双光子光折变介质中非相干耦合亮-暗混合屏蔽孤子族

 根据光波耦合方程及亮-暗孤子对解,对稳态情况下多束互不相干的光束在有外加电场的双光子非光伏光折变晶体中的传播进行分析,给出产生亮-暗双光子光折变屏蔽光伏孤子族需满足的条件。证明有外加电场双光子非光伏光折变晶体中存在非相干耦合亮-暗混合屏蔽孤子族,孤子族由偏振态和波长都相同的多束互不相干的光形成。当外加电场方向和晶体光轴方向相同时,双光子光折变晶体可支持亮孤子族总峰值光强稍大于暗孤子族总峰值光强的的非相干耦合亮-暗混合孤子族,当外加电场方向与晶体光轴方向相反时,双光子光折变晶体可支持亮孤子族总峰值光强稍小于暗孤子族总峰值光强的非相干耦合亮-暗混合孤子族。     

单轴晶体的光程差和Lyot型滤光器的视场

 建立了以光线入射方向和晶体光轴方向为基准的入射坐标系，利用波法线反曲面方程和电磁场在晶体折射界面处切向分量连续性的边界条件，得到了晶体中波法线方向、射线方向、波法线折射率和射线折射率的表达式。从非常光的射线方向和射线折射率出发，得到了在任意的晶体光轴方向和入射角条件下，光通过单轴晶体后寻常光、非常光的光程差表达式。对Lyot型滤光单元的透射率和视场进行了计算分析后发现，滤光单元的透射率随光线入射角的变化呈现一定的周期性，视场随光轴倾角的增大而减小。得出了透射率和视场随光轴倾角(光轴与晶体表面的夹角)和光线入射角(光线在晶体表面的入射角)的变化规律。讨论了通过改变晶体倾角实现滤光器调谐和补偿晶体厚度加工误差等技术问题。     

双光子光折变介质中非相干耦合亮-暗屏蔽光伏孤子对

对有外加电场的双光子光伏光折变晶体中两束偏振方向和波长都相同的互不相干光束的耦合进行研究,给出产生亮-暗双光子光折变屏蔽光伏孤子对需满足的条件.以Cu:KNSBN晶体作为研究对象,选取α=117.3,β=83.79,η=1.5×10-4,σ=104,δ=0.005,r=10时,给出双光子光折变晶体中的非相干耦合亮-暗屏蔽光伏孤子对2个孤子分量光强的空间分布,证明有外加电场的双光子光伏光折变晶体中存在非相干耦合亮-暗屏蔽光伏孤子对,指出孤子对是由偏振态和波长都相同的两束互不相干光形成的,当外加电场方向和晶体中光伏电场的方向与晶体光轴方向相同时,双光子光折变晶体中可支持亮孤子峰值光强稍大于暗孤子最大光强的非相干耦合亮-暗孤子对,当外加电场方向和晶体中光伏电场的方向与晶体光轴方向相反时,双光子光折变晶体中可支持亮孤子峰值光强稍小于暗孤子最大光强的非相干耦合亮-暗孤子对.     

低功率近红外光的偏振方向对光致折射率变化影响的实验研究

研究了利用低功率近红外光辐照In:Fe:LiNbO3晶体时写入光束的偏振方向对光致折射率变化(Δn)的影响.分别采用正常偏振(o光)和非常偏振(e光)的近红外细激光束,在In:Fe:LiNbO3晶体中进行了光折变实验.研究表明,两种偏振方向引起晶体的Δn实测曲线相似,但变化规律恰好相反,o光引起的折射率变化量约是e光的3倍左右.近红外光写入下两种偏振光束引起晶体的Δn分布规律都不同于可见光,尤其是e光辐照区域中心晶体的折射率升高.因此,通过选择不同偏振方向的近红外光可以在光折变晶体中制作不同折射率分布的非线性光学器件.     

铟掺杂对Fe:LiNbO3晶体近红外光折变性能的影响

采用在Fe:LiNbO3中掺入了铟离子生长的双掺杂InFe:LiNbO3晶体,以波长为1064 nm的近红外会聚光束作为记录光源,通过数字观测装置,对比研究了铟离子掺入前后Fe:LiNbO3晶体和InFe:LiNbO3晶体的光折变性能。实验研究结果表明,铟离子掺入后晶体的光折变响应速度和抗光折变能力明显提高,饱和折射率变化量降低。初步分析认为,InFe:LiNbO3晶体光折变性能的增强是由于掺入的铟离子取代了部分光折变敏感中心,降低了光敏中心的数量,导致晶体光电导增大,响应时间随之缩短。     

铟掺杂对Fe∶LiNbO3晶体近红外光折变性能的影响

采用在Fe∶LiNbO3中掺入了铟离子生长的双掺杂In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体,以波长为1064nm的近红外会聚光束作为记录光源,通过数字观测装置,对比研究了铟离子掺入前后Fe∶LiNbO3晶体和In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体的光折变性能。实验研究结果表明,铟离子掺入后晶体的光折变响应速度和抗光折变能力明显提高,饱和折射率变化量降低。初步分析认为,In∶Fe∶LiNbO3晶体光折变性能的增强是由于掺入的铟离子取代了部分光折变敏感中心,降低了光敏中心的数量,导致晶体光电导增大,响应时间随之缩短。     

LiNbO3∶Fe晶体中光写入阵列平面光波导的实验实现

采用两束相干平行光形成的干涉光场辐照LiNbO3∶ Fe晶体,通过光折变效应在晶体中写入了阵列平面光波导.分别采用马赫-曾德干涉仪光路和光栅衍射法测量了阵列平面光波导的横向折射率分布和周期,并对所写入的阵列平面光波导进行了初步的导光测试.实验结果表明,用这种方法写入阵列平面光波导简便可行.     

用特征矩阵法研究一维激光全息光子晶体的禁带特性

介质中传播方向相反的2束激光干涉可形成具有一维周期结构的体积全息图,而这种全息图可以看作一维光子晶体,称为一维激光全息图光子晶体,用特征矩阵法研究了一维激光全息图光子晶体的透射谱中的禁带随入射角、记录波长、介质折射率、折射率调制度的变化规律。结果表明：当入射角变大,激光波长、介质折射率及介质折射率调制度变小时, 禁带的位置向短波方向移动, 禁带宽度减小。     

LiNbO3:Fe晶体中光写入阵列平面光波导的实验实现

采用两束相干平行光形成的干涉光场辐照LiNbO₃: Fe晶体,通过光折变效应在晶体中写入了阵列平面光波导.分别采用马赫-曾德干涉仪光路和光栅衍射法测量了阵列平面光波导的横向折射率分布和周期,并对所写入的阵列平面光波导进行了初步的导光测试.实验结果表明,用这种方法写入阵列平面光波导简便可行.     

强外加电场与大调制度下光折变动力学光栅形成研究

强外加电场与大调制度在光折变效应的研究中已经得到了广泛应用。采用PDECOL算法,严格求解光折变带输运方程,得到外加电场时不同调制度下光折变晶体中随时间变化的空间电荷场、载流子浓度,并讨论了外加电场对它们的影响。通过将物质方程与耦合波方程联立数值求解,可得到光折变光栅形成过程中两波耦合增益系数以及光束条纹相位的变化。模拟结果表明,在强外加电场作用下,两束记录光之间的光强与相位耦合都得到了增强,而原有的解析式忽视了强外加电场与大调制度对空间电荷场相位耦合的影响,此时不再适用。同时发现折射率光栅与记录光束条纹均发生弯曲,并不再保持平行。     

Measurement of tilt of a diffuse object by double-exposure speckle photography using speckle fanning in a photorefractive BaTiO3 crystal

A technique has been proposed for the measurement of tilt of a diffuse object using speckle fanning in a photorefractive BaTiO₃ crystal. Free space geometry has been used for recording in which the axis of rotation of the object lies away in three-dimensional space. The method is based on recording of two exposures, one before- and another after the tilt, thus producing speckle correlation fringes due to overlapping of two speckle fans. We consider a generalized case of tilt, generating curved fringes with center shifted in the transverse direction. The axis of rotation lies perpendicular to the optical axis in three-dimensional space having the transverse and axial components of the shift in the center of rotation with respect to the diffuser plane. Fourier transform of the curved fringes produces correlation output. Measure of separation between the correlation peaks in transverse and axial directions provides information about the tilt angle, the direction of tilt, and the distance of rotation axis from the optical axis. Experimental results have been presented to validate the theoretical predictions.     

Adaptive interferometers with no external field using reflection gratings in CdTe:Ge at 1550 nm

We demonstrate experimentally the operation of an adaptive two-wave mixing interferometer with no field applied to a photorefractive crystal in which the quadrature condition is introduced by an external π/2 phase step. To achieve high signal to noise ratio the counter-propagating geometry for grating recording is used with a CdTe:Ge crystal, ensuring effective recording of reflection holograms. It is demonstrated that the interferometer with a photorefractive semiconductor crystal provides good sensitivity without the adverse effects that are normally associated with an applied field.     

Effects of applied DC/AC fields in electrical fixing process with SBN:60

We present experimental investigations of electrical fixing techniques in Ce:SBN:60. The effect of crystal fatigue on the diffraction efficiency of electrically fixed photorefractive gratings is studied. We observed that applying an ac field to the crystal eliminated crystal fatigue and improved diffraction efficiency. A controllable diffraction efficiency of a photorefractive grating is presented. A reproducible diffraction efficiency of up to 75% is obtained using a write-reveal grating technique with high-voltage pulses of opposite polarity. We also show that the diffraction efficiency can be controlled by varying the intensity of the writing beams incident to the crystal during the recording process. A method of determining the hysteresis loop using the domain-fixing technique is proposed. The dependence of the diffraction efficiency on the direction of the applied electric field while writing the hologram is studied. Our experiments show that, during writing, when the electric field is applied opposite to the c axis the grating can be successfully revealed with both positive and negative dc voltages. However, when the grating is written with a field parallel to the c axis, the grating can be revealed only with a field applied in the opposite direction. Received: 28 October 2002 / Revised version: 28 February 2003 / Published online: 14 May 2003 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +1-812/872-6167, E-mail: azad.siahmakoun@rose-hulman.edu     

90°全息记录衍射效率分析与提高

对光折变全息记录特别是双中心全息记录中90°记录结构下较低的衍射效率进行了研究,采用局域衍射理论对90°记录结构的衍射进行了分析,表明在同样的折射率变化和2 mm的光束宽度的情况下,只有当折射率光栅振幅大于10^-4时,90°记录结构衍射效率才能够与小角度透射记录结构的衍射效率大致相当。针对环境干扰导致的干涉条纹振动影响光栅记录,提出了有效调制度概念,根据分析90°记录结构的干涉条纹间距很小,容易受外界环境干扰而导致低的折射率变化率,因此应采用主动条纹锁定系统。此外在双中心全息记录中,微观光学参量的优化对衍射效率影响也很重要。     

Magnetic-field-induced changes in the photorefractive sensitivity of lithium niobate

The effect of a magnetic field on the average photorefractive sensitivity of an undoped LiNbO₃ crystal is studied by phase-mismatched second-harmonic generation. The experimental data obtained show the photorefractive sensitivity to reverse sign as the external magnetic field exceeds B ₁=?0.38±0.04 T. The magnetic field is oriented perpendicular to the crystal optical axis and to the plane of laser radiation polarization. The variation of the photorefractive sensitivity is associated with paramagnetic iron centers, whose photoionization probability depends on the direction of their magnetic moment relative to the optical axis.     

光轴方向任意时光折变晶体中体全息光栅的衍射性质

利用坐标旋转方法和Kogelnik耦合波理论,建立了光轴方向任意时单轴晶体中体光栅布拉格衍射的耦合波方程,分析了Li NbO3晶体的光轴方向对光折变体全息光栅的各向同性和各向异性布拉格衍射性质的影响。模拟计算表明,在给定光栅的结构参量时,通过适当选择光轴方向角可以使得光折变体光栅的各向同性和各向异性布拉格衍射的衍射效率达到最大,给出了相应类型的衍射效率取得最大值时晶体光轴的大致方向。这些理论分析为光折变体全息光学器件的优化设计和进一步广泛应用提供了很好的理论参考依据。     

A multichannel adaptive interferometry system

A multichannel adaptive interferometer based on dynamic reflecting holograms multiplexing in a photorefractive crystal of cubic symmetry is proposed. The efficiency of hologram multiplexing is studied theoretically and experimentally. For the recording geometry used, a crosstalk between channels is shown to be less than the single-channel inherent noise for a wide angular range of beams entering the crystal, and the sensitivity depletion in one channel is insignificant for a large number of channels.     

Fixing the photorefractive soliton

We report the formation of permanent two-dimensional 12-microm waveguides in a bulk strontium barium niobate crystal. The waveguides are made by formation of a photorefractive spatial soliton in which the space-charge field induces ferroelectric domains that are permanently polarized opposite to the crystal c axis. The fixed waveguide propagates light with 80% efficiency. These results make possible the permanent recording of intricate optical circuitry in the volume of a bulk crystal.