紫外-真空紫外漫反射板的研究

选用在紫外－真空紫外波段反射率较高的铝作基底材料,通过光学研磨加工和光学镀膜处理制成漫反射板;建立了紫外－真空紫外波段漫反射特性测试研究装置,利用该系统进行漫 反射板余弦特性、双向反射比分布函数的测试。结果表明,该漫反射板反射比ρ（ｏ／ｄ）在３１５ｎｍ处为４９％;在正入射情况下,双向反射比分布函数在１５℃￣４０℃范围内偏差优于１１％。     

真空紫外反射率计用于BRDF的测量

：介绍了一种真空紫外反射率计,采用间接测量方法,在该反射率计测试了聚四氟乙烯漫反射板的双向反射率分布函数（ＢＲＤＦ）,正入射时该聚四氟乙烯漫反射板１５°到７５°的双向反射率分布函数偏差为１３％。     

紫外光谱辐射定标中的漫反射板反射特性研究

建立了紫外波段漫反射板双向反射分布函数的测量装置,研究了在特定接收条件下铝漫反射板双向反射分布函数(BRDF)随入射角的变化,并对测量误差作了相应的分析,漫反射板定标的相对精度小于2.5%。测量了铝漫反射板从250～650nm的半球反射比。随着波长的增加,铝漫反射板的半球反射比略呈上升趋势,在紫外探测仪的探测波段300～360nm之间变化约6%。监测了铝漫反射板的半球反射比随时间的长期变化。铝漫反射板在制备一年后,其半球反射比基本保持稳定,在紫外探测仪的探测波段300～360nm范围内,其半球反射比平均下降约0.9%。     

CO_2探测仪星上定标铝漫反射板的制备与试验

为了研制CO2探测仪定标漫反射板,采用物理研磨和化学腐蚀相结合的工艺方法制作了铝漫反射板试验样块,搭建了相对双向反射分布函数和半球反射率的测试装置。在0°和45°入射光的情况下,对可见近红外波段的测试结果表明：表面粗糙度影响铝漫反射板的朗伯特性,240#研磨砂制作的漫射板的朗伯特性最佳;化学腐蚀不仅能提高铝漫反射板的朗伯特性,也能提高铝漫反射板的半球反射率。当选取碱蚀温度为室温20℃、NaOH溶液浓度为52.6 g/L时,最佳腐蚀时间约为4 min;镀膜使铝漫反射板的半球反射率平均提高20%,但会使其朗伯特性稍变差;不同波长处铝漫反射板的相对双向反射分布函数略有不同,但变化趋势相同。实验确定了影响漫反射板漫反射特性的关键参数,并定量优化了这些工艺参数,为进一步研制CO2探测仪星上定标漫反射板提供了依据。     

硫酸钡漫反射板在250～400 nm光谱辐射亮度标定中的应用研究

表面喷涂硫酸钡的漫反射板正入射时是最接近朗伯特性的用于标定光谱辐射亮度的实用漫反射板。通过实验测量硫酸钡漫反射板 2 5 0～ 4 0 0nm的半球反射率和双向反射分布函数表明 ,实测的双向反射分布函数与假定漫反射板为朗伯表面根据测量的半球反射率计算的双向反射分布函数的相对差值为 6 7% ,实测的双向反射分布函数随散射角的变化可达 2 8%。为提高光谱辐射亮度标定的准确性 ,考虑双向反射分布函数的微小变化和漫反射板上的光谱辐射照度的不均匀性 ,通过对光谱仪视场内每一小面元积分 ,最后可精确求得所测光谱辐射亮度 ,并标定光谱仪的光谱辐射亮度     

铝漫反射板200～300 nm相对双向反射分布函数的实验研究

选择了合适的测量方式．建立了铝漫反射板的相对双向反射向反射分布函数的测量装置。通过实验研究铝漫反射板的相对双向反射分布函数在不同情况下的性质表明：不同表面粗糙度的铝漫反射板相对双向反射分布函数随入射角度的变化趋势有所不同;表面镀A1 MgF2膜反射率可增大约1．5到3倍;相对双向反射分布函数在200～280nm之间不随波长改变,波长大于280nm时,随波长略有增加,最大13％。根据实验数据绘出的二维等值线图反映了光辐射以不同角度入射、观测角度固定情况下的铝漫反射板的相对双向反射分布函数的变化,对实验数据拟合得到在该情况下的铝漫反射板的相对双向反射分布函数的较精确的数学表达式。     

遥感、空间光学仪器

选择了合适的测量方式,建立了铝漫反射板的相对双向反射向反射分布函数的测量装置。通过实验研究铝漫反射板的相对双向反射分布函数在不同情况下的性质表明:不同表面粗糙度的铝漫反射板相对双向反射分布函数随人射角度的变化趋势有所不同;表面镀Al MgFZ膜反射率可增大约1.5到3倍;相对双     

真空紫外铝+氟化镁膜偏振特性的研究

研究了铝＋氟化镁膜在真空紫外波段的偏振特性。理论上数值模拟计算了铝＋氟化镁膜在真空紫外波段的反射率及其与入射平面平行和垂直两方面的分量，分析了铝＋氟化镁膜反射率的两分量随入射条件和氟化镁膜厚度的变化规律，在此基础上研究了铝＋氟化镁膜的偏振特性，并与单层铝膜的相应特性作了比较，以氟化锂堆作偏振器，在Seya-Namioka真空紫外反射率计上实验研究了铝＋氟化镁膜的偏振特性。研究结果表明，铝＋氟化镁膜的偏振特性由于受到氟化镁厚度的调制，存在反射率的垂直分量小于平行分量的情形，从而使铝＋氟化镁膜的消光比在非正入射的条件下接近1。理论计算结果与实验结果一致。     

星上定标漫反射板设计研究

星上定标器作为遥感卫星在轨辐射定标装置,定标漫反射板(SD)作为定标器中的参考标准板,其结构设计的可靠性将直接影响到星上定标器的定标精度。为了得到星上定标漫反射板结构在航天力学条件下的响应情况,通过振动实验台模拟对其进行加速度过载和随机振动响应特性进行了测试,获得了定标漫反射板组件的加速度过载响应特性、固有频率和随机振动响应特性。同时,为了考察星上定标漫反射板的光学特性,进行了方向半球反射比(DHR)、双向反射分布函数(BRDF)等光学特性的测量。结果表明,漫反射板组件在航天力学条件下强度和刚度都满足设计要求,基频大于120 Hz;而且漫反射板具备高反射率(大于99%)、光谱平坦性、朗伯性等优良光学特性,满足航天应用要求。     

星载铝漫反射板光谱特性测量研究

星载成像光谱仪在轨通过漫反射板获取太阳参考谱时，漫反射板自身光谱结构会引入到太阳参考谱中，影响气体的反演精度。基于此，分析了漫反射板光谱结构产生原理，并在实验室完成了铝漫反射板光谱特性的测量，得到了铝漫反射板在观测角度[15°, 40°]内的光谱结构。由结果可知，在波段450～600 nm，SFA基本保持不变，大小为0.2%～0.6%；在波段600～750 nm，SFA逐渐增大，SFA为0.3%～1.6%。对光谱结构的降低进行了讨论，通过对漫反射板的光谱进行平滑校正，可将光谱结构降低约76%。     

The structure and molecular orientation of polytetrafluoroethylene coatings deposited from active gas phase

The molecular structure of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coatings deposited on aluminium substrates was investigated by the method of attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). It has been shown experimentally that PTFE coatings deposited by the electron-beam dispersion method have molecular orientation and are ordered nonmonotonously during the process of coating growth. Maximum order and orientation of molecules along the normal to the substrate are observed in an interfacial layer located within up to 100 nm to the substrate. The observed morphological and orientation features of the formed layers were explained using the proposed adsorption-diffusion mechanism of polymer coating formation.     

A non-standard auxiliary integrating sphere and correction method for the realization of diffuse reflectance

To realize spectral diffuse reflectance scale in 0/d geometric condition at National Institute of Metrology in China (NIM), a facility based on a non-standard auxiliary integrating sphere method with special structure has been built up and a correction method for the influence on the thickness of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) coating at the port of auxiliary integrating sphere is mainly discussed. The uncertainty of spectral diffuse reflectance in NIM is approximately 0.25% (k = 2) in 380–800 nm. This facility has been used to establish China diffuse reflectance scales in the VIS–NIR part of the spectrum. This system and correction method presented in this paper can be easily implemented on most commercial spectrophotometers with a lower cost.     

Molecular structure and optical properties of PTFE-based nanocomposite polymer-metal coatings

The molecular organization of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thin coatings with incorporated Ag, Cu, and Mo nanoparticles that are deposited from an active gas component has been studied. Polyethylene terephtalate film coated by aluminium served as a substrate. The active gas component was produced by electron beam dispersion of original components in vacuum. The effect of metal particle size and its nature on the molecular structure of coatings have been investigated. Dichroism of thin nanocomposite coatings has been examined by polarized Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using an attenuated total reflection unit. The morphology of the coatings has been analyzed by transmission (TEM), atomic-force (AFM), and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy. It is found that introduction of a metal (Ag or Cu) yields oriented layers at a lesser efficient thickness of a coating. The surface plasmon resonance of such structures was studied by measuring optical absorption of the coatings in the ultraviolet and visible ranges. The results show that the composite coatings containing Ag clusters are diameter less than 30 nm and absorb within the short-wave range from 400 to 550 nm.     

Analytical Potential Energy Function for Doubly Charged Ions O2+2, Be2+2 and He2+2

A new analytical potential function is proposed in our preceding paper as which can be used to describe the potential curves for doubly charged diatomic ions with both potential minimum and maximum where ρ=R-Rmin, if R=Rmin, ρ=0, if R=Rmax, ρ=Rmax-Rmin. The parameters a1～a4 are obtained by a least-squares fit based on the ab initio calculations, the values of parameters Rmin and Rmax are fixed from the same calculations. The application of this function is quite flexibly, for it can be also used to describe the potential curves without any potential minimum and maximum, i.e., no stationary point, where ρ=R. The present paper is to examine the proposed potential function form further by describing potential curves of O2+2, Be2+2 and He2+2. The calculations using the theoretical method CID with basis set 6-311++G* have showed the Rmin() and Rmax() to be 1.045 and 1.60, 2.141 and 3.50, and 0.736 and 1.05 for the ground state X1Σ+g of O2+2, Be2+2 and He2+2, respectively, which are in good agreement with reference data. The analytical potential function for the ground state of these doubly charged diatomic ions have been successfully derived for the first time     

星载石英漫反射板双向反射分布函数实验测量研究

石英漫反射板用于星载大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪测量太阳参考谱的观测系统中,太阳光谱的测量精度将会直接影响痕量气体反演的精度,为保证载荷全视场太阳光谱的测量精度,石英漫反射板需具有良好的朗伯特性,在仪器观测视场内能够提供均匀的光源。为此,在实验室利用双向反射分布函数(BRDF)测量仪,选取F4(聚四氟乙烯)粉压制板作为标准板,采用相对测量法对研制的四种石英漫反射板样品进行了朗伯特性测量,得出了四种样品在波长180~880nm、观测角度-70°~+70°范围内的BRDF。通过对样品BRDF的分析,筛选出了两种工艺下的朗伯特性较好的石英漫反射板作为初选样品,并测量比较了石英漫反射板和F4标准板对太阳光的漫反射光谱,石英漫反射板对太阳光的反射特性较好,可以作为测量用漫反射板获取太阳参考谱。为进一步的紫外辐照、原子氧侵蚀等试验以及对比试验提供了数据支持。     

Spectroscopic properties of nano-sized cerium-doped lutetium aluminum garnet phosphors via sol-gel combustion process

Nano-sized cerium-doped lutetium aluminum garnet (LuAG:Ce) phosphors were prepared via a sol-gel combustion process from a mixed aqueous solution of metal nitrates, using glycine as a fuel. The prepared LuAG:Ce phosphors were characterized by XRD, EPMA, and TEM, respectively. The spectroscopic properties of the phosphors were investigated. The as-prepared phosphors are agglomerated with a primary particle size of about 30 nm and have a foamy-like morphology. The pure crystalline LuAG:Ce with uniform size of 40 nm was obtained after calcined at 1000 °C for 2 h. The excitation spectrum shows two bands localized at 350 and 450 nm due to transitions from the 4f ground state to the excited 5d band. Both the photoluminescence excited by UV and the radioluminescence excited by X-ray show the same two emission bands, corresponding to transitions from the lowest 5d excited state (²D) to the 4f ground state of Ce³⁺ (²F_5/2,²F_7/2).     

Electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance of nonuniformly mechanically strained films (30 nm) of the La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 manganite

The structure, electrical resistivity, and magnetoresistance of predominantly oriented La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃(30 nm)/LaAlO₃ films are investigated after partial relaxation of biaxial mechanical stresses. The negative magnetoresistance MR of the films reaches a maximum at T = 235–240 K. The full width at half-maximum of the peak in the curve MR(T) for a film is five to six times greater than that for a manganite layer grown on a substrate with a small lattice mismatch. For T < 150 K, the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity ρ of the films is fitted well by the relationship ρ = ρ₀ + ρ₁ (H)T ^4.5, where ρ₀ ≡ ρ(T = 4.2 K) and ρ₁(H) is a parameter that is independent of temperature but dependent on the magnetic field H. The parameter ρ₁(H = 0) for the La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃(30 nm)/LaAlO₃ films is several times larger than that for thin manganite layers only weakly strained by the substrate. The electrical resistivity ρ₁ decreases almost linear as the quantity μ₀ H increases in the field range 1–5 T.     

Effect of aluminium doping and annealing on structural and optical properties of cerium oxide nanocrystals

Nanocrystalline fluorite-like structures of Ce_1−xAl_xO_2−δ compounds were prepared by the chemical precipitation method using cerium chloride and aluminium chloride as precursors. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The effects of aluminium doping concentration and annealing on particle size, lattice parameter and band gap energies were investigated. The particle size of Al-doped CeO₂ samples were found to decrease with Al concentration and it increases from 6 to 20 nm as annealing temperature increases to 900 °C.