键合型PU/Eu(Cit)Phen荧光纳米纤维制备与表征

合成了含-OH(羟基)的Eu(Cit)Phen(铕-柠檬酸-邻菲咯啉)三元配合物与端-NCO(异氰酸酯)基PU(聚氨酯)预聚物,通过一OH与一NCO间加成反应及l,3.丙二醇扩链反应制备键合型PU/Complex稀土高分子材料,将其溶液经静电纺丝制得具有荧光性能的纳米纤维.采用FT-IR、SEM、XRD、DSC和PL对...     

环氧树脂对封端型水性聚氨酯树脂的改性研究

以聚醚多元醇、甲苯二异氰酸酯和二羟甲基丙酸为主要原料,丙烯酸单体封端,加入改性剂环氧树脂E-44,制备出稳定的水性聚氨酯分散体.红外光谱分析表明反应得到了水性聚氨酯结构;随着环氧树脂含量的增加,水性聚氨酯树脂粒径,黏度逐渐增大,乳液贮存稳定性下降,低温柔韧性变差,吸水率逐渐减小;甲基丙烷酸羟乙酯(HEMA)作为封端剂水性聚氨酯乳液高温稳定性优于季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(PETA)封端剂乳液;环氧树脂改性增加了水性聚氨酯树脂的热稳定性.     

对赖氨酸和精氨酸具选择性响应特性的聚二炔酸纳米粒子分散液

通过“非共价键合胶束”的方法制备聚二炔酸纳米粒子分散液,将二炔酸单体的乙醇溶液滴加到水中,通过254 nm紫外光照射聚合获得分散液.对于18种水溶性天然氨基酸,该体系对赖氨酸和精氨酸具有选择性响应.     

硅氧烷改性水性聚氨酯的制备及性能

用聚氧化丙烯二醇、聚醚接枝聚硅氧烷、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二羟甲基丙酸和1,4丁二醇进行聚合,并通过三乙胺直接水乳化法合成了一种新型硅氧烷改性的透明且稳定性好的水性聚氨酯乳液.用Fourier变换红外光谱、化学分析电子能谱、接触角仪、电子拉力试验机以及乳液稳定性测试对其进行研究,测试表明乳液稳定性好,聚硅氧烷链段已被化学键入聚氨酯分子链中,硅氧烷在乳胶膜表明富集,对聚氨酯材料有明显的表面改性作用.研究结果还表明,经少量硅氧烷改性的聚氨酯材料本体的力学性质变化不大,仍然是一种很好的弹性体.随着硅氧烷含量的增加,抗张强度提高,但断裂伸长率有所减小.     

AOT微乳体系中纳米银的可控合成及其紫外-可见光谱研究

在以琥珀酸二异辛酯磺酸钠(AOT)为表面活性剂、环己烷为连续相形成的W/O型微乳体系中,用增溶于微乳液水核中的AgNO₃为银源、水合肼为还原剂制备了纳米银溶胶,利用UV-Vis光谱分析了AgNO₃的浓度、AOT的浓度、还原剂的种类和水与表面活性剂的物质的量比(W)等参数对形成粒子数量及平均粒径的影响,为纳米银粒子的可控合成和纳米银的UV-Vis光谱解析提供了新的依据。研究表明,适当增大AgNO₃的浓度,有利于形成粒径较小的纳米银粒子;W值增大,形成粒子的平均粒径和粒子数量明显增加。和NaBH₄相比,水合肼在反胶束中的溶解性能较好,有利于微乳液反胶束中Ag+的还原。增大AOT的浓度,在一定范围内胶束对反应物的增溶能力增强,胶束的半径也相应减小,有利于形成数量较多、平均粒径较小的纳米银粒子。     

微乳液法制备纳米银粒子的结构及其荧光现象研究

采用微乳液法合成了不同粒径的纳米银粒子,考察了环己烷和甲苯作为油相对制备纳米银的影响.对纳米银粒子的尺寸与结构进行了表征,观察到近球形多晶粒子,并有孪晶结构存在,对晶体结构的分析表明银粒子存在不同程度的点阵畸变,晶面间距增大.不同粒径的纳米银粒子氯仿体系可呈现荧光光谱,而纳米银甲苯体系则无荧光发射.结合紫外—可见吸收光谱和电子自旋共振谱对该体系的荧光发射机理进行了分析 关键词： 微乳液 纳米银粒子 纳米晶结构 荧光     

基于粒子谱分布的无线紫外光通信散射传输特性研究

在非直视无线紫外光通信中,利用大气中的粒子对紫外光进行散射作用来传递信息,非直视紫外光通信在近距离隐蔽通信中有广阔的应用前景。雾霾粒子属于气溶胶范畴,由空气中的灰尘、硫化物、有机碳氢化合物等粒子组成。雾霾粒子的尺度、浓度、形状等因素均会对无线紫外光散射通信的传输特性产生较大的影响。首先,基于蒙特卡罗方法建立了非直视紫外光多次散射模型,将霾粒子的半径和浓度这两个物理量引入该模型中,通过模拟大量光子在雾霾条件下经多次散射到达接收端的概率,进而仿真分析了系统路径损耗与粒子半径和浓度之间的关系。结果表明,(1) 在无线紫外光近距离通信条件下,雾霾浓度越大,路径损耗越小,系统通信性能越好;(2) 通信距离大于500 m时,增加雾霾粒子浓度,系统路径损耗总体先减小再增大;(3) 在粒子浓度一定情况下,增大粒子半径,路径损耗先减小后增大,且随着通信距离的增大,路径损耗极小值的位置不断向粒子半径小的一侧移动。其次,在模型中引入粒子尺度谱分布的概念,对粒子尺度谱分布进行分割,分别求出不同粒径及其所对应浓度。假定粒子尺度谱分布中不同粒径的粒子依次对光子产生散射作用,对相应光子到达接收端的概率求和,得到光子到达接收端的总概率,进而求得多种粒径的粒子共同存在情况下系统的路径损耗,使仿真模型更加逼近实际大气信道中多种半径雾霾粒子共同存在的事实。最后,搭建实验平台,分别在良好、严重雾霾、极严重雾霾三种不同天气条件下,实验测量了系统路径损耗和通信距离、收发仰角之间的关系,并与考虑粒子尺度谱分布模型中计算得到的路径损耗进行对比,实验数据与仿真结果趋势一致,雾霾天气下的通信质量优于良好天气,收发仰角越大对应的路径损耗也越大。     

紫外光谱法检测COD中硝酸盐与温度影响的研究

以邻苯二甲酸氢钾配制的化学需氧量标准液为实验对象,采集1~800mg·L-1标准液的紫外吸收光谱,运用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了不同谱区的校正模型,结果表明,265~310nm谱区模型的相关性最高,误差最小;为了消除硝酸盐与温度对化学需氧量测量的影响,分别研究了不同浓度的硝酸钠与不同温度条件下标准液的紫外吸收光谱的变化情况,结果表明硝酸钠在208~238nm有明显的吸收,265~310nm谱区模型不受硝酸钠吸收的影响,温度的升高会导致标准液的紫外光谱吸光度的增大,通过预测分析建立了不同校正模型下的温度补偿函数。     

黄芩素稳定性研究

用紫外光谱研究了光、温度、pH、Na2SO3、FeSO4及抗坏血酸对黄芩素稳定性的影响.在室温条件下,黄芩素溶液的吸光度值在6h内强度有明显的下降;当温度升高或在避光条件下,偏酸性黄芩素溶液的吸光度值在6h内强度不变,而碱性条件下依然有下降趋势;但黄芩素溶液加入抗坏血酸或Na2SO3后,吸光度值可稳定不变.本文研究提示:黄芩素对光和pH稳定性差;抗坏血酸和Na2SO3具有提高黄芩素溶液稳定性的作用.     

无皂阳离子MMA/HEMA胶乳粒子的制备及表征

讨论了微波辐照下带正电荷的自由基引发剂偶氮二异丁基脒盐酸盐 (AIBA)引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和甲基丙烯酸 2 羟乙酯 (HEMA)共聚 ,用透射电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、差热分析仪等对聚合产物进行表征 .结果表明 :两种单体发生了共聚反应 ,制得均分散、表面洁净的无皂阳离子胶乳粒子 ;粒子的粒径随着单体HEMA浓度的增加先减小后增加 .在微波辐照下共聚反应的速率非常快 ,几乎所有的反应在 2 0min之内就能完成 .随着单体HEMA浓度的增加 ,乳液抗电解质稳定性提高     

Spectral features of composite oil-in-water emulsions containing silicon nanoparticles

A complex spectroscopic investigation of oil-in-water emulsions containing silicon nanoparticles synthesized by plasma chemical vapor deposition has been performed for the first time. It is established by electron microscopy and Raman and IR spectroscopy that nanoparticles synthesized by this method have a crystalline structure, sizes of about 10–15 nm, and an outer shell whose chemical composition depends on the powder synthesis atmosphere. Comparative measurements of the transmission spectra of silicon-containing emulsions showed that their transmission, taking into account scattering, decreases with a decrease in wavelength in the range below 450 nm. The wavelength dependences for particles with an oxynitride outer shell and particles having an oxide shell are significantly different. This result indicates a contribution of the outer shell of silicon nanoparticles to the transmission spectra of emulsions. This factor must be taken into account in design of UV protectors based on silicon powder. In addition, calculations performed for transparent media containing silicon nanoparticles predict the possibility of enhancement of the protective properties of such emulsions in the UV range with increasing sizes of particles above 10 nm.     

Combined bactericidal activity of silver nanoparticles and hexadecylpyridinium salicylate ionic liquid

Recently, ionic liquids have been used as dispersing agents for silver nanoparticle (AgNP) preparation. In this paper, we have shown a simple method to prepare AgNP in aqueous media using an ionic liquid called hexadecylpyridinium salicylate (HDPSal) as dispersing agent. The dispersions were produced by the chemical reduction of silver ions in aqueous media with different concentrations of HDPSal and tetrabutylammonium borohydride as reducing agent. The UV–Visible electronic spectra showed the characteristic plasmonic resonance band around 420 nm, confirming the formation of AgNPs. The TEM images confirmed the formation of spherical particles with diameters lower than 10 nm. The charge of these particles was determined by Zeta potential and they were around +50 mV, indicating that the HDP cations are surrounding the AgNPs, avoiding their agglomeration. Most of the dispersions remained stable for at least 1 month. Microbiological assays showed that the combination of AgNP with HDPSal results in wider range of antimicrobial effect.     

不同临界保留因子下天然有机物亲疏水组分光谱特性

吸附树脂层析法是表征环境水样有机物亲疏水组分分布的常用方法。作为柱层析的基本参数,临界保留因子对亲疏水物质的吸附及分离效果具有潜在影响。以河北某水库的水样为例,将有机物分为亲水物(HIS)、疏水酸(HOB)、疏水碱(HOA)和疏水中性物(HON),考察了在不同临界保留因子分离条件下(k′_cr=5, 10, 25, 50, 100)亲疏水组分有机物含量分布,并着重考察了其光谱学特性。研究发现,亲疏水组分的浓度分布取决于k′_cr值的设置,疏水组分的比例和疏水程度随k′_cr的增大而增大。在250~280 nm波长范围内,亲水组分HIS的紫外吸光度随k′_cr的增高而增高,而疏水组分HOA和HOB则呈现相反趋势,亲水与疏水组分之间的紫外光谱差异性随k′_cr增大而增大。此外,疏水组分单位质量浓度的吸光度对k′_cr的取值敏感,推测k′_cr可能影响所得组分的芳香族官能团性质。进一步考察了各组分的三维荧光光谱,并采用荧光区域积分和荧光指数对图谱进行解析。结果表明,亲疏水组分的荧光峰形态、荧光区域分布和荧光团密度与k′_cr值有关,荧光指数BIX,HIX_em和Peak T/C对k′_cr的取值敏感,说明k′_cr可能对所得组分的具体化学组成乃至迁移转化行为产生影响。因此在分离并表征环境水样的亲疏水组分分布时,应特别注意临界保留因子的设置并明确标明其取值。     

Pickering emulsion polymerization of polyaniline/LiCoO2 nanoparticles used as cathode materials for lithium batteries

The oil in water (o/w) emulsions were prepared using aniline dissolved in toluene and LiCoO₂ particles as stabilizers (Pickering emulsions). Pickering emulsions are stabilized by adsorbed solid particles instead of emulsifier molecules. The mean droplet diameter of emulsions was controlled by the mass ratio M (oil)/M (solid particles). The emulsions showed great stability during 3 days. The composite materials containing LiCoO₂ and the conductive polymer polyaniline (PANI) have been prepared by means of polymerization of aniline emulsion stabilized by LiCoO₂ particles. The composite materials were characterized by nanosphere and nanofiber-like structures. The nanofiber-like morphology of the powdered material was distinctly different of the morphologies of the parent materials. The electrochemical reactivity of PANI/LiCoO₂ composites as positive electrode in a lithium battery was examined during lithium ion deinsertion and insertion by galvanostatic charge–discharge testing; PANI/LiCoO₂ (1:4) composite materials exhibited the best electrochemical performance by increasing the reaction reversibility and capacity compared to that of the pristine LiCoO₂ cathode. The first discharge capacity of PANI/LiCoO₂ (1:4) was 167 mAh/g, while that of LiCoO₂ was136 mAh/g.     

Ultrasound assisted preparation of water in oil emulsions and their application in arsenic (V) removal from water in an emulsion liquid membrane process

Water in oil emulsions are prepared by using an ultra-sonication device and used in an emulsion liquid membrane process in order to recover arsenic (V) ions from an aqueous medium. The aim of this work is the investigation of the effect of emulsifier concentration and composition, and also sonication time on the emulsion droplet size and the extraction efficiency in order to obtain stable emulsions with small droplets that favor the extraction. Results show that ultrasonic waves reduce internal droplet size which enhances the extraction of arsenic. In addition, internal droplet size is decreased initially and then increased by increasing Span 80 concentration. On the other hand, by increasing Span 80 concentration, extraction amount is increased and then decreased. Furthermore, emulsifier blends provide more stability for the emulsion. Increasing concentration of Tween 20 as a hydrophilic emulsifier up to an optimum concentration decreases internal droplet size and increases extraction amount. By increasing sonication time up to 4 min, the internal droplet size is decreased and the extraction amount is increased. If sonication time is increased further, the internal droplet size is increased and the extraction amount is decreased.     

Biomaterial immobilization on polyurethane films by XeCl excimer laser processing

The surface chemical modification of polyurethane (PU) films was performed by an UV laser-induced chemical reaction in a polysaccharide solution. This process may be applicable as hydrophilic packaging of implantable medical devices and in vivo sensors. When a PU film in contact with an aqueous alginic acid (AAC) solution was irradiated with a XeCl laser, the PU film turned hydrophilic. Contact angles of water on the film were reduced from 110° to 60°. Since light absorption of the AAC solution at 308 nm was negligibly small, reactive sites were generated solely on the PU surface. There, AAC could be immobilized by chemical bonds thus allowing for a nanometer-scaled grafting of this biomolecule. The mechanism was investigated by surface analyses with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dye staining, ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. A one-photon photochemical process could beidentified. Received: 30 June 2000 / Accepted: 4 July 2000 / Published online: 13 September 2000     

Study on the emulsification and oxidative stability of ovalbumin-pectin-pumpkin seed oil emulsions using ovalbumin solution prepared by ultrasound

Pumpkin seed oil (PSO), which is a valuable compound with high nutritional value used for the prevention of various chronic diseases, is prone to oxidation. In this work, small and uniform (su) ovalbumin (OVA) and pectin (PEC) were used to stabilize PSO in the form of an emulsion. The results showed that suOVA-PEC-PSO emulsion with a droplet size of 9.82 ± 0.05 μm was successfully self-assembled from PSO, PEC, and suOVA solution (with a droplet size of 230.13 ± 14.10 nm) treated with 300 W ultrasound, owing to the formation of a more stable interfacial film on the surface of droplets. The interfacial, rheological, emulsifying, and antioxidant properties of the suOVA-PES-PSO emulsions were excellent, owing to the synergistic effects between PEC and suOVA solution. Moreover, the physical stability of the suOVA-PEC-PSO emulsions to salt stress, a freeze-thaw cycle, and heat treatment was also increased and the oxidation of linolenic acid was notably delayed. These results have extended the food-related applications of OVA and PSO, and provide a promising foundation for further exploration of the self-assembly of composite emulsions by small and uniform proteins.     

Effect of ultrasound on the preparation of soy protein isolate-maltodextrin embedded hemp seed oil microcapsules and the establishment of oxidation kinetics models

In this study, microcapsules were prepared by spray drying and embedding hemp seed oil (HSO) with soy protein isolate (SPI) and maltodextrin (MD) as wall materials. The effect of ultrasonic power on the microstructure and characteristics of the composite emulsion and microcapsules was studied. Studies have shown that ultrasonic power has a significant impact on the stability of composite emulsions. The particle size of the composite emulsion after 450 W ultrasonic treatment was significantly lower than the particle size of the emulsion without the ultrasonic treatment. Through fluorescence microscopy observation, HSO was found to be successfully embedded in the wall materials to form an oil/water (O/W) composite emulsion. The spray-dried microcapsules showed a smooth spherical structure through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the particle size was 10.7 μm at 450 W. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis found that ultrasonic treatment would increase the degree of covalent bonding of the SPI-MD complex to a certain extent, thereby improving the stability and embedding effect of the microcapsules. Finally, oxidation kinetics models of HSO and HSO microcapsules were constructed and verified. The zero-order model of HSO microcapsules was found to have a higher degree of fit; after verification, the model can better reflect the quality changes of HSO microcapsules during storage.     

蔗糖对酪蛋白结构及其乳化性影响的光谱学分析

酪蛋白酸钠作为一种良好的乳化剂和乳化稳定剂,对乳饮料品质具有重要的作用。蔗糖作为甜味剂,可以提高乳饮料的口感。但酪蛋白结构和性质很容易受到其所处的微环境的影响,为了分析蔗糖对酪蛋白酸钠结构及其乳化性的影响,利用荧光光谱技术探讨了酪蛋白酸钠荧光光谱和表面疏水性的变化,利用动态光散射技术分析了酪蛋白酸钠乳液液滴流体力学直径的变化,利用Turbiscan光谱学稳定性测试评价了酪蛋白酸钠乳液的背散射光强度变化以及稳定性指数(TSI)。结果表明：蔗糖会使酪蛋白酸钠发生内源荧光猝灭,猝灭速率常数K_S＜2.0×1010 L·mol-1·s-1,属于动态猝灭,未形成稳定的基态配合物,表明两者仅以较弱的氢键和疏水相互作用结合。酪蛋白酸钠的表面疏水性显著增强(p＜0.05),部分酪蛋白酸钠聚集程度增加,形成了可溶性聚集体。随着蔗糖浓度的增加,酪蛋白酸钠乳液流体力学直径增大,是高压均质时蛋白聚集体在油水界面上优先吸附的结果。背散射光强度结果显示随着蔗糖浓度的增加,乳液越不易产生分层、浓度变化、乳滴迁移等不稳定性现象。稳定性指数显著增大(p＜0.05),乳液稳定性增强。     

颜料含量对复合涂层红外发射率的作用机制研究

以聚氨酯(PU)为粘合剂,某片状金属粉为颜料,采用刮涂法制备了PU/片状金属复合涂层。对不同颜料含量条件下涂层的红外发射率进行了测试,并采用扫描电镜对涂层的微结构进行了观察。发射率测试结果表明,涂层发射率随金属粉含量增加呈“∪”型变化。微结构观察结果表明,PU/片状金属复合涂层由PU和片状金属粉交错堆叠而成,具有类似一维光子结构特征。基于涂层的微结构特征,对具有转折变化特征的4个金属粉含量点状态下涂层中一维光子结构的反射光谱进行了模拟计算,结果表明：PU/片状金属复合涂层的发射率随金属粉含量变化呈“∪”型变化关系特征主要是由涂层中一维光子结构的主反射峰中心波长随颜料含量增加所产生的蓝移现象引起的。