太阳能热发电聚光系统的研究进展

概述了太阳能热发电技术的发展状况,介绍了用于太阳能热发电的5种聚光系统,包括槽式、碟式、塔式、线性菲涅耳式以及地面接收式。详细阐述了这些聚光系统的光学结构、聚光原理以及聚光器件的设计方法和制作工艺,指出了不同聚光系统在聚光过程中的优缺点。文中的讨论可为太阳能热发电聚光系统的设计提供参考。     

太阳能热发电聚光系统的研究进展

概述了太阳能热发电技术的发展状况,介绍了用于太阳能热发电的5种聚光系统,包括槽式、碟式、塔式、线性菲涅耳式以及地面接收式。详细阐述了这些聚光系统的光学结构、聚光原理以及聚光器件的设计方法和制作工艺,指出了不同聚光系统在聚光过程中的优缺点。文中的讨论可为太阳能热发电聚光系统的设计提供参考。     

太阳能与燃煤互补电站镜场布置研究

针对330 MWe太阳能与燃煤互补发电系统,利用抛物槽式太阳能集热系统汇聚300℃左右的太阳热能,替代蒸汽抽汽加热给水,对系统中太阳能镜场的布置及优化进行了深入研究.基于集热场运行工况,开发了太阳能集热场设计的模拟计算程序。探讨了镜场遮挡损失与集热器间距的关系;研究传热工质流速、太阳辐照强度对集热场布置的影响规律.在设计工况下,镜场集热量49 MW,镜场面积为1.39×10~5 m~2,占地面积4.19×10~5 m~2,镜场和场地面积比达到33.2%,优于当前槽式太阳能单独热发电22%~25%的水平.本文研究结果为太阳能与燃煤互补电站太阳能岛的设计提供了依据。     

半导体温差发电装置的性能研究

温差发电是一种绿色环保的发电技术, 它可以直接将热能转化为电能. 该技术具有体积小、 重量轻、 移 动方便和可靠性高等特点. 它可以利用太阳能、 地热能、 海洋温差、 余热和废热等热能进行能量的转换. 作为一种替 代选择, 温差发电技术具有巨大的潜力和良好的发展前景     

太阳能燃气轮机与卡林那循环联合的热发电系统

本文提出了一种带间冷回热的太阳能燃气轮机与卡林那循环组成的联合循环发电系统,对其热力性能进行了分析,并研究了关键运行参数对热力性能影响。塔式太阳能接收器将经过间冷压缩的压缩空气加热至1000℃用以驱动燃气轮机做功。卡林那循环用以回收燃气余热发电。基于蔡睿贤的比较法,推导出了该系统太阳能热发电效率的简明解析式。结果表明,当燃气轮机入口温度为1000℃时,该系统的(火用)效率和太阳能热发电效率分别可达到29%和27.5%,比太阳能燃气-蒸汽联合循环分别高1.8%和1.6%。该系统的提出,为提高太阳能热发电系统的太阳能热发电效率提供了一种方法,并且对太阳能热发电耗水大的问题提供了一个解决途径。     

热声发电系统中的拍频效应研究

热声发电是一种新型的发电技术,可有效利用太阳能、工业废热等低品位能源,具有广阔的应用前景。由于存在气体谐振管和发电机两个谐振机构,行波热声发电系统内可能会出现两个频率相近的压力波耦合振荡现象,即拍频现象,影响系统稳定运行。本文基于热力学分析法开展了热声发电系统中拍频效应的理论研究,在时域内得到并分析了不同加热温度下压力增长或衰减的拍频振荡现象。     

1kW碟式太阳能行波热声发电系统

碟式太阳能行波热声发电是近年来兴起的新型热发电技术,具有可靠性好、潜在效率高、分布灵活等优点。本文介绍了正在研制的一套1 kW碟式太阳能行波热声发电系统。该系统利用碟式集热器收集太阳辐射热量,通过高温热管将热量传输到发动机热端,再采用行波热声发电机进行热-电转换。初步调试采用高频加热模拟太阳能,以3.5 MPa氦气为工质、加热温度为751℃和798℃时分别实现了116 W和255 W的电功输出。实验验证了系统的可行性。目前系统的安装调试仍在进行中,相关的实验结果将在后续的文章中进行报道。     

发电方式知多少

传统的发电方式主要有火力发电、水力发电、核电等．近年来，环境问题受到高度重视，从可持续发展考虑，新能源利用越来越显示出优越性，随之新能源发电也应运而生，其中包括地热发电、太阳能发电、风力发电、海洋能发电、生物质能发电等．本文就几种常见发电方式做以归纳介绍，以供参考。     

腔式太阳能吸热器热性能的模拟计算

腔式吸热器是塔式太阳能热发电系统中非常关键的一个部件,它的性能直接关系到整个发电系统的效率,因此对吸热器内的太阳能热流密度及吸热器的效率进行计算在吸热器设计中便显得尤为重要.本文提出了一种综合计算的方法来解决这个问题:首先利用蒙特卡罗(Monte Carlo)方法来模拟吸热器内太阳光束的行为,得到吸热器内的太阳能热流密度分布;然后利用流动换热的相应公式计算出吸热器内吸热管道的壁温;接着再对吸热器内空气的流场进行计算得到吸热器管道的热损失.利用这种综合计算的方法可以估算出太阳能在吸热器表面的热流密度分布以及吸热器的效率,为吸热器设计提供一定的理论指导.     

一种充分利用热能的温差发电燃气灶

现今, 能源危机和环境污染的问题日益严重, 节能环保成为人们关注的话题. 本文介绍的温差发电是一 种绿色环保发电方式, 它可以合理利用太阳能、 地热能、 海洋热能、 工业余热等低品位能源转化为电能. 所提出的方 案主要是通过利用两种不同类型的热电转换材料两端产生温差进而形成电势差的物理原理研发出一种充分利用热 能的温差发电燃气灶, 不仅提高了原燃气灶对燃气的利用率, 而且还能将燃气余热转化为电能     

低品位热能有机朗肯循环发电技术进展

有机朗肯循环发电技术是基于有机朗肯循环(Organic Rankine Cycle, ORC),利用低沸点有机工质,将低品位的余热资源转换为高品位的电能的先进技术,能够有效提高能源的利用率,减少能源损失。针对工业过程中大量中低温余热受到各种限制难以回收利用难题,全面综述了有机工质朗肯循环低温余热发电技术现状和进展,具体包括循环工质、关键设备、系统优化以及产业应用等。分析表明,该技术可广泛用于地热能、生物质能、太阳热能等领域的低品位热能开发与利用,其产业化推广将有效提高普遍存在的低温余热利用效率。     

Applications of nanomaterials in the different fields of photosciences

Current developments in nanostructured materials and nanotechnology will have profound impact in many areas such as energy technologies and biomedical applications. These include solar cells, energy storage, environmental control, tissue engineering, bioprobe, biomarking, cancer diagnosis, cancer therapy, and drug delivery. Our recent work covers a wide range of nanomaterials research for a variety of applications including to produce organic-inorganic nanocomposites which will be used in for constructing light emitting diodes, photovoltaic cells, future organic solar cells etc, biomedicine and photocatalytic. In this article the chief scientific and technical aspects of nanotechnology are introduced and some of its potential applications have been discussed.     

EHD in thermal energy systems - A review of the applications,modelling, and experiments

Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) is recognized as a technology with high energy efficiency, which can be used in various thermal energy systems. Researchers performed many experimental and numerical studies on this topic to investigate its potential applications in thermo-fluid systems. This survey reviews the existing researches performed on different applications of EHD in thermal energy systems containing boiling, condensing, drying, evaporating, and solar energy systems. Capability, limitations, and applications of this technique in each system are investigated and listed, pursued by a number of conclusions and suggestions.     

高性能太阳能固体吸附式制冷与供热联合循环研究

以电加热器为热驱动源,对所提出的太阳能供热与制冷联合循环的复合机系统进行了实际测试及性能分析。实验结果表明,供热与制冷联合循环的复合机装置,能有效地应用于太阳能为驱动源的固体吸附式制冷装置之中,并在制冷的同时对外供热,系统的总能利用得到了较大的提高,为太阳能制冷技术的有效利用作出了积极的探索。     

Bulk solar grade silicon: how chemistry and physics play to get a benevolent microstructured material

The availability of low-cost alternatives to electronic grade silicon has been and still is the condition for the extensive use of photovoltaics as an efficient sun harvesting system. The first step towards this objective was positively carried out in the 1980s and resulted in the reduction in cost and energy of the growth process using as feedstock electronic grade scraps and a variety of solidification procedures, all of which deliver a multi-crystalline material of high photovoltaic quality. The second step was an intense R&D activity aiming at defining and developing at lab scale a new variety of silicon, called “solar grade” silicon, which should fulfil the requirement of both cost effectiveness and high conversion efficiency. The third step involved and still involves the development of cost-effective technologies for the manufacture of solar grade silicon, in alternative to the classical Siemens route, which relays, as is well-known, to the pyrolitic decomposition of high-purity trichlorosilane and which is, also in its more advanced versions, extremely energy intensive. Aim of this paper is to give the author’s viewpoint about some open questions concerning bulk solar silicon for PV applications and about challenges and chances of novel feedstocks of direct metallurgical origin.     

纳米流体辐射特性理论分析与实验研究

随着人类社会的飞速发展,能源紧缺、环境污染问题日益严重。当下,开发新能源、发展新能源技术已成为全球各国首要能源策略。作为一种清洁能源,太阳能蕴藏着巨大能量,太阳能利用和相关技术在世界范围内也引起了广泛关注。基于纳米流体的太阳能直接吸收式集热装置能够耦合光伏与光热技术,有利于提高太阳能综合利用的效率。由于纳米流体辐射理论对于开发新的光伏热实验平台具有重要的作用,而纳米流体辐射特性研究仍处于起步阶段,所以对于纳米流体辐射规律及机理的研究具有重要的意义。首先综述了纳米流体辐射特性的研究现状,并对纳米流体的辐射特性进行了理论研究,进而采用瑞利散射模型和Mie(米氏)模型对纳米流体最重要的辐射特性之一的透射率进行了理论分析;而后运用实验进行对比验证,分析不同理论模型与实验数据间的吻合性。结果表明：Mie模型比瑞利散射模型更加准确,在光伏热实验平台开发利用中具有更好的适用性。该研究旨在利用纳米颗粒改变流体对太阳能的辐射特性,探索一种实际设计时纳米流体辐射特性简易高效的计算准则,并得到影响纳米流体辐射特性的重要因素之一的体积分数的变化规律,从而提高太阳能直接吸收式集热装置的太阳能利用率。纳米流体辐射特性理论的分析与研究,有利于促进纳米技术在太阳能领域的应用,提高太阳能的综合利用效率。     

Properties and perspectives of ultrawide bandgap Ga2O3 in optoelectronic applications

Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) is an ultrawide bandgap semiconducting material that has been developed for many advanced technology and engineering applications and has potential uses in power devices, optoelectronics and sensing applications because of its high-quality material properties and availability of economically intrinsic substrates. Understanding the properties and applications of Ga₂O₃ aids in expanding its usage into new fields. This review summarises the crystal structure, polymorphism, thermal properties and optical and optoelectronic device applications of Ga₂O₃. As a wide bandgap semiconductor, this material has elicited new research interests on the basis of fundamental technologies, leading to various types of applications, including those in the optoelectronic field, such as light-emitting diodes and solar cells. Ga₂O₃ devices consume less power and have relatively low production cost, making them suitable for mass production. Issues, such as low thermal conductivity and anisotropic crystals in Ga₂O₃ structures, have been discussed; and suggestions, such as the doping method, have been provided to improve the electrical and optical properties of Ga₂O₃. The potential, challenges and progress of Ga₂O₃, particularly as an emerging material for high-power and deep-ultraviolet optoelectronic devices, are also reviewed and presented.     

Role of surface and interface science in chemical vapor deposition diamond technology

Diamond is well known as the hardest material in nature. It also has other unique bulk physical and mechanical properties, such as very high thermal conductivity and broad optical transparency, which enable a number of new applications now that large areas of diamond can be fabricated by the new diamond plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technologies. However, some of the most interesting properties of diamond, including the ability to be grown over large areas by CVD processes, result not from its bulk properties but from its special and unique surface chemistry. The surface chemistry derived properties are as remarkable as the bulk properties, and in the end may enable the development of new applications, technologies, and industries which are at least as important as those based on the bulk properties. Some of these surface properties are extreme chemical inertness, low surface energy, low friction coefficients, negative electron affinity, biological inertness, and high over-voltage electrode behavior. The surface science and some of the interesting ongoing research in these areas are explored and illustrated, and unresolved questions are highlighted.     

太阳能甲醇重整制氢-发电联产系统

基于不同用能系统整合和能的综合梯级利用思路,研究提出一种新颖的太阳能甲醇重整制氢-发电联产系统.将太阳能甲醇重整制氢与发电有机整合,不仅合理地利用中低温太阳能,同时实现甲醇重整制氢弛放气的综合利用.新的联产系统具有优良的热力性能,化石能源的相对节能率达到29%,制氢单位能耗降低为0.85 GJ/GJ-H2.研究表明,减小能量转化传递过程的品位差和合理利用太阳能热是系统节能的关键所在.研究成果将为太阳能多功能能源系统发展提供新方案与新思路.     

Technological Research of a Clean Energy Router Based on Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage System

As a fundamental infrastructure of energy supply for future society, energy Internet (EI) can achieve clean energy generation, conversion, storage and consumption in a more economic and safer way. This paper demonstrates the technology principle of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system (AA-CAES), as well as analysis of the technical characteristics of AA-CAES. Furthermore, we propose an overall architectural scheme of a clean energy router (CER) based on AA-CAES. The storage and mutual conversion mechanism of wind and solar power, heating, and other clean energy were designed to provide a key technological solution for the coordination and comprehensive utilization of various clean energies for the EI. Therefore, the design of the CER scheme and its efficiency were analyzed based on a thermodynamic simulation model of AA-CAES. Meanwhile, we explored the energy conversion mechanism of the CER and improved its overall efficiency. The CER based on AA-CAES proposed in this paper can provide a reference for efficient comprehensive energy utilization (CEU) (93.6%) in regions with abundant wind and solar energy sources.