uniaxial compression of granite samples of natural moisture showed that the damage accumulation process is twostage: disperse accumulation of damages is followed by localized accumulation of damages in the formed macrofracture nucleus region. In energy distributions of acoustic emission signals, this transition is accompanied by a change in the distribution shape from exponential to power-law. Granite water saturation qualitatively changes the damage accumulation nature: the process is delocalized until macrofracture with the exponential energy distribution of acoustic emission signals. An exposure to a weak electric field results in a selective change in the damage accumulation nature in the sample volume.     

高温高压下金刚石单晶生长过程的声发射动态特征

采用声发射技术对高温高压下人造金刚石单晶的生长过程进行了动态检测。结合合成压块的断口形貌,对金刚石单晶生长过程对应的主要声发射参数进行了分析。结果表明,声发射信号的能量计数、振铃计数、幅度和上升时间等特征参数能客观反映金刚石单晶在高温高压下的动态生长规律,为研究金刚石单晶的生长机制提供了重要的实验依据。     

Mode I Fracture Analysis of Polymethylmetacrylate Using Modified Energy-Based Models

The paper presents two energy-based approaches to predict the fracture trajectory and the fracture load in components containing a mode I crack. The fracture behavior of polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) samples was investigated experimentally and theoretically for compact tension and double cantilever beam test specimens. The crack growth trajectories and the values of apparent fracture resistance in these two specimens were considerably different although both were under pure mode I loading. Two energy-based methods, i.e., the strain energy density and the averaged strain energy density criteria were modified to estimate the fracture trajectory and the fracture load in brittle materials respectively by considering the T-stress effects. The difference between the crack trajectories and the fracture resistances of different cracked specimens of the same material (PMMA) was found to be related to the magnitude and the sign of T-stress.     

Localization of acoustic emission sources in tensile and ct specimens using a broadband acquisition technique

The acoustic emission sources in a conventional cylindrical tensile test sample of short transversely-cut carbon manganese steel are localized. There is not always a good correlation between the localization of the first signals and the zone which eventually fractures. During the Lüder's plateau, the ae signals are emitted in the deformation band and, in the hardening range, there is no significant ae in the gauge length of the sample.

In ct samples precracked by fatigue, the signals are due to the growth of the plastic zone around the crack tip, and the plastic zone size, measured by source localization, agrees with those provided by models derived from fracture mechanics.     

Statistics of microcracks in heterogeneous materials (granites)

The amplitude distributions of acoustic emission signals from granites under compressive stresses are expanded into a power series of gamma functions. It is established that the mean amplitude of each term in the expansion falls in the range of acoustic emission signals corresponding to the hierarchical levels of the crack formation in loaded granites. On this basis, a model of crack formation is proposed according to which the size distribution of microcracks in granites under load rapidly attains a thermodynamically optimum form for each hierarchical level of crack formation. The results of calculating the mean sizes and evolution of microcracks at each hierarchical level are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Impact toughness of EK-181 ferritic-martensitic chromium (12%) steel under loading by concentrated bending

The low-temperature fracture of a high-temperature low-activated ferritic-martensitic EK-181 chromium (12%) steel (RUSFER-EK-181: Fe-12Cr-2W-V-Ta-B) is studied using impact and static concentrated bending tests as a function of the specimen dimensions (standard, small), the type of stress concentrator (V-shaped notch, fatigue crack), and the temperature (from −196 to +100°C). The ductile-brittle transition temperature falls in the range from −85 to +35°C. The temperature dependences of stress-intensity factor K _Ic and fracture toughness J _Ic are determined. The severest type of impact toughness tests is represented by tests of V-notched specimens with an additional fatigue crack and two lateral V-shaped notches (three-sided V-shaped notch with a central fatigue crack). The fracture energy of the steel depends on the type of stress concentrator and the specimen dimensions and is determined by the elastic energy and the plastic deformation conditions in the near-surface layers of a specimen, which are controlled by the lateral notches. At the same test temperature, the impact toughness and the fracture toughness are interrelated. Irrespective of the type of specimen (including notches and a fatigue crack), the ferritic-martensitic steel exhibits the same fracture mechanism.