共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 281 毫秒
1.
Cu-ZSM-5分子筛催化剂选择性催化还原NO具有较好的低温活性,在613 K时NO还原成N2的转化率达70.6%.原位漫反射红外光谱(In situ DRIFTS)是研究催化剂表面吸附物种及催化机理的重要方法,应用该方法在298~773 K范围原位考察了以C3H6为还原剂及富O2条件下,NO在Cu-ZSM-5催化剂上的表面吸附及选择性催化还原.认为NO在Cu-ZSM-5催化剂上还原为N2的过程中,NO以一系列NOx吸附态形式与丙稀的活化物种(CxHy或CxOz)反应,生成有机中间体,再进一步反应,最终生成N2.有机中间体存在一个明显的从有机胺物种到腈(或-CN)再到有机氮氧物种(R-NO2或R-ONO)的过程,催化剂表面形成有机中间物种是关键步骤,Cu的作用是促进NOx形成,O2的作用是促进C3H6活化,并且是有效产生有机-氮氧化物不可缺少的条件. 相似文献
2.
本文使用等体积浸渍法制备了钒钨铈(V2O5-WO3/CeO2)选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝催化剂,并使用一系列的原位傅里叶变换红外(In-situ FTIR)光谱详细研究了该催化剂的低温SCR反应过程(本文选用200℃)。通过将原位红外光谱与化学诱捕法耦合使用,成功捕捉并识别了低温SCR的不稳定反应中间产物亚硝酸盐(nitrites),并以该亚硝酸盐物种为主要的反应活化产物,建立了基于NO氧化活化的低温SCR还原半圈反应动力学模型.该动力学模型可准确描述V2O5-WO3/CeO2催化剂低温SCR中NO与表面吸附NH3的瞬态反应过程。 相似文献
3.
研究了含氧条件下钯催化剂上进行丙烯选择催化还原NO的反应,考察浸渍法制备的Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂中加入碱(土)金属或稀土氧化物助剂对NO转化率的影响,并对催化剂进行了XRD表征及在氧化气氛中饱和吸附NO后的TPD研究。结果表明,助剂CeO2、Li2O能较大幅度提高催化剂的的低温活性,使NO的最高转化率增加1-3.5倍。Pd/CeO2-Al2O3、Pd/LiO2-Al2O3催化剂有较高的Pd分散度及较强的NO解离吸附能力。并讨论了NO、N2O、NO2^-和NO3^-等吸附态物种在催化剂表面的形成及脱附特性对催化剂选择催化还原NO性能的影响。 相似文献
4.
采用漫反射红外光谱原位考察了298-773K范围H2O,NH3和NO在SAPO-34分子筛上的吸附行为结果表明,SAPO-34对水的吸附是可逆的,对NH3和NO的吸附则是不可逆的。吸附水在623K完全脱附,脱水后的分子筛在3625-3600cm^-1出现表征桥式羟基(Si-OH-Al)的特征峰。发现SAPO-34对NH3和NO均有良好的吸附-催化活性。吸附NH3后,桥式羟基消失,位于3135,3032和1399cm^-1处在423K时出现三个吸收峰,在673K达最大,且峰高分别是SAPO-34骨架峰高的3.9,1.7和6.7倍;吸附NO后,在室温下位于1364cm^-1也观测到一强而尖锐的峰,其强度与骨架峰强度相当。对这些峰进行归属表明,吸附NH3和NO后产生了新的物种NO3^-。 相似文献
5.
本文研究了H-SAPO-34催化甲醇和丁醇转化反应及其产物分布的差异,结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用、 13C交叉极化魔角旋转核磁共振( 13C CP MAS NMR)技术捕获了反应过程中生成的重要反应中间物种.甲醇转化过程以乙烯、丙烯和丁烯为主要产物;而丁醇转化过程中主要产物是丁醇脱水生成的丁烯,反应初期以丙烯和丁烯作为主要产物.两种醇类转化均以低碳烯烃作为主要产物,且存留物种和 13C CP MAS NMR分析均观察到芳烃物种,说明H-SAPO-34催化甲醇和丁醇转化存留在催化剂上的有机物种相近.虽然起始于不同的醇类反应,但H-SAPO-34上限域空间的酸催化环境都能引导甲醇和丁醇制取低碳烯烃的反应过程. 相似文献
6.
应用单位键指标%D二次指数势 (UBI QEP)方法对汽车尾气净化反应中氮氧化物的分解进行了理论分析 .结果表明 ,NOx 的分解的可能途径为氮氧化物的直接分解、CO还原助解和氮助解离 .在富氧条件下 ,以CO助解为主 .NO的解离存在N2 O中间态 .Ni与Rh一样 ,也是优秀的还原NOx 催化剂 ,若能有效克服表面氧的共吸附 ,Ni Cu可能是良好的汽车尾气净化催化剂的主体成份 相似文献
7.
用溶胶 凝胶法以磷钼酸 (MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2 催化剂 .使用ICP、XRD、TG DTA、IR、TPD MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能 .杂多钼酸盐与TiO2 通过O2 -在TiO2 表面发生了键合 .在 6 2 3K下 ,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构 .CO2 在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ )和Lewis碱位Ni-O -Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2 卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ )←O - (CO)← (O--Ni) .丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附 .在 5 6 3K、1MPa和空速 15 0 0h-1的反应条件下 ,丙烯的摩尔转化率为 3.2 % ,产物MAA选择性为 95 % . 相似文献
8.
本文采用原位连续流动条件和间歇条件下的固体核磁共振技术,以及二维 13C- 13C基于偶极耦合的结合R2(COmbined R2 Driven,CORD)自旋扩散序列的核磁共振实验捕获了H-SSZ-13分子筛催化乙醇脱水过程中多种中间物种,并揭示了各种中间物种的动态演变过程.结果发现H-SSZ-13分子筛催化乙醇脱水过程中,存在两种不同吸附构型的乙醇、活化态的乙醚、乙氧基以及三乙基氧鎓离子,并首次通过原位固体核磁共振技术观测到乙烯的生成.这些结果加深了相关研究者对乙醇脱水反应的认识. 相似文献
9.
文章采用微波加热,草酸盐共沉淀法制备了Ni3V2O8催化剂,并对催化剂进行了BET,XRD,H2-TPR,XPS,TEM和电导等技术表征,分析研究了Ni3V2O8催化剂的丙烷氧化脱氢(ODH)制丙烯催化性能与其表面物种的关系.XRD,TEM和电导实验结果表明本方法制得的Ni3V2O8催化剂晶粒均匀,平均粒径为30 nm,具有p-型半导体性质.TPR和XPS实验结果显示Ni3V2O8催化剂中,晶格氧可以较容易转换成未完全还原氧,使催化剂内各种价态的钒之间易于进行氧化还原反应并形成氧缺位,从而催化剂的表面含有较多未充分还原氧物种O-和V4 物种.催化活性结果显示当丙烷的转化率为18.60%,丙烯选择性达到60.02%,在相同转化率条件下,比文献报道的NiO和Ni3V2O8共存催化体系中的丙烯选择性高,说明Ni3V2O8催化剂中存在未充分还原的O-和V4 物种有利于提高丙烯的选择性. 相似文献
10.
制备了用于丙烯氢甲酰化反应的Rh/SBA-15 和PPh 3修饰的PPh 3-Rh/SBA-15催化剂. 应用原位变温高压核磁共振技术,对比研究了丙烯在Rh/SBA-15 和PPh 3修饰的多相催化剂PPh 3 Rh/SBA-15上的氢甲酰化反应,实现了高压条件下催化反应的原位固体核磁共振表征. 13C MAS NMR研究结果表明:在1.0 MPa的反应压力下,随着反应温度升高丙烯与合成气在Rh/SBA-15催化剂上可转化生成丁醛,而PPh 3配体修饰的PPh 3-Rh/SBA-15催化剂上丁醛产物的正异比显著提高. 相似文献
11.
The influence of pre-dosed oxygen on NO–C 2H 4 interactions on the surface of stepped Pt(3 3 2) has been investigated using Fourier transform infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (FTIR-RAS) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The presence of oxygen significantly suppresses the adsorption of NO on the steps of Pt(3 3 2), leading to a very specific adsorption state for NO molecules when oxygen–NO co-adlayers are annealed to 350 K (assigned as atop NO on step edges). An oxygen-exchange reaction also takes place between these two kinds of adsorbed molecules, but there appears to be no other chemical reaction, which can result in the formation of higher-valence NOx. C2H4 molecules which are post-dosed at 250 K to adlayers consisting of 18O and NO do not have strong interactions with either the NO or the 18O atoms. In particular, interactions which may result in the formation of new surface species that are intermediates for N2 production appear to be absent. However, C2H4 is oxidized to C18O2 by 18O atoms at higher annealing temperature. This reaction scavenges surface 18O atoms quickly, and the adsorption of NO molecules on step sites is therefore quickly restored. As a consequence, NO dissociation on steps proceeds very effectively, giving rise to N2 desorption which closely resembles that following only NO exposure on a clean Pt(3 3 2), both in peak intensity and desorption temperature. It is concluded that the presence of 18O2 in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with C2H4 on the surface of Pt(3 3 2) does not play a role of activating reactants. 相似文献
12.
The oxidation of hydrazine on the clean Pt(111) surface has been investigated by temperature-programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS) in the temperature range 130–800 K. Direct reaction of molecular oxygen is observed on the Pt(111) surface for the first time, as indicated by the desorption of nitrogen beginning at 130 K with a maximum rate at 145 K, below the molecular oxygen dissociation temperature. Direct reaction of hydrazine with adsorbed molecular oxygen results in the formation of water and nitrogen. With excess hydrazine, all surface oxygen is reacted, forming water. When only adsorbed atomic oxygen is present, the low-temperature nitrogen yield decreases by a factor of 3 and the peak nitrogen desorption temperature increases to 170 K. No high-temperature (450–650 K) nitrogen desorption characteristic of nitrogen atom recombination is seen, indicating that during oxidation the nitrogen-nitrogen bond in hydrazine remains intact, as observed previously for hydrazine decomposition on the Pt(111) surface and hydrazine oxidation on rhodium. Two water desorption peaks are observed, characteristic of desorption-limited (175 K) and reaction-limited (200 K) water evolution from the Pt(111) surface. For low coverages of hydrazine, only the reaction-limited water desorption is observed, previously attributed to water formed from adsorbed hydroxyl groups. When excess hydrazine is adsorbed, the usual hydrazine decomposition products, H 2, N 2 and NH 3, are also observed. No nitrogen oxide species (NO, NO 2 and N 2O) were observed in these experiments, even when excess oxygen was available on the surface. 相似文献
13.
The charge state of paramagnetic or nonmagnetic O2 adsorbed on a Pt(111) surface is analyzed using density functional theory. We find no significant charge transfer between Pt and the two adsorbed molecular precursors, suggesting these oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) intermediates are nearly neutral, and changes in magnetic moment come from self adjustment of O2 spin-orbital occupations. Our findings support a greatly simplified model of electrocatalyzed ORR, and also point to more subtle pictures of adsorbates or impurities interacting with crystal than literal integer charge transfers. 相似文献
14.
The catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by hydrogen over a Pt surface is studied using a dynamic Monte Carlo (MC) method on a square lattice under low pressure conditions. Using a Langmuir–Hinshelwood reaction mechanism, a simplified model with only four adsorbed species (NO, H, O, and N) is constructed. The effect on the NO dissociation rate, the limiting step in the whole reaction, is inhibited by co-adsorbed NO and H 2 molecules and is enhanced both by the presence of empty sites and adsorbed N atoms at nearest neighbors. In these simulations, several experimental parameter values are included, such as: adsorption, desorption and diffusion of the reactants. The phenomenon is studied while varying the temperature over the 300–550 K range. The model reproduces well-observed TPD and TPR experimental results. For the whole NO+H 2 reaction, the phenomena of “surface explosion” is observed and can be explained as the result of the abrupt production of N 2 due to both the autocatalytic NO decomposition favored by the presence of vacant sites and the development of inhomogeneous fluctuations. MA simulations also allow a visualization of the spatial development of the surface explosion as heating proceeds. 相似文献
15.
Ammonia adsorbs without dissociation on clean Ag(110) with a binding energy of 11 kcal/mol. Coadsorption of ammonia and atomic oxygen at 105 K produces adsorbed hydroxyl groups and NH x species. Coadsorption of ammonia and molecular oxygen leads to the stabilization of molecular oxygen, as is shown by the increase in the desorption peak temperature of dioxygen from 180 to 210 K. The reaction of ammonia with both forms of adsorbed oxygen produces the same products at the same temperatures. Water desorbs in a series of peaks at 310, 340, and 400 K resulting from hydroxyl recombination and hydrogen transfer from NH x species to adsorbed oxygen atoms. NO and N 2 desorb together at 530 K. Oxygen recombination at 590 K only occurs following small ammonia doses such that excess oxygen persists on the surface. No hydrogen was seen to desorb under any reaction conditions. Vibrational spectroscopy shows that NH groups persist on the surface at temperatures well into the water desorption peak at 310 K and possibly to significantly higher temperatures, indicative of the difficulty of N-H bond cleavage by metallic silver. 相似文献
16.
A galvanic cell based upon the use of stabilized zirconia as solid oxygen ion conductor has been used to measure cathodic
reduction currents at a porous platinum electrode in both nitrogen-oxygen gas mixtures with and without small amounts of NO
(up to 5450 ppm).
Adding small amounts of NO to the N 2/O 2 mixture induced a considerable cathodic current peak at the working electrode in the first moment after addition. After interruption
of the NO exposure, the opposite effect, a high current pulse in anodic direction, was observed. The switching effect is reproducible
and its magnitude depends on the concentrations of oxygen and nitrogen monoxide in the gas.
As the main contribution to the current results from the reduction of the excess oxygen in the gas, it must be concluded that
the presence of NO strongly affects the steady state, in particular the adsorbed oxygen at the electrode/electrolyte interface.
These experimental results are interpreted in terms of a reversible change of the interface which may be due to a reconstruction
of the platinum surface in the presence of NO and corresponding drastic change in the amount of adsorbed oxygen at the platinum
surface.
Paper presented at the 1st Euroconference on Solid State Ionics, Zakynthos, Greece, 11 – 18 Sept. 1994 相似文献
17.
Reactions between NO and CO on Rh(1 1 1) surfaces were investigated using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed desorption. NO adsorbed on the fcc, atop, and hcp sites in that order, whereas CO adsorbed initially on the atop sites and then on the hollow (fcc + hcp) sites. The results of experiments with NO exposure on CO-preadsorbed Rh(1 1 1) surfaces indicated that the adsorption of NO on the hcp sites was inhibited by preadsorption of CO on the atop sites, and NO adsorption on the atop and fcc sites was inhibited by CO preadsorbed on each type of site, which indicates that NO and CO competitively adsorbed on Rh(1 1 1). From a Rh(1 1 1) surface with coadsorbed NO and CO, N 2 was produced from the dissociation of fcc-NO, and CO 2 was formed by the reaction of adsorbed CO with atomic oxygen from dissociated fcc-NO. The CO 2 production increased remarkably in the presence of hollow-CO. Coverage of fcc-NO and hollow-CO on Rh(1 1 1) depended on the composition ratio of the NO/CO gas mixture, and a gas mixture with NO/CO ? 1/2 was required for the co-existence of fcc-NO and hollow-CO at 273 K. 相似文献
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