Comparative Study of Activity of Different Agings of Aluminum Nanopowders

The structure and activity of aluminum nanopowders with a 3nm oxide layer on their surface （3-nm-OLA） and 30nm oxide layers on their surface （30-nm-OLA） are investigated comparably under the same normal incident shock wave intensity. Their corresponding reaction products are characterized by x-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The spectrum of x-ray diffraction shows that there are different phases of alumina in their products, which evidences directly the different reacting temperature in the shock tube. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the oxide layer thickness is 30 nm on the product surface of 30-nm-OLA, while it is only 3 nm on 3-nm-OLA. Images of transmission electron microscopy present additional evidence that the agglomeration mechanism is over sintering one in the containing-30-nm-OLA system, the reversed mechanism is observed in the containing-3-nm-OLA reaction system.     

The near-Surface Region of Cubic Boron Nitride Single Crystal from the Li3N-hBN System

Cubic boron nitride single crystals are synthesized with lithium nitride as a catalyst under high pressure and high temperature. The main phases in the near-surface region, which around the single crystal are determined as a mixture of hexagonal boron nitride （hBN）, cubic boron nitride （cBN） and lithium boron nitride （Li3BN2）. High resolution transmission electron microscopy examinations show that there exist lots of nanometer-sized cubic boron nitride nuclei in this region. The interface phase structures of cubic boron nitride crystal and its near-surface region are investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy. The growth mechanism of cubic boron nitride crystal is analyzed briefly. It is supposed that LisBN2 impels the direct conversion of hBN to cBN as a real catalyst, and cBN is homogeneously nucleated in the molten state under high pressure and high temperature.     

Morphology and photoluminescence of BaAl12O19:Mn2+ green phosphor prepared by flux method

This paper reports that the green phosphor BaAl11.9O19:0.1Mn2+ is prepared by a flux assisted solid state reaction method.The effect of flux systems on the crystal structure,morphology and luminescent properties of the phosphor are studied in detail.The samples are characterized by the application of x-ray diffraction patterns,scanning electron microscopy patterns,luminescent spectra and decay curves.The results show that a pure phase BaAl12O19 can be achieved at the firing temperature above 1300℃ by adding the proper flux system,the firing temperature is reduced at least 200℃ in comparison with the conventional solid state reaction method.Maximum photoluminescence emission intensity is observed at 517 nm for(AlF3+Li2CO3) flux system under vacuum ultraviolet region(147 nm) excitation.The photoluminescence emission intensity and the decay time of these phosphor is found to be more superior to that of the corresponding sample prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method implying the suitability of this route for the preparation of display device worthy phosphor materials.     

Nano-Crystalline Diamond Films with Pineapple-Like Morphology Grown by the DC Arcjet vapor Deposition Method

A nano-crystlline diamond film is grown by the dc arcjet chemical vapor deposition method. The film is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）, x-ray diffraction （XRD） and Ftaman spectra, respectively. The nanocrystalline grains are averagely with 80hm in the size measured by XRD, and further proven by Raman and HRTEM. The observed novel morphology of the growth surface, pineapple-like morphology, is constructed by cubo-octahedral growth zones with a smooth faceted top surface and coarse side surfaces. The as-grown film possesses （100） dominant surface containing a little amorphous sp2 component, which is far different from the nano-crystalline film with the usual cauliflower-like morphology.     

Interaction of Shock Waves in Cement Mortar Plate Investigated by the Digital Speckle Correlation Method

Interaction of shock waves in cement mortar plate is studied by digital speckle correlation method and digital high-speed photography technique. When the plates were destroyed by two detonators exploding at the same time, variation of shock wave field is obtained. Experimental results show that the interaction of shock waves will result in a nonlinear huge increase of local normal strain, leading to large deformation and serious destruction. However, the occurrence of this strongly nonlinear phenomenon sensitively depends on the interval between detonators, and it will only appear when the interval is smaller than the diameter of the region where shock waves exist.     

Growth of threaded AIN whiskers by a physical vapor transport method

Threaded aluminum nitride （A1N） whiskers are grown by a physical vapor transport method in a radio-frequency induction heating furnace. The resultant whiskers are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence. The analysis shows that the whiskers are single-crystalline, wurtzite AIN. The threaded A1N whiskers are 0.5 μm~100 μm in diameter and several millimeters in length in the fiber direction, and have lots of tiny sawteeth on the surface. The morphology of this threaded A1N whisker is beneficial for bonding when the whisker is used in composite. The growth of the whiskers is dominated by the vapor-solid （VS） mechanism, and the particular morphology might result from an oscillating condition produced in the radio-frequency induction heating furnace.     

Low-Temperature Solid State Synthesis and Characterization of Superconducting Vanadium Nitride

Superconducting vanadium nitride(VN) is successfully synthesized by a solid-state reaction of vanadium pentoxide, sodium amide and sulfur in an autoclave at a relatively low temperature(240-400℃). The obtained samples are characterized by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The result of the magnetization of the obtained VN product as a function of temperature indicates that the onset superconducting transition temperature is about 8.4 K. Furthermore, the possible reaction mechanism is also discussed.     

Canted antiferromagnetic and optical properties of nanostructures of Mn2O3 prepared by hydrothermal synthesis

We have reported new magnetic and optical properties of Mn2O3 nanostructures.The nanostructures have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method combined with the adjustment of pH values in the reaction system.The particular characteristics of the nanostructures have been analyzed by employing X-Ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) analysis,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),Raman spectroscopy(RS),UV-visible spectroscopy,and the vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).Structural investigation manifests that the synthesized Mn2O3 nanostructures are orthorhombic crystal.Magnetic investigation indicates that the Mn2O3 nanostructures are antiferromagnetic and the antiferromagnetic transition temperature is at TN=83 K.Furthermore,the Mn2O3 nanostructures possess canted antiferromagnetic order below the Neel temperature due to spin frustration,resulting in hysteresis with large coercivity(1580 Oe) and remnant magnetization(1.52 emu/g).The UV-visible spectrophotometry was used to determine the transmittance behaviour of Mn2O3 nanostructures.A direct optical band gap of 1.2 eV was acquired by using the Davis-Mott model.The UV-visible spectrum indicates that the absorption is prominent in the visible region,and transparency is more than 80% in the UV region.     

Effect of growth temperature on morphology, structure and luminescence of Tb-doped BN thin films

This paper investigates the effect of growth temperature on morphology,structure and photoluminescence(PL) of Tb-doped boron nitride(BN) films grown by magnetron sputtering,and the relationships of growth-temperature-structure-PL by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and PL.The characteristic emission lines of the Tb3+ were observed in the PL spectra at room temperature.The 473-K-grown film is mainly consisted of amorphous BN particles.With the growth temperature increasing up to 1273 K,the amount of amorphous BN decreases,while the amount of turbostratic BN increases.Correspondingly,the PL intensities from the Tb3+ ions increase with the increase of temperature in the range of 473-1273 K.     

Preparation and Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity for Photocatalyst of Permeable Glass Membrane/TiO2 Doped with Co

The photocatalyst of permeable glass membrane/TiO2 doped with Co （permeable glass membrane/TiO2 doped with Co） is prepared by the sol-gel method. The morphology and phase of the samples are determined by the field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） and x-ray diffraction experiment, respectively. The photo- catalytic results show that the photocatalyst is sensitive to the visible light and exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity of photodegradation methylene blue. The photocatalytic mechanism is also discussed.