HAT循环的模化与热力学评价

ＨＡＴ循环的模化与热力学评价肖云汉，蔡睿贤，林汝谋（中国科学院工程热物理研究所北京１０００８０）关键词ＨＡＴ循环，系统优化，集成１引言ＨＡＴ循环，以其突出的高效率、低费用和低ＮＯｘ污染以及许多其它的优点表现为一种新型的先进的发电系统，被列入美国先进透...     

整体煤气化湿空气透平(IGHAT)循环的参数优化

本文采用非线性优化方法,分析了整体煤气化湿空气透平（ＩＧＨＡＴ）循环的热力性能,研究了温化器出口空气含 湿量、间冷压比及空分集成程度等主要参数对循环性能的影响。结果指出较之湿空气透平（ＨＡＴ）循环,ＩＧＨＡＴ循环的 空气含湿量有了大幅度的提高,从而使得循环比功大大增加。     

HAT循环关键部件-空气湿化器的初步实验性能

１前言空气湿化器作为ＨＡＴ（ＨｕｍｉｄＡｉｒＴｕｒｂｉｎｅ）循环的关键部件在ＨＡＴ循环中起着举足轻重的作用。在湿化器内,通过气水间的逆流传热传质,达到加热和湿化空气的目的,从而加大透平流量,减少了压缩功,提高了循环效率和比功。空气在湿化器中的加热加湿...     

HUGHES M－65L LAAT

ＨＵＧＨＥＳ　Ｍ－６５Ｌ　ＬＡＡＴＭ－６５Ｌ激光增强的机载ＴＯＷ（ＬＡＡＴ）系统是装在ＡＨ－１ＳＣｏｂｒａ攻击直升机上的Ｍ－６５光学瞄准系统的改进型。它是在Ｍ－６５ＴＯＷ导弹系统瞄准具基础上增加了一台激光测距仪，为直升机火控计算机提供距离信息，以控制...     

TBP对部分皂化的DMHPA—正庚烷体系及萃取稀土有机相的影响

研究了部分皂化的二（１甲基庚基）磷酸（ＤＭＨＰＡ）磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）—正庚烷（Ｃ７Ｈ１６）体系及萃取稀土有机相的聚集状态。结果表明，ＴＢＰ可以扩大ＤＭＨＰＡＣ７Ｈ１６Ｈ２Ｏ微乳状液形成的区间，并且对萃取有机相的存在状态及水的行为有明显的影响，在一定的条件下有凝胶形成。ＦＴＩＲ光谱分析表明，该类凝胶中ＤＭＨＰＡ和ＴＢＰ与稀土离子以多种形式配位，ＴＢＰ与ＤＭＨＰＡ及水的氢键结合对凝胶网状结构的形成也起了一定的作用。     

二维核磁共振谱解析及其应用

２ＤＮＭＲ在波谱学的化学应用中占据首要位置。本文简述了ＣＯＳＹ，ＬＲＣＯＳＹ，ＣＯＳＹＤＥＣ，ＳＥＣＳＹ，ＤＱＣ－ＣＯＳＹ，ＲＣＴ，ＩＮＡＤＩＱＵＡＴＥ，ＲＥＬＡＹ，ＩＮＶＥＲＳＥ，ＮＯＥＳＹ，ＨＯＥＳＹ，ＯＨＡＨＡ，ＲＯＥＳＹ，ＨＭＱＣ，ＨＭＢＣ等谱的形状，指认步骤及其应用。     

THE EXCESS HEAT EXPERIMENTS ON COLD FUSION IN TITANIUM LATTICE

ＴＨＥ　ＥＸＣＥＳＳ　ＨＥＡＴ　ＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＳ　ＯＮ　ＣＯＬＤ　ＦＵＳＩＯＮ　ＩＮ　ＴＩＴＡＮＩＵＭ　ＬＡＴＴＩＣＥＴＨＥＥＸＣＥＳＳＨＥＡＴＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＳＯＮＣＯＬＤＦＵＳＩＯＮＩＮＴＩＴＡＮＩＵＭＬＡＴＴＩＣＥ￥ＺｈａｎｇＱｉｎｇ...     

A RESEARCH FOR POSITRON CORREL-ATION POLARIZATION POTENTIAL

ＡＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＦＯＲＰＯＳＩＴＲＯＮＣＯＲＲＥＬ－ＡＴＩＯＮＰＯＬＡＲＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＰＯＴＥＮＴＩＡＬＪｉａｎｇＹｕｈａｉＳｕｎＪｉｎｆｅｎｇＷａｎＬｉｎｇｄｅＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＨｅｎａｎＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，...     

华中理工大学“激光技术”国家重点实验室

华中理工大学“激光技术”国家重点实验室ＴＨＥＳＴＡＴＥＫＥＹＯＰＥＮＬＡＢＯＲＡＴＯＲＹＯＦＬＡＳＥＲＴＥＣＨＮＯＬＯＧＹ，ＨＵＳＴ￥／／激光技术实验室于１９８６年经国家计委批准筹建，１９８９年建成并通过国家验收，同期获准对外开放。１９９４年进行实验...     

HIGHLYCHARGEDATOMICPHYSICSATHIRFL－

ＨＩＧＨＬＹＣＨＡＲＧＥＤＡＴＯＭＩＣＰＨＹＳＩＣＳＡＴＨＩＲＦＬ－ＣＳＲＭａＸｉｎｗｅｎＷａｎｇＹｏｕｄｅＨｏｕＭｉｎｇｄｏｎｇＪｉｎＧｅｎｇｍｉｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭｏｄｅｒｎＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ，Ｌａｎｚｈｏｕ７３...     

整体煤气化湿空气透平(IGHAT)循环的性能分析

IGHAT循环把新颖的HAT循环和先进的燃煤技术结合起来,是一种高效率、低污染和低比投资费用的燃煤发电技术,正待人们进一步去研究和开发,它也将为降低IGCC的比投资费用和发电成本提供一条新的途径[1,2]。本文主要分析了IGHAT循环的性能,研究了主要参数透平前温、压比和湿空气相对湿度对系统效率和比功的影响。     

基于微燃机的空气湿化循环构建与分析

基于同一微燃机,构建了注水回热(RWI)、HAT、部分空气湿化(PHAT)、压气机入口喷雾冷却的HAT(AHAT)循环模型,对各循环的性能进行了模拟分析并对比了效率和比功.结果表明,在可比条件下,空气湿化循环功率和效率较回热循环分别提高40%以上和5个百分点左右.研究结果为微燃机改造为空气湿化循环提供了依据和理论指导.     

工质变比热对不可逆Otto循环性能的影响

用有限时间热力学的方法分析空气标准Otto循环,由数值计算给出了存在不可逆损失和工质变比热时循环功率与压缩比、效率与压缩比以及功率和效率的特性关系,分析了工质变比热对不可逆Otto循环性能的影响特点,通过分析可知工质变比热特性对不可逆Otto循环性能有较大影响,在实际循环分析中应该予以考虑,本文所得结果对实际内燃机的设计有一定的指导意义。     

Performance Analysis and Optimization for Irreversible Combined Carnot Heat Engine Working with Ideal Quantum Gases

An irreversible combined Carnot cycle model using ideal quantum gases as a working medium was studied by using finite-time thermodynamics. The combined cycle consisted of two Carnot sub-cycles in a cascade mode. Considering thermal resistance, internal irreversibility, and heat leakage losses, the power output and thermal efficiency of the irreversible combined Carnot cycle were derived by utilizing the quantum gas state equation. The temperature effect of the working medium on power output and thermal efficiency is analyzed by numerical method, the optimal relationship between power output and thermal efficiency is solved by the Euler-Lagrange equation, and the effects of different working mediums on the optimal power and thermal efficiency performance are also focused. The results show that there is a set of working medium temperatures that makes the power output of the combined cycle be maximum. When there is no heat leakage loss in the combined cycle, all the characteristic curves of optimal power versus thermal efficiency are parabolic-like ones, and the internal irreversibility makes both power output and efficiency decrease. When there is heat leakage loss in the combined cycle, all the characteristic curves of optimal power versus thermal efficiency are loop-shaped ones, and the heat leakage loss only affects the thermal efficiency of the combined Carnot cycle. Comparing the power output of combined heat engines with four types of working mediums, the two-stage combined Carnot cycle using ideal Fermi-Bose gas as working medium obtains the highest power output.     

工质变比热条件下内燃机循环普适特性

用有限时间热力学的方法分析空气标准不可逆内燃机循环,导出了考虑工质变比热情况下,存在摩擦及传热损失时,由两个加热过程、两个放热过程和两个绝热过程组成的普适的空气标准不可逆内燃机循环的功率与压缩比、效率与压缩比以及功率和效率的最佳特性关系,同时由数值计算分析了工质变比热和循环过程对循环性能的影响特点,比较了工质恒、变比热时循环性能差异。所得结果包含了不可逆往复式Diesel、Otto、Brayton、Atkinson、Dual和Miller 循环的性能特性。     

Optimal configuration of a class of endoreversible heat engines for maximum efficiency with radiative heat transfer law

Optimal configuration of a class of endoreversible heat engines with fixed duration, input energy and radiative heat transfer law (q ∝ Δ(T ⁴)) is determined. The optimal cycle that maximizes the efficiency of the heat engine is obtained by using optimal-control theory, and the differential equations are solved by the Taylor series expansion. It is shown that the optimal cycle has eight branches including two isothermal branches, four maximum-efficiency branches, and two adiabatic branches. The interval of each branch is obtained, as well as the solutions of the temperatures of the heat reservoirs and the working fluid. A numerical example is given. The obtained results are compared with those obtained with the Newton’s heat transfer law for the maximum efficiency objective, those with linear phenomenological heat transfer law for the maximum efficiency objective, and those with radiative heat transfer law for the maximum power output objective.     

Quantum well earth science testbed

A thermal hyperspectral imager is underdevelopment which utilizes the compact Dyson optical configuration and the broadband (8–12 μm) quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array technology. The Dyson configuration uses a single monolithic prism-like grating design which allows for a high throughput instrument (F/1.6) with minimal ghosting, stray light and large swath width. The configuration has the potential to be the optimal high resolution imaging spectroscopy solution for aerial and space remote sensing applications due to its small form factor and relatively low power requirements. The planned instrument specifications are discussed as well as thermal design trade-offs. The current design uses a single high power cryocooler which allows operation of the QWIP at 40 K with adequate temperature stability.Calibration testing results (noise equivalent temperature difference, spectral linearity and spectral bandwidth) and laboratory emissivity plots from samples are shown using an operational testbed unit which has similar specifications as the final airborne system. Field testing of the testbed unit was performed to acquire plots of emissivity for various known standard minerals (quartz, opal, alunite). A comparison is made using data from the ASTER spectral library. The current single band (8–9 μm) testbed utilizes the high uniformity and operability of the QWIP array and shows excellent laboratory and field spectroscopic results.     

The optimal path of piston motion for Otto cycle with linear phenomenological heat transfer law

An Otto cycle engine with internal and external irreversibilities of friction and heat leakage, in which the heat transfer between the working fluid and the environment obeys linear phenomenological heat transfer law [q ∝△(T -1)], is studied in this paper. The optimal piston motion trajectory for maximizing the work output per cycle is derived for the fixed total cycle time and fuel consumed per cycle. Optimal control theory is applied to determine the optimal piston trajectories for the cases of with and w...     

Nonlinear theory of a plasma microwave oscillator using cable waves

The nonstationary problem of excitation of a plasma microwave oscillator of a finite length driven by a pulsed relativistic beam is analyzed. Both analytic and numerical techniques have been used in studying the oscillator dynamics at given beam parameters (configuration, electron energy, and current pulse), with different plasma configurations, and at various lengths of the system. Oscillator characteristics such as the output power, efficiency, and output spectrum have been determined at parameters close to real experimental values. Conditions of optimal oscillator operation have been determined. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 111, 1258–1273 (April 1997)