Optical absorption and electromagnetically induced transparency in semiconductor quantum well driven by intense terahertz field

An approach for solving the excitonic absorption in a semiconductor quantum well driven by an intense terahertz field is presented.The formalism relies on the stationary single-photon Schro¨dinger equation in the full quantum mechanical framework.The optical absorption dynamics in both weak and strong couplings are discussed and compared.The excitonic absorption spectra show the Autler-Townes doublets for the resonance terahertz field,a replica peak for the non-resonance terahertz field,and the electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon for modulating the decay rate of the second electron state in the weak coupling.In particular,the electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon window range is discussed.In the strong coupling region,the multi-order energy level resonance splitting due to the strong optical field is found.There are three(non-resonance terahertz field) or four(resonance terahertz field) peaks in the optical absorption spectra.This work provides a simple and convenient approach to deal with the optical absorption in the exciton system.     

Absorption and emission of terahertz radiation in doped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells

Spontaneous emission of terahertz radiation from structures with GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells in a longitudinal magnetic field has been studied. It is shown that some bands in the emission spectrum can be related to radiative electron transitions between resonant and localized impurity states, as well as to the transitions with participation of subband states. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium intraband absorption of terahertz radiation and its modulation in a longitudinal electric field in GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells has been investigated.     

Strong optical field study of a single self-assembled quantum dot

We review the investigation of a single quantum dot driven by a strong optical field. By coherent pump-probe spectroscopy, we demonstrate the Autler–Townes splitting and Mollow absorption spectrum in a single neutral quantum dot. Furthermore, we also show the typical Mollow absorption spectrum by driving a singly charged quantum dot in a strong optical coupling regime. Our results show all the typical features of an isolated atomic system driven by a strong optical field, such as the AC stark effect, Rabi side bands and optical gain effect, which indicate that both neutral and charged quantum dots maintain the discrete energy level states even at high optical field strengths.     

Measurement of cyclotron masses of spin-orbit-split quasi-two-dimensional holes in GaAs(100) narrow quantum wells

The magnetic field dependence of the cyclotron mass of heavy holes in asymmetric GaAs(100) quantum wells is measured by optical detection of resonant microwave absorption for various concentrations of quasi-two-dimensional holes. The effect of spin-orbit splitting on the cyclotron masses of heavy holes is discovered and investigated. The energy spectrum of holes is calculated on the basis of experimental data. The energy range in which spin-plasmon oscillations are observed in hole systems with various concentrations is predicted.     

Electric field effects on the linear and nonlinear intersubband optical properties of double semi-parabolic quantum wells

In this work, the effects of the electric field on the optical properties of the symmetric and asymmetric double semi-parabolic quantum wells (DSPQWs) are investigated numerically for typical GaAs/Al_xGa_1−xAs. Optical properties are obtained using the compact density matrix approach. Our calculations for the asymmetric DSPQW show that the resonant peak values of the total refractive index change and total optical absorption coefficient are maximum for a certain value of the applied electric field, due to the anti-crossing effect. However, for the symmetric DSPQW, the resonant peak values of these optical properties decrease monotonically with increasing the applied electric field. Also, our results indicate that a larger value of the optical rectification coefficient of the symmetric DSPQW can be induced by applying a small electric field.     

Coherent Interband and Intersubband Dynamics in Terahertz-Driven GaAs Quantum Wells

We theoretically investigate the optical absorption spectra and charge density by subjecting a GaAs quantum well to both an intense terahertz (THz)-frequency driving field and an optical pulse within the theory of density matrix. In presence of a strong THz field, the optical transitions in quantum well subbands are altered by the THz field. The alteration has a direct impact on the optical absorption and the charge density. The excitonic peak splitting and THz optical sideband in the absorption spectra show up when changing the THz field intensity and/or frequency. The Autler-Towns splitting is a result from the THz nonlinear dynamics of confined excitons. On the other hand, the carrier charge density is created as wave packets formed by coherent superposition of several eigenstates. The charge density exhibitsquantum beats for short pulses and/or wider wells and is modulated by the THz field.     

Magnetic field effect on the electronic states and the intraband optical absorption spectrum of a laser dressed double quantum dot molecule

The simultaneous effects of intense terahertz (THz) laser, a homogeneous magnetic fields, and the modification of the structural parameters on the electronic states, and the intraband optical absorption spectrum in a two-dimensional double quantum dot molecule are theoretically investigated. The crossing and anticrossing are observed in the energy dependence on the magnetic field induction between the third and the fourth energy levels. Additionally, it is shown that an intense THz laser field always shifts the energy spectrum to higher values. The variation of the structural parameters leads to the change of the positions of the energy levels and the anticrossing point. Finally, we have found that the intraband optical absorption spectrum, particularly the absorption intensity and the peak position, can be effectively regulated by an intense THz laser and a magnetic fields, as well as by the variation of the structural parameters of the double quantum dot molecule.     

High-temperature all-optical intersubband quantum well Terahertz switch

In this article an asymmetric intersubband quantum well structure as a high temperature terahertz (THz) optical switch is proposed. In our proposed structure the incoming low power energy photon (THz control signal) causes an optical switching. In this structure we introduce an optical terahertz switch based on coherent population trapping (CPT) phenomena. In the presence of electromagnetic THz field, quantum interference between the terahertz control field and short-wavelength probe field under appropriate condition, the medium becomes transparent (zero absorption) for the probe field. So the absorption and refraction characteristic of optical probe field can be modified with THz radiation. Therefore this idea is suitable for all – optical terahertz switching.     

引入量子干涉的双光子共振非简并四波混频

研究了级联四能级系统中双光子共振非简并四波混频(NFWM)由于加入耦合光场而产生的量子干涉效应，发现在强耦合场作用下NFWM频谱呈现AT劈裂，它反映的是两个缀饰态的能级.量子干涉还使NFWM信号被抑制或增强.此方法牵涉到三光子共振，因此可以成为研究原子或分子高激发态的有效光谱学工具. 关键词： 四波混频 量子干涉     

Linear and nonlinear intersubband optical absorption and refractive index changes of asymmetric double semi-parabolic quantum wells

The optical properties of the asymmetric double semi-parabolic quantum wells (DSPQWs) are investigated numerically for typical GaAs/Al_xGa_1−xAs. Optical properties are obtained using the compact density matrix approach. In this work, effects of the structure parameters such as the barrier width and the well widths on the optical properties of the asymmetric DSPQWs are investigated. The results show that the linear and nonlinear optical properties of asymmetric DSPQW are non-monotonic functions of these structure parameters. The behavior of the refractive index changes of asymmetric DSPQW with the variation of the barrier width is different substantially with that of symmetric DSPQW. Results reveal that the resonant peak values of the total absorption coefficient of asymmetric DSPQW is usually greater than that of symmetric DSPQW. Our calculations also show that the total absorption coefficient of asymmetric DSPQW is larger than that of asymmetric double square quantum well.     

Ensemble of asymmetric quantum dots in a cavity as a terahertz laser source

The possibility of establishing a terahertz laser generation at a transition between the dressed states formed by the interaction of an intense optical field with an ensemble of asymmetric quantum dots (QDs) in a high-Q terahertz cavity is discussed. It has been shown that the population inversion in the system of dressed states is achieved owing to spontaneous relaxation of the excited state of the QDs. The set of Maxwell–Bloch equations for the difference between dressed-state populations, polarization, and population of the cavity mode has been analyzed in the mean-field approximation. The lasing conditions have been clarified and the possibility of controlling the terahertz radiation intensity has been studied, including the case of an inhomogeneously broadened ensemble of QDs.     

Electronic and optical properties of asymmetric GaAs double quantum dots in intense laser fields

In the present work, we investigated the effect of an intense non-resonant laser field on the electronic structure and the nonlinear optical properties (the light absorption, the optical rectification) of a GaAs asymmetric double quantum dot under a strong probe field excitation. The calculations were performed within the compact-density matrix formalism under the steady state conditions with the use of the effective mass approximation. The obtained results show that: (i) the electronic structure and, consequently, the optical properties are sensitive to the dressed potential; (ii) the changes in the incident light polarisation lead to blue or redshifts in the intraband optical absorption spectrum; (iii) for specific values of the structure parameters and under an intense laser illumination, the asymmetric double quantum dots can be a good candidate for NOR emission of THz radiation.     

Theoretical Study on Absorption of Magnetically Tunable Terahertz Quantum-Well Photodetectors

Because of the Zeeman splitting effect in diluted semiconductor (Zn,Cd,Mn)Se, the absorption spectrum of ZnSe/(Zn,Cd,Mn)Se quantum wells can be adjusted by magnetic field effectively. Within the effective-mass approximation, the conduction electronic structure and the absorption spectrum of ZnSe/(Zn,Cd,Mn)Se quantum wells subjected to in-plane magnetic fields are investigated. Our theoretical results show that it is possible to use the ZnSe/(Zn,Cd,Mn)Se quantum well as magnetically tunable terahertz photodetectors.     

四能级系统中ac-Stark分裂研究

提出一双光场作用下的四能级系统,并对四能级模型的共振荧光谱作了详尽的研究.原子的共振荧光谱随Rabi频率的变化展示出能级的acStark分裂,且在很大参量范围内光谱具有这一特性.但当只有一个激发通道时不产生acStark分裂.在一定的条件下原子的共振荧光谱出现了两条黑线(darkline).可以认为acStark分裂的产生是多通道量子干涉的结果.利用缀饰态理论对acStark分裂给出很好的解释 关键词： 四能级系统模型 ac-Stark分裂 黑线(darkline) 多通道量子干涉     

Optical stark effect and dressed exciton states in a Mn-doped CdTe quantum dot

We report on the observation of spin-dependent optically dressed states and the optical Stark effect on an individual Mn spin in a semiconductor quantum dot. The vacuum-to-exciton or the exciton-to-biexciton transitions in a Mn-doped quantum dot are optically dressed by a strong laser field, and the resulting spectral signature is measured in photoluminescence. We demonstrate that the energy of any spin state of a Mn atom can be independently tuned by using the optical Stark effect induced by a control laser. High resolution spectroscopy reveals a power-, polarization-, and detuning-dependent Autler-Townes splitting of each optical transition of the Mn-doped quantum dot. This experiment demonstrates an optical resonant control of the exciton-Mn system.     

Tunneling time correction to the intersubband optical absorption in a THz laser-dressed GaAs/Al<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Ga<Subscript>1-</Subscript><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>As quantum well

Tunneling effect on the intersubband optical absorption in a GaAs/Al _x Ga_{1- x} As quantum well under simultaneous presence of intense non-resonant laser and static electric fields is theoretically investigated. Based on the shooting method the quasi-stationary energy levels and their corresponding linewidths are obtained. By considering the joint action of the two external fields the linear absorption coefficient is calculated by means of Fermi’s golden rule and taking into account the intersubband relaxation. We found that: (i) the linewidth broadening due to the electron tunneling has an appreciable effect on the absorption spectrum; (ii) a constant relaxation time adopted in the previous studies could not be justified even for moderate electric fields, especially in the laser dressed wells. Our model predicts that the number of absorption peaks can be controlled by the external applied fields. While in the high-electric fields the excited states become unbounded due to a significant tunneling of the electrons, for high laser intensities and low/moderate electric fields the absorption spectrum has a richer structure due to the laser-generated resonant states. The possibility of tuning the resonant absorption energies by using the combined effects of the static electric field and the THz coherent radiation field can be useful in designing new optoelectronic devices.     

Autler—Townes effect in hyperfine structure of alkali-atom D 1 line

The Autler—Townes effect is considered for the case where a strong control field acts in the frequency profile of a hyperfine transition taking into account the hyperfine interaction. An exact expression is derived for the susceptibility of the medium with respect to a probe field that acts in the frequency profile of a coupled transition of the alkaliatom D ₁ line. It is shown that the hyperfine interaction in the excited state may substantially modify the susceptibility of the medium. In particular, it is shown that, when the control field is tuned to wings of atomic transitions, the structure of the Autler—Townes resonances appears to be noticeably differing from what is predicted by the Λ-scheme approximation. It is found that tuning of the control field frequency to between hyperfine components of the excited state enhances the resonant structure in this region. The results are discussed in terms of the quantum memory protocols based on the effects of Raman scattering and electromagnetically induced transparency.     

Optical bistability via tunable Fano-type interference in asymmetric semiconductor quantum wells

We analyze hybrid absorptive-dispersive optical bistability (OB) behavior via tunable Fano-type interference based on intersubband transitions in asymmetric double quantum wells (QWs) driven coherently by a probe laser field by means of a unidirectional ring cavity. We show that OB can be controlled efficiently by tuning the energy splitting of the two excited states (the coupling strength of the tunnelling), the Fano-type interference, and the frequency detuning. The influence of the electronic cooperation parameter on the OB behavior is also discussed. This investigation may be used for optimizing and controlling the optical switching process in the QW solid-state system, which is much more practical than that in atomic system because of its flexible design and the controllable interference strength.     

High-frequency modulation of current in tunnel-coupled quantum wells by transverse radiation in the terahertz range

The modulation of a longitudinal current in double quantum wells by a transverse voltage in the terahertz frequency range is calculated. A quantum kinetic equation which allows for the contributions of a pair of asymmetric tunnel-coupled levels to the resonant response is solved (the difference in effective mass or the asymmetric scattering in the left-and right-hand quantum wells is also taken into account). These structural features lead to conversion of the modulating voltage into a high-frequency longitudinal current. The calculated longitudinal-transverse nonlinear susceptibility determines the conditions needed for creating an efficient field-effect transistor circuit that would use pumping in the terahertz range instead of a transverse control voltage. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 114, 322–332 (July 1998)     

Observation of dressed excitonic states in a single quantum dot

We report the observation of dressed states of a quantum dot. The optically excited exciton and biexciton states of the quantum dot are coupled by a strong laser field and the resulting spectral signatures are measured using differential transmission of a probe field. We demonstrate that the anisotropic electron-hole exchange interaction induced splitting between the x- and y-polarized excitonic states can be completely erased by using the ac-Stark effect induced by the coupling field, without causing any appreciable broadening of the spectral lines. We also show that by varying the polarization and strength of a resonant coupling field, we can effectively change the polarization axis of the quantum dot.