电场作用下C60富勒烯分子的几何构形与电子结构

采用分子动力学与半经验量子力学相结合的方法,对不同强度电场作用下C60富勒烯分子的体积、形变、电荷分布、偶极矩、系统能量、分子轨道能级等进行了计算,分析了外加电场对C60富勒烯分子几何构形、电子结构的影响.研究结果表明:①在电场作用下,C60富勒烯发生极化,分子沿电场方向伸长,沿垂直电场的方向缩短,体积膨胀.当电场强度增至0.102 a.u.时,C60分子构形破坏.②随着外加电场强度的增加,C60分子的偶极矩增大,系统能量、LUMO,HOMO能级减小,但LUMD,HOMO之间的能隙却先是减小,然后增大.     

C40富勒烯分子的电子结构与传输特性研究

本文采用密度泛涵理论对富勒烯C40分子进行了结构优化,得到了稳定构型,然后构建了以金原子面为电极的电子输运模型．使用非平衡格林函数方法对构建的电子输运模型进行了电子输运性质的计算,得到了电子透射谱和伏安曲线,并分析了分子器件产生电子输运性质的原因. 研究结果发现：C40富勒烯的化学活性明显强于富勒烯C60和C32分子,在一些分子能级处,该分子为一个良导体．     

三种C240异构体分子的AM1研究

采用RHF水平的AM1半经验量子化学方法,计算了线性4C60富勒烯聚合体、花生壳状4C60富勒烯聚合体,以及C240纳米碳管等三种C240异构体分子的几何构型、电子结构、分子能量,以及疏水常数LogP、极化率、偶极矩等物理化学特性,讨论了三种C240异构体分子的几何构型、前线分子轨道及能级、净电荷分布与静电势、分子能量等特性的差异.研究表明,三种C240分子的生成均为吸热,它们的稳定性依次排序为:C240纳米碳管>花生壳状4C60>线性4C60.     

C72 富勒烯的电子结构与电子传导研究

本文利用基于密度高泛函理论(DFT)和非平衡格林函数的第一性原理方法对富勒烯C72分子及连接电极构成的C72分子器件进行了电子结构及电子输运性质的研究.计算出了电子透射谱和分子轨道分布,分析了器件的电子结构和输运性质的产生原因. 结果显示C72分子器件的电子传输主要集中在分子壳上. 伏安曲线显示C72分子具有半导体特征.     

富勒烯C20分子器件的电子结构和传导特性

运用基于密度泛函理论和基于非平衡格林函数的第一性原理方法研究了富勒烯C20分子及连接电极构成的C20分子器件的电子结构及电子输运性质.构建了三个基于C20分子的嵌入K和Si原子的电子输运系统,并得到了电子透射谱和分子轨道分布.分析了三种器件的电子结构和输运性质的产生原因,说明C20分子器件的电子传导主要集中在外壳.在C20分子空笼中嵌入K和Si原子后,其电子输运仍然主要集中于富勒烯C20的外壳.     

双噻吩基四硫富瓦烯富勒烯C60几何构型与电子结构的理论研究

利用半经验AM1法研究双噻吩基四硫富瓦烯富勒烯 C60 (BTTTF C60 )和四硫富瓦烯 C60 (TTF C60 )的几何构型、电子结构和前线轨道 .计算结果显示 ,两化合物的TTF面发生弯曲 ,形成独特的空间构型 ,电子结构的分析表明其原因是由C60与TTF或BTTTF的相互作用引起的 .C60的LUMO能与BTTTF的HOMO能接近 ,易发生D A反应 ,形成BTTTF C60 .BTTTF C60和TTF C60的LUMO能仍较低 .LUMO分布集中在C60部分 ,表明BTTTF C60的C60母体仍可接受电子 .另外对两分子的电荷分布、HOMO及LUMO的分析比较 ,表明所设计的BTTTF C60分子可能产生与TTF C60分子类似的电荷分离态     

C_(60)富勒烯二聚物的等离激元激发

基于含时密度泛函理论,研究了C60富勒烯二聚物的等离激元激发.当两个C60分子靠近,分子之间的间隙较大,通过电容性相互作用时,二聚物的低能等离激元共振模式随着间隙的减小发生红移.进一步减小间隙时,由于电子的隧穿,C60富勒烯二聚物的等离激元共振模式发生了改变,长程电荷转移激发模式形成.与金属纳米结构二聚物不同,当再继续减小间隙时,长程电荷转移激发模式没有发生蓝移,而是继续红移.在可见光范围内,C60富勒烯二聚物有很强的吸收光谱.     

C1对称C20分子结构与光谱特性的密度泛函方法研究

利用密度泛函方法研究了富勒烯C20分子的结构、光谱和分子轨道分布特性.在B3LYP/6.31G*基组下完成了在C1群对称性下C20分子的几何结构优化,并通过计算得出了C20分子的能态、轨道密度和基振光谱.结果说明C20分子轨道具有明显的离域特性,能隙小于2 ev,具有半导体特性.红外与拉曼光谱分别对应两个强特征峰.     

富勒烯衍生物苯基C71-丁酸甲酯的结构和电学性质第一性原理研究

使用B3LYP/6-31G(d)方法对有机太阳电池中作为电子受体材料的富勒烯衍生物苯基C71-丁酸甲酯([70]PCBM)的同分异构体进行了计算.PCBM与C70通过六元环和六元环共用的CC双键加成得到的产物是热力学控制产物;通过五元环和六元环共用的C-C键加成得到的产物则是动力学控制产物.[70]PCBM与C70的第一绝热电子亲和势很接近.PCBM对前线轨道贡献很小,[70]PCBM的最高占据分子轨道和最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)的电子云主要分布在C70笼上.PCBM提升了C70的LUMO能级水平,有利于提高太阳电池的光电转换效率.自然布居分析表明,PCBM与C70之间没有发生显著的电荷转移.所有的性质研究表明,PCBM基团并不涉及电池光电转换过程,但在调整C70能级水平提高光电转换效率中发挥了重要作用.     

内掺氮富勒烯N_2@C_(60)的几何结构和电子性质的密度泛函计算研究

采用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似对内掺氮富勒烯N2@C60的几何结构和电子性质进行计算研究.发现在N2@C60中,氮倾向以分子形式存在于C60中心处.键长分析、能级图、态密度图和电荷分析表明内掺氮分子对C60几何结构和电子结构带来的影响甚微.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of the low-energy interaction between Cu<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Subscript>@C<Subscript>60</Subscript> endofullerenes and the surface of a copper crystal

A molecular dynamics simulation of the low-energy interaction of C₆₀ fullerenes and Cu₁@C₆₀, Cu₆@C₆₀, and Cu₁₃@C₆₀ endofullerenes with a Cu(100) surface was performed. The effects of a copper cluster encapsulated in a fullerene and of a fullerene’s translational motion and rotation energy on its penetration into a surface were investigated. It was shown that the presence of an encapsulated cluster has a positive effect on fullerene penetration into a surface with preservation of the fullerene’s structure. The optimal conditions for fullerene penetration into a copper crystal surface were determined.     

Adsorption of helium on isolated C60 and C70 anions

Adsorption of helium on free, negatively charged fullerenes is studied in this work. Helium nanodroplets have been doped with fullerenes and ionised by electron attachment. For suitable experimental conditions, C^?₆₀ and C^?₇₀ anions are found to be complexed with a large number of helium atoms. Prominent anomalies in the ion abundances indicate the high stability of the commensurate 1×1 phase in which all hollow adsorption sites are occupied by one atom each. The adsorption energy for an additional helium atom is about 40% less than for atoms in the commensurate layer, similar to our previous findings for fullerene cations and in agreement with theoretical dissociation energies. Similarly, an anomaly in the adsorption energy occurs when 60 helium atoms are attached to C^?₆₀ or 65 to C^?₇₀. For C₆₀, the anomaly coincides with the one observed for cationic complexes but for C₇₀ it does not. Implications of these features are discussed in light of several theoretical studies of neutral and positively charged helium–fullerene complexes.     

氢、氮、铍、锂原子在缺陷富勒烯C_x(X=58～62)中的吸附与渗透

碳富勒烯包合物由于潜在的应用前景受到广泛关注.我们采用第一性原理方法计算了氢、氮、锂、铍原子在不同碳富勒烯中的吸附和穿越.根据原子在不同碳富勒烯笼中的势能曲线,我们给出了原子穿越碳富勒烯笼的势垒和势阱,归纳出原子穿越碳笼机理分为插入机理、渗透机理以及插入机理和渗透机理的混合机理.     

氢、氮、铍、锂原子在缺陷富勒烯CX（x=58-62）中的吸附与渗透

碳富勒烯包合物由于潜在的应用前景受到广泛关注。我们采用第一性原理方法计算了氢、氮、锂、铍原子在不同碳富勒烯中的吸附和穿越。根据原子在不同碳富勒烯笼中的势能曲线,我们给出了原子穿越碳富勒烯笼的势垒和势阱,归纳出原子穿越碳笼机理分为插入机理、渗透机理以及插入机理和渗透机理的混合机理。     

基于Gelius模型计算的C60和C70的紫外光电子能谱

在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平上对两种富勒烯C₆₀和C₇₀进行了构型优化. 在此基础上,并基于Gelius模型, 计算了这两种富勒烯的紫外光电子能谱曲线. 理论计算的曲线同实验曲线符合的很好.此外, 从理论曲线并结合量子化学计算的结果, 可以看到, C₇₀分子上不同化学环境的的碳原子对紫外光电子能谱曲线的贡献是不同的.     

Atomic force microscopy of C60/C70 single-crystal fullerenes under ethanol

C₆₀/C₇₀ crystal surfaces were imaged by atomic force microscopy under ethanol with resolution of single molecules. Spherical and elongated elliptical fullerenes can be distinguished corresponding most likely with C₆₀, respectively C₇₀. Determination of the maximum diameter for a large number of molecules confirms the presence of two species of fullerenes, one with 9.4 Å, the other with 11.2 Å. The measured ratio C₆₀:C₇₀ is 81:19 which resembles the spectroscopical data. The molecules are arranged either in hexagonal (hcp) or cubic (fcc) packing, in some areas the two arrangements alternate within a few nm. Elongated fullerenes apparently prefer the hexagonal packing.     

Electron-phonon interaction in carbon schwarzites

The recent synthesis of random schwarzites has stimulated the present ab initio calculation of the electronic structure and electron-phonon interaction in two different periodic D-type schwarzites, fcc-(C₂₈)₂ (made of 24 seven-membered rings per unit cell) and fcc-(C₆₄)₂ (made of 12 eight membered and 48 six-membered rings per unit cell). Like in fullerenes, also in schwarzites the electron-phonon interaction potential is found to increase with the absolute Gauss curvature, though it remains smaller than for doped fullerenes. Received 19 December 2002 Published online 1st April 2003 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: marco.bernasconi@unimib.it     

DSC study of annealing and phase transformations of C60 and C70 polymerized under pressures in the range 9.5-13 GPa

C₆₀ and C₇₀ fullerenes polymerized under pressures between 9.5 and 13 GPa and temperatures between 670 and 1850 K were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the range 240-640 K. Endothermal heat effects were observed with a peak maximum just below 540 K, a temperature characteristic for breakdown of (2+2) intermolecular links in dimers, 1D and 2D polymers. Exothermal effects, starting from 380 K, were observed for the first time in polymeric fullerenes. These effects are attributed to relaxation processes and to breakdown of other types of intermolecular bonds such as common four-sided rings and (3+3) interlinks.     

A study of carbon nanosystems using the Hubbard model

The Hubbard model is used as a framework for analyzing carbon nanosystems: the fullerenes C₆₀ and C₈₀ and open-ended carbon nanotubes with chiralities (5, 5) and (10, 10) of various lengths. In the strong-correlation limit, the model predicts that open carbon nanotubes have a lower energy per atom as compared to C₆₀ and C₈₀ fullerenes. This finding contradicts the conventional view that dangling bonds increase the energy of a system. However, the increase, if any, is due to the presence of five-member carbon rings in fullerenes. The energy per atom should be higher for the five-member carbon ring compared to the six-member one, because the former cannot exist in a lower energy singlet state. Carbon nanotube growth is explained. The ionization energies and electron affinities of C₆₀ and C₈₀ fullerenes are calculated and found to agree well with experimental data.     

A statistical model of fullerene formation based on quantum-mechanical calculations I. The most probable precursors of fullerenes

An analysis is carried out of the carbon clusters that may be immediate precursors of fullerenes. Using quantum chemistry methods it is shown that these can be two-ring clusters with a single bond between the rings. Possible initial steps of the transformation of a two-ring cluster into a fullerene have been outlined.