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1.
王鹏  杨培军 《物理通报》2016,35(3):113-115
本文分析了电路接通时以及断开后电路中的电场强度和电荷分布情况, 说明了电路闭合时为什么有恒 定电流和电路断开时电路中为什么没有电流, 并强调了平时教学中要慎用类比推理方法  相似文献   

2.
替續器     
替续器(也叫做继电器)一股是指在一部分电路中的电流改变时利用它來控制另一部分电路的通或断的設备。例如第一图是一种电磁替续器的基本构造的示意图。綫圈沒有电流时,接点a接通,接点b断开。当綫卷中电流有足够强度使衡鉄被吸下时,接点b接通,接点a断开。这样,接点b所控制的电路就接通了。反过来如果用接点a,就可以使一个电路断开。  相似文献   

3.
利用超高速相机,在曝光时间100 ns时,对不同能量下激光在氮气气体开关中形成的火花通道进行拍照,得到了不同焦距下激光波长266 nm时激光火花通道长度与激光能量的关系。开展了激光触发气体火花开关的实验研究,激光触发开关延时、抖动随激光能量的增加而减小。将火花通道长度与激光触发开关的特性进行了分析,气体开关的抖动随着激光火花通道长度的增加而减小,当火花通道沿电极间轴向长度达到开关电极间距40%时,开关的抖动为亚ns量级。  相似文献   

4.
气体火花开关放电的数值模拟   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
 基于Rompe-Weizel火花动态电阻公式,数值计算了电容器经火花开关放电时负载电阻上的输出电压。在相同电参数条件下,计算所得的峰值电压为54 kV,前沿为2.0 ns,与实验所得的55 kV和2.3 ns基本吻合。基于Braginskii火花动态电阻公式,在假定火花开关电导率恒定与电导率渐变的条件下,利用传输线放电电路数值计算了气体火花开关的非线性动态电阻。与已有实验测量结果(0.7~0.9 Ω)对比,发现电导率渐变模型(0.5~0.8 Ω)更适合用于反映火花开关的动态电阻变化过程。进而在此模型中引入了负载电阻项,通过计算负载端的透射电流,数值计算得单脉冲形成线对负载放电时的电压脉冲前沿为7~9 ns,而利用单线经高压氢气自击穿火花开关放电得到初步实验结果为8 ns。  相似文献   

5.
测定电源电动势和内电阻的方法很多,在《稳恒电流》这一章中就介绍了五种测量方法.1.课文73页讲到“外电路断开时的路端电压等于电源的电动势”.如图1所示,断开 K,伏特表测出断路时的路端电压等于电源电动势.2.课本74页例题介绍了利用一块安培表和两个定值电阻测定电动势和内阻电路.如图2所示.  相似文献   

6.
报道了采用激光点火辅助火花诱导击穿光谱技术分析铝合金中痕量元素时的分析行为。用低能量激光脉冲聚焦于样品表面并在放电电极之间产生等离子体来触发高压火花放电以改善火花诱导击穿光谱技术的分析行为。在当前空间几何配置下,研究得到了最佳的放电电压和储能电容等参数并在最佳实验条件下分析了样品中的铜元素,其检出限达到0.7ppm。激光点火的辅助手段改善了火花诱导击穿光谱技术在元素分析时信号的稳定性、提高了分析精度。同时它还能够有效地降低放电电压,改善其空间分辨本领。研究表明激光点火辅助火花诱导击穿光谱技术具有灵敏度高、稳定性好以及具有较好的空间分辨本领的特点,非常适合于各种合金中的痕量元素分析。  相似文献   

7.
一般情况下,在断开外电路时,不能将电动势不同的两个电源并联起来,因为在电池组未对外供电时,E1E2构成的回路中有电流通过,E1>E2,E2是反电动势,E1对E2充电。但不能由此得出电动势不等的电池不能并联起来使用,电动势小的电池不能对外提供电能的结论.在图1中若先闭合K1,使K2断开,  相似文献   

8.
针对三电极气体火花开关工作时产生的强电磁辐射,首先对开关的导通电流及其电磁辐射进行了理论分析,利用CST电磁仿真软件对气体火花开关开展了静电场仿真研究,分析了开关短程导通时的击穿场强;其次对三电极气体火花开关的导通电流和远场辐射场强进行了实验测量,对实验结果进行分析和总结;最后采用电磁屏蔽方法对开关的强电磁辐射进行了有效抑制。研究结果可以为有关脉冲功率装置的电磁辐射及防护提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

9.
提出了一种基于Tesla变压器且带触发网络的多重火花间隙触发器设计方案。阐述了多重火花间隙在直流和脉冲信号下电压分布特性,并给出了其在脉冲电压作用下电压分布的主要影响因素。仿真分析了触发频率、分压电容和均压电阻对多重火花间隙电压分布的影响,确定了触发网络的最佳参数配置。以10级火花间隙为例,从触发器设计三要素,即脉冲陡度、输出幅值、带载能力出发,确定了Tesla型脉冲触发器的关键设计参数,当脉冲变压器的耦合系数为0.7,初级电感为2500 nH,次级电感为400 mH,初级电容为60F,初级电容充电电压为2.0 kV时,次级直接输出的触发高压可实现10级火花间隙的触发导通。结合多重火花间隙导通实验,对作用于多重火花间隙的触发器的工作过程进行实验验证。  相似文献   

10.
 基于紧凑重复频率Tesla变压器实验平台,运用设计加工的紧凑型内部气流循环式火花隙开关,对吹气提高火花隙开关重复频率运行性能进行系统的实验研究,结果表明:重复频率小于50 Hz时,火花隙开关击穿电压不稳定度(RMS)小于5%,不需要吹气;在给定吹气速度下,火花隙开关重复频率运行存在临界重复频率;火花隙开关重复频率运行存在最佳吹气速度,且最佳吹气速度与重复频率之间满足线性关系,并可由实验确定;在优化吹气速度条件下,当气压处于0.7~1.5 MPa范围时,该火花隙开关击穿电压不稳定度(RMS)小于3%;在2.0 MPa的压强范围内,该吹气式火花隙开关可稳定工作至重复频率300 Hz,击穿电压400 kV。  相似文献   

11.
平面火花隙三电极开关研制及性能测试   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
 研制了一种适用于平行板传输连接的平面火花隙三电极开关,开关正负电极为半圆形状,触发电极为细条状。将之替代立体式(半球形电极)火花隙三电极开关并应用于爆炸箔起爆装置中,装置回路参数将得以优化。实验测试了空气间隙为4.12, 3.14和2.2 mm的平面火花隙三电极开关的性能。结果表明,在开关间隙间距一定的情况下,随着电压的升高,开关间隙的放电时延和分散时间呈指数降低,开关电感小于15 nH;对于不同范围内的应用电压,使用不同间隙间距的开关,其分散时间不大于10 ns。该开关应用于较低充电电压(小于10 kV)的脉冲功率装置中,与立体式火花隙三电极开关相比,回路电感降低了约50 nH,放电周期缩短近1/3,峰值电流增加约1/3。  相似文献   

12.
 分析气体火花开关的电阻特性是研究开关能量损耗、电弧通道的热等离子过程、开关间隙绝缘恢复及输出脉冲特性的重要基础。基于气体开关的导通机理,建立了开关导通工作的电路模型,给出了与形成线、传输线联通的开关等效电路和开关电流表达式,分析了开关电感、电阻对电流增长(脉冲前沿)的影响。研究结果表明:对于大间距、高电压气体开关,火花电阻是影响开关输出脉冲前沿的主要因素。  相似文献   

13.
《Journal of Electrostatics》2006,64(3-4):263-272
Conventional tests for investigating the minimum ignition energy (MIE) of dust clouds are restricted to energies above a few mJ, due to the challenges of producing sparks of very low energies that can be synchronised with a transient dust cloud. In this paper, a new circuit for generating capacitive sparks of significantly lower energies than 1 mJ is presented. A measurement system for capturing voltage and current waveforms has been integrated in the circuit, offering the energy delivered to the spark by integration of the power-versus-time curve. When working with such low energy discharges, which are highly transient phenomena, attention must be paid to the measurement technique and methods of noise reduction in the measurement instruments.The measured spark energies range from 0.03 to 7 mJ, and they were found to constitute between 60 and 90 per cent of the energy stored on the discharge capacitors prior to breakdown. Losses to the measurement resistors are increasingly significant at higher energies and larger electrode gaps, due to the relatively large currents, and correspondingly small spark resistances.A simple circuit simulation, in which the spark conductivity is assumed proportional to the spark energy, offers voltage and current waveforms in good agreement with the measured ones, indicating that the spark is mainly resistive. In addition, the discharge channel's ability to carry current depends strongly on the supplied energy. The proportionality factor is found to depend on the breakdown voltage.  相似文献   

14.
The minimum ignition energy (MIE) of hydrogen–air mixture is measured using capacitive spark discharge. First, the effect of humidity on MIE is studied. It is shown that the MIE is approximately constant when the relative humidity increases from 0% to 90% at room temperature. This indicates that humidity has no significant influence on MIE. Next, the effect of spark duration on MIE is studied. The spark duration is increased by connecting a series resistor to the spark circuit. It is shown that the MIE is approximately constant when the spark duration is varied from 5 ns to 1 ms.  相似文献   

15.
Recently, laser ablation assisted spark induced breakdown spectroscopy (LA-SIBS) has been growing rapidly and continue to be extended to a broad range of materials analysis. Characterized by employing a specifically designed high voltage and pulse discharge circuit to generate a spark and used to enhance plasma emission produced by laser ablation, allows direct analysis of materials without prior sample preparation. This paper reviews recent development and application of laser ablation assisted spark induced breakdown spectroscopy for material analysis. Following a summary of fundamentals and instrumentation of the LA-SIBS analytical technique, the development and applications of laser ablation assisted spark induced breakdown spectroscopy for the analysis of conducting materials and insulating materials is described.  相似文献   

16.
搭建低电感实验回路平台,利用高速分幅相机拍摄火花开关放电通道发展过程,分析照片光强和放电通道半径的对应关系,根据图片光强测定不同时刻放电通道的半径,提出适合实验条件的放电通道半径计算公式。依据高压探头和Pearson线圈测量得到的放电通道电压和电流波形,计算放电通道的电阻,再利用测量的放电通道半径进而得到其电导率。放电通道半径随着放电通道的发展逐渐增大,有饱和的趋势,放电电流2 kA时电流峰值处放电通道半径约0.6 mm;随着放电电流峰值的增大,放电通道电阻下降速率增大,达到稳定值所需的时间减小,稳定值也随之减小,其电阻稳定值最小能达到0.08 。  相似文献   

17.
A plasma electrode potentially suitable for dc discharge pumped lasers has been developed based on the repetitive creation of a spark channel. The high-density plasma is a source of charge carriers for the dc discharge, thereby largely eliminating the cathode and anode falls. Potential reduction improves with increasing spark repetition frequency until about 9 kHz, at which point the falls are virtually eliminated. Fortuitously, the most beneficial regime of plasma electrode operation also appears to coincide with the optimum E/N range for CO2 laser vibrational excitation.  相似文献   

18.
为了进行大功率TEA CO2 激光器的研究工作,选用大功率旋转火花开关作为功率开关器件,制作了一种由高压谐振充电电路、高抗干扰的开关触发器、大功率旋转火花开关以及倒空式L-C反转电路等组成的脉冲激励电源。在大功率TEA CO2 激光器的实际工作中进行了测试和评估。实际结果表明,我们研制的脉冲激励电源可以满足大功率TEA CO2 激光器的特殊工作要求。其重复工作频率可以在100Hz~400Hz之间任意设定,输出工作电压可达40kV~50kV,电源平均功率大于220kW,电源峰值功率高达1000MW。  相似文献   

19.
《Current Applied Physics》2015,15(9):977-986
This paper presents a simulation model for the generation of strong pressure wave by means of pulsed spark discharge in water and its application to well cleaning. In the simulation model, one-dimensional time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic equations are coupled to a capacitive discharge circuit equation. A cylindrical conducting spark channel formed by electrical breakdown of water gap between a pair of electrodes is treated as a load of which resistance and inductance are allowed to change with time. For describing the spark channel properties accurately, precise calculations on thermodynamic properties and electrical conductivity are included in the simulation model. The simulation results show an excellent agreement with the experimentally measured shock pressure as well as the current and voltage waveforms. The simulation reveals that Joule heating of the spark channel during the very early phase of electrical discharge plays a key role in the formation of shock wave in water. The voltage on a capacitor at breakdown, the circuit inductance, and the resistance of the spark channel are found to be the most important parameters for the shock wave formation. With this technique, a pilot test for the cleaning of a clogged well has been performed in a water well which was constructed as a test-bed for riverbank filtration near the Anseong-cheon (river) in Korea. Well treatments have been carried out with an electrical energy of 510 J stored on a pulsed power system, at which the maximum shock pressure is measured to be around 7 MPa at the position of the well screen, i.e. 0.1 m away from the spark gap. A slug test shows 2.9 times improvement in the hydraulic conductivity of the well, which, combined with a visual inspection inside the well using an underwater camera, clearly demonstrates that the strong pressure wave generated by underwater spark discharge can effectively remove almost all incrustations formed in the well screen and thus improve well performance. Operating parameters for controlling the strength of shock pressure are discussed using the simulation model for extensive applications of the present technique to various types of water wells.  相似文献   

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