碳纳米管对信息激光的消光系数测试研究

消光系数是表示烟幕干扰材料消光性能的重要参数,研究测试了三种不同尺寸的碳纳米管对1.06μm激光的消光系数。利用室内大型烟箱,根据Lambert-Beer定律,通过测量激光透过率和烟幕质量浓度,得到了不同时刻的碳纳米管烟幕对激光的消光系数。结果表明消光系数是一个变量,随碳纳米管材料的时空变化而变化。三种尺寸的碳纳米管对1.06μm激光的平均消光系数分别为1.3568 m2/g、1.3008 m2/g和1.6408m2/g,表明碳纳米管对信息激光具有显著的消光效果。     

纳米碳纤维红外消光数值计算

为探讨纳米碳纤维作为烟幕粒子的红外消光特性,基于电磁场理论建立了细直的纳米碳纤维感应电流积分方程,并利用矩量法进行了求解,导出了纳米碳纤维散射场及吸收、散射和消光截面的计算式.通过与变分法的计算结果相比较,表明了该方法的有效性.利用该方法数值分析了纳米碳纤维红外消光截面与入射场波长、入射角、纤维长度和半径的关系,计算结果为纳米碳纤维用于红外烟幕干扰提供了理论依据.     

纳米碳纤维导电性对红外消光性能的影响

纳米碳纤维是一种新型吸波材料。为探讨烟幕粒子的红外消光特性,利用矩量法建立了纳米碳纤维感应电流和散射场的计算模型,在此基础上得出了纳米碳纤维吸收、散射和消光截面的计算表达式。通过Matlab编程计算分析了纳米碳纤维红外消光截面与电导率的关系。结果表明,纳米碳纤维红外消光特性与电导率密切相关,随着电导率的增加,消光截面迅速增加,当波长大于纤维本身长度时,消光截面随电导率的变化出现峰值,峰值电导率与波长有关。     

随机取向烟幕凝聚粒子的消光特性

采用蒙特卡罗方法根据团簇-团簇凝聚(CCA)模型对由球形原始微粒凝聚而成的烟幕凝聚粒子进行模拟,用离散偶极子近似(DDA)方法研究随机取向烟幕凝聚粒子的消光特性.结果表明,凝聚粒子的消光特性受到原始微粒数量以及粒径的影响,粒子的凝聚将减弱烟幕的消光性能;当凝聚结构中原始微粒的数目一定时,存在使烟幕消光性能达到最大的原始微粒粒径.     

用消光系数比表征火灾烟雾的分类特征

提出了一种表征火灾烟雾分类特征的方法,采用两个已知波长的消光系数的比值表征火灾烟雾的本质特征.研究表明:两个已知波长的消光系数比仅与烟雾粒子群的粒径分布、平均粒径和折射率有关,排除了烟雾粒子浓度的影响,通过对火灾烟雾进行简单的光学测量和计算,即可得到火灾烟雾的分类特征 关键词： 消光系数比 火灾烟雾 分类特征     

A new explanation of the extinction paradox

This work presents a new explanation for the extinction paradox and shows that the canonical explanations are incorrect. This paradox refers to the large size limit of a particle's extinction cross section. It is called a paradox because the geometrical optics approximation, which should be valid in this limit, predicts a cross section that is half of the true value. The new explanation is achieved by formulating the scattered wave in terms of an integral over the particle's surface where the seemingly unrelated Ewald-Oseen theorem appears in the formulation. By expressing the cross section in terms of this surface integral, the Ewald-Oseen theorem is analytically connected to the cross section. Several illustrations are used to reveal the significance of this connection: The paradox is seen to be a consequence of the requirement that the incident wave be canceled within the particle by secondary radiation from its own internal field. Following this, the canonical explanations are examined to reveal serious problems. In the process, the same asymptotic extinction behavior is shown to occur for small highly refractive dielectric particles, and thus is not just a large particle size or small wavelength effect as is often stated. The traditional explanations cannot account for this behavior while the new one actually predicts it. All in all, this work constitutes a fundamental reworking of 60 years of accepted understanding for the cause of the asymptotic behavior of the extinction cross section.     

Multiple scattering of light transmission in a smoke layer

The visibility in a fire scene decreases because of the existence of smoke produced by the flammable materials. With the growth of smoke concentration, the relationship between light and smoke becomes complicated due to the multiple scattering. In this paper, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) that considers the multiple scattering was applied to calculate the light transmission in a smoke layer. As input parameters of RTE, the single scattering albedo, asymmetry parameter and extinction cross section of single smoke agglomerate were calculated by the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method. The effects of smoke agglomerate diameter, number density of smoke layer, and the incident light wavelength were considered. The results show that the light transmitted flux decreases with the growth of smoke diameter and number density, and increases with the growth of wavelength. The smoke diameter is dominant among the three parameters, and the light transmitted flux tends to be stable when the wavelength reaches a certain value.     

烟幕对成像跟踪干扰效能外场试验测量

利用发烟源结合外场运动目标,构建典型条件下的外场烟幕测量试验,通过多光谱成像传感器采集数据,验证和修正该类型烟幕的消光模型。并且通过采用典型跟踪算法的专用成像跟踪器,测量各种烟幕施放条件下干扰目标得到的跟踪误差。试验数据经过分析及与烟幕经典理论计算方法对比,得到了其干扰效能规律,为该类烟幕的使用和对成像传感器干扰效果提供了可靠的依据。     

基于神经网络的火灾烟雾识别方法

提出了一种基于神经网络的火灾烟雾识别方法，以波长为670nm、1060nm、1550nm的三束激光的三对消光系数比作为网络的输入，网络的输出为“火灾烟雾”和“非火灾因素”，从典型火灾烟雾和非火灾因素对多波长激光的衰减实验中选取数据，组成26种网络样本模式定义表，经391次仿真训练后，输出误差小于0．0001，并经验证实验表明，本方法对火灾烟雾和非火灾因素能进行有效的识别，是处理烟雾识别等非结构问题的一种行之有效的方法。     

Generalization of the optical theorem for an arbitrary multipole in the presence of a transparent half-space

The optical theorem is generalized to the case of excitation of a local inhomogeneity introduced in a transparent substrate by a multipole of arbitrary order. It is shown that, to calculate the generalized extinction cross section, it is sufficient to calculate the derivatives of the scattered field at a single point by adding a constant and a definite integral. Apart from general scientific interest, the proposed generalization makes it possible to calculate the absorption cross section by subtracting the scattering cross section from the extinction cross section. The latter fact is important, because the scattered field in the far zone contains no Sommerfeld integrals. In addition, the proposed generalization allows one to test computer modules for the case where a lossless inhomogeneity is considered.